Evaluating Hybrid Photovoltaic Biodiesel Battery Systems for Sustainability A Case Study in Kolkata West Bengal, India

Evaluating Hybrid Photovoltaic Biodiesel Battery Systems for Sustainability A Case Study in Kolkata West Bengal, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluating Hybrid Photovoltaic Biodiesel Battery Systems for Sustainability A Case Study in Kolkata West Bengal, India Satabdi Chatterjee, Pallav Dutta, Indranil Mukherjee, Barun Mandal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6741587/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the acute prerequisite for sustainable energy solutions in countryside India, this study proposes a novel hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) tailored for an old age home in West Bengal. Unlike earlier research that primarily focused on solar-wind-battery/diesel setups, this work integrates photovoltaic (PV), wind and biomass-derived biogas diesel generators (BDG) into a unified HRES, ensuring a more resilient and localized power supply. A detailed load profile for both residential and commercial demands was developed meticulously. Rigorous sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of solar radiation fluctuations, diesel price volatility, discount rates and load variations on the system's techno-economic performance. The incorporation of BDG alongside solar and wind energy significantly enhances the HRES's reliability and sustainability. Comparative simulations using Load Following (LF) and Cycle Charging (CC) control strategies demonstrated the superior performance of the CC approach. The CC strategy reduced CO₂ emissions by 13.8%, increased PV output, minimized BDG reliance and resulted in lower Net Present Cost (NPC) and Price of Energy (PEE). This study conclusively showcases the viability of a BDG-PV-wind HRES under a CC control strategy for rural electrification, offering a sustainable, cleaner and cost-effective energy solution for critical social infrastructure like old age homes. Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) Rural Electrification Solar photo voltaic (SPV) Wind Biodiesel Generator (BDG) Techno-Economic Analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6741587","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":463460573,"identity":"06cdd02a-f0fd-4a55-bbd0-6488aec0d0ac","order_by":0,"name":"Satabdi Chatterjee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Techno India College of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Satabdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Chatterjee","suffix":""},{"id":463460574,"identity":"2068084e-d6f4-443a-8e9e-4f3fccaba9a6","order_by":1,"name":"Pallav Dutta","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3ElEQVRIie3PsQqCQBjA8U8OzuUDV8HqGQQhE3wZEZx6gIaGa3FKW+0tfASPI6eg1S2ktSEIoigiy6Gmy7aG+w93H8f94A5ApfrLyKxoVo095wNArwPRWEsoAS0DwN8IwS7E1TkrLjH08+2CH/2pj6CLVS4j3jxgPInByUtCrHEZIWAUVTJiFwErcA1BQ8AaU4Fg4lBONjXjt5aQ6+jehVQBEzh5EWppcQfiZTUTvYnpLMtw6CVphPTbX1wj5PXe9vup4LvqfPIHhi5K+cPazXyfUNn1D6JSqVQqSQ/6qUs6h4JySgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Aliah University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pallav","middleName":"","lastName":"Dutta","suffix":""},{"id":463460575,"identity":"2c1cd48c-cb21-49ad-957d-d86d0a93e67a","order_by":2,"name":"Indranil Mukherjee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aliah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Indranil","middleName":"","lastName":"Mukherjee","suffix":""},{"id":463460576,"identity":"5b01a512-8592-43d1-b722-f6040e7c3780","order_by":3,"name":"Barun Mandal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kalyani Government Engineering College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Barun","middleName":"","lastName":"Mandal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-25 03:43:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6741587/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6741587/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83638972,"identity":"0da3293d-ba3d-4c2d-9316-63d2f7fa935c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 02:35:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":761778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptwithAuthorDetailsupdatedon25525.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6741587/v1_covered_aaf076c2-7405-4839-a93b-c9c6305d4b20.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluating Hybrid Photovoltaic Biodiesel Battery Systems for Sustainability A Case Study in Kolkata West Bengal, India","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES), Rural Electrification, Solar photo voltaic (SPV), Wind, Biodiesel Generator (BDG), Techno-Economic Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6741587/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6741587/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo address the acute prerequisite for sustainable energy solutions in countryside India, this study proposes a novel hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) tailored for an old age home in West Bengal. 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