Development of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment Questions on Integer Number | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment Questions on Integer Number Rahmah Johar, M. Ikhsan, Rini Oktavia, Suhartati Suhartati, Mukhlis Hidayat, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Integers are one of the materials that is often studied in mathematics learning. However, students still have difficulty learning whole numbers. Student difficulties can be detected through a series of tests.students' abilities and weaknesses can be detected through a series of tests. Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) is a form of assessment that can provide detailed information regarding students' abilities and weaknesses so that the result can be used by teachers as a consideration to improve the way they teach. The purpose of this research is to develop diagnostic test questions on integers using the CDA framework. This study uses the Tessmer model. The diagnostic test questions developed were 40 questions with three attributes, namely A1 consists of comparing integers, A2 addition and subtraction of integers, and A3 multiplication and division of integers. The research subjects were 113 seventh-grade students from three junior high schools in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, based on three consideration schools with low, medium, and high categories. Data from the trial results were analyzed using the R package GDINA program. The results showed that all integer items met the valid and reliable criteria for questions on A1, namely 0.9961, A2, namely 0.9954, and A3, namely 0.9976. This problem can be used to measure students' abilities and weaknesses on a wider scale for integer numbers. Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment an integer number Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 18 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 16 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9298694","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":630343077,"identity":"c431e86d-9ca7-4044-ac2e-e9be575e3c1e","order_by":0,"name":"Rahmah Johar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYGxgYGZgYJIPsDA4MBWDCBjUgtjDNI0cIA0sLMA9PCgEeLefvZoxt+7mBg55dufvbZtq3OmIH98AOGB2W4tcicyUu72XuGgVlyzjHj2blth80YeNIMGBLO4dYiwZBjdoO3jYHZ4EaCMXNu2wEbBoYcBobENjxa+N+Y3fwL1pL+mdmyrc6Ggf8NAS0SOWa3IbbkGDMztjGbMUgQskXijdlt2TYJZskZOcWMPecOG7NJPDM4gNcv/DlmN9+22STzS6RvZvhRVmfYz5/88OEPPCEG05kMZ4Ji5ABBDUBgR4yiUTAKRsEoGKEAAAfGR9C+BMg5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rahmah","middleName":"","lastName":"Johar","suffix":""},{"id":630343080,"identity":"0e819583-8b90-4d38-9657-43a144f91318","order_by":1,"name":"M. Ikhsan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"","lastName":"Ikhsan","suffix":""},{"id":630343081,"identity":"71cfd93d-d4c0-4084-a9cc-20504af611e8","order_by":2,"name":"Rini Oktavia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rini","middleName":"","lastName":"Oktavia","suffix":""},{"id":630343084,"identity":"9d618b4b-bd04-473a-ac3c-211589fb0e13","order_by":3,"name":"Suhartati Suhartati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suhartati","middleName":"","lastName":"Suhartati","suffix":""},{"id":630343086,"identity":"82bdd5f0-4a9b-4a76-894e-26d2070bafec","order_by":4,"name":"Mukhlis Hidayat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mukhlis","middleName":"","lastName":"Hidayat","suffix":""},{"id":630343088,"identity":"4908e5ed-7fae-4755-8e36-96850d4eebea","order_by":5,"name":"Cut Khairunnisak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cut","middleName":"","lastName":"Khairunnisak","suffix":""},{"id":630343089,"identity":"3c4704da-a580-4fe6-8b5e-b21b380b964e","order_by":6,"name":"M. Duskri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UIN Ar-raniry","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"","lastName":"Duskri","suffix":""},{"id":630343090,"identity":"f4fff5c7-47d4-4092-ad50-6d904ed5dabb","order_by":7,"name":"Ulya Rohaizati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ulya","middleName":"","lastName":"Rohaizati","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-02 06:08:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108181758,"identity":"c246f811-16bd-4f32-b033-1443f11f6e00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:58:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":415907,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"20260409Artikelbilanganbulatrev1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9298694/v1_covered_7cc56b4d-318f-4dc8-9027-3ec30d338408.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Development of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment Questions on Integer Number","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"discover-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diedu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Education](https://www.springer.com/journal/44217)","snPcode":"44217","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44217/3","title":"Discover Education","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment, an integer number","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eIntegers are one of the materials that is often studied in mathematics learning. However, students still have difficulty learning whole numbers. Student difficulties can be detected through a series of tests.students' abilities and weaknesses can be detected through a series of tests. Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) is a form of assessment that can provide detailed information regarding students' abilities and weaknesses so that the result can be used by teachers as a consideration to improve the way they teach. The purpose of this research is to develop diagnostic test questions on integers using the CDA framework. This study uses the Tessmer model. The diagnostic test questions developed were 40 questions with three attributes, namely A1 consists of comparing integers, A2 addition and subtraction of integers, and A3 multiplication and division of integers. The research subjects were 113 seventh-grade students from three junior high schools in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, based on three consideration schools with low, medium, and high categories. Data from the trial results were analyzed using the R package GDINA program. The results showed that all integer items met the valid and reliable criteria for questions on A1, namely 0.9961, A2, namely 0.9954, and A3, namely 0.9976. This problem can be used to measure students' abilities and weaknesses on a wider scale for integer numbers.\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Development of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment Questions on Integer Number","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-29 11:57:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9298694/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-12T12:23:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-09T01:54:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-29T07:28:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-27T12:47:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-26T07:03:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-24T05:19:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"279765060378471405247071669121631518383","date":"2026-04-23T06:22:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"240063334893157522533222308170999029601","date":"2026-04-23T02:32:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"332073439286894318314296489738222808196","date":"2026-04-23T02:20:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"264152182263066533391030009381901975641","date":"2026-04-23T01:30:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"264091809319876165092990332946854479299","date":"2026-04-21T01:25:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"36571474458533531949594597451089779460","date":"2026-04-21T01:24:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"234016486986753545941505005151128691297","date":"2026-04-21T01:03:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-21T00:59:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-18T06:50:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T09:45:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Education","date":"2026-04-16T08:42:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"discover-education","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diedu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Education](https://www.springer.com/journal/44217)","snPcode":"44217","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44217/3","title":"Discover Education","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5384f93c-7b05-43d1-833c-386a431153c1","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-12T12:23:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-09T01:54:23+00:00","index":47,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-12T13:13:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-29 11:57:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9298694","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9298694","identity":"rs-9298694","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.