Efficiency Analysis of Perovskite LEDs Via Optoelectronic Modeling

Efficiency Analysis of Perovskite LEDs Via Optoelectronic Modeling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Efficiency Analysis of Perovskite LEDs Via Optoelectronic Modeling Morteza Yarahmadi, Elnaz Yazdani, Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628825/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Perovskite light-emitting diodes (P-LEDs) are emerging candidates for efficient lighting and display applications, but their external quantum efficiency is limited by photon trapping and non-ideal recombination. In this work, we introduce an optoelectronic modeling approach that simultaneously accounts for carrier transport, recombination, and optical outcoupling through multiple dipole sources distributed according to the spontaneous emission profile. This method enables the consistent evaluation of both internal quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency functions of perovskite thickness and applied bias. The results reveal a thickness-dependent trade-off: thinner layers favor higher light extraction efficiency (up to η LE ~15% at 36 nm). Whereas, thicker layers support larger internal quantum efficiency (up to η IQE ~ 59.8%). Notably, the maximum internal quantum efficiency (ηIQE) typically occurs near the diode turn-on voltage (VTO), which increases with the thickness of the perovskite, shifting to a bias where both internal and external quantum efficiencies reach their peak. Consequently, the external quantum efficiency reaches η EQE ~ 9.0% at 36 nm and VTO ~ 2.34 V, while the absolute maximum of η EQE ~9.46% appears for a 51-nm thick perovskite layer and VTO ~ 2.5 V. These findings highlight the necessity of considering electronic and optical effects, providing realistic guidance for optimizing P-LED performance. In particular, they indicate that a careful choice of the perovskite layer thickness alone can substantially enhance device efficiency, even before pursuing more complex optimization strategies. Perovskite light-emitting diodes (P-LEDs) Internal quantum efficiency External quantum efficiency Light extraction efficiency Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 17 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7628825","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":524810288,"identity":"6eba58fb-4858-47ca-ae6c-07bbf1cb6caa","order_by":0,"name":"Morteza Yarahmadi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tarbiat Modares University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Morteza","middleName":"","lastName":"Yarahmadi","suffix":""},{"id":524810289,"identity":"f38f22dd-813b-464b-8502-10b8ead22a15","order_by":1,"name":"Elnaz Yazdani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tarbiat Modares 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