All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy

All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy Eugenio Ferrari, Hiroki Ueda, Danny Fainozzi, Taito Osaka, Filippo Bencivenga, and 29 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract A microscopic understanding of matter requires the study of excitations across an extended spatial, time and frequency range. The tens of nanometer lengthscale is crucial for transport phenomena in liquids and crystals. It holds the key to understanding phenomena such as charge, spin and heat diffusion at the frontier of diffusive and ballistic regimes. At the nanometer scale, disorder, diffusion, and relevant physical phenomena deviate from classical descriptions. It also covers the dynamics of charge/spin ordering and of the lattice. Opticaldomain transient gratings (TG) spectroscopy demonstrated access to all relevant degrees of freedom (e.g. charge, lattice, orbital and spin) of matter, but are limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG spectroscopy has represented a major leap forward as it allowed access to mesoscopic scales. 1–4 Using hard X-rays for excitation and probing can extend TG spectroscopy beyond the aforementioned length scales. While hard X-ray generated TGs and their probing by optical pulses were recently reported, 5,6 here we present an X-ray TG (XTG) study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our study establishes key ingredients that allow previously inaccessible length (and therefore, momentum) regions. Ultrafast all X-ray TG thus emerges as a complementary approach to methods, such as inelastic neutron7 and X-ray8 scattering techniques, that are commonly used in the study of microscopic transport phenomena. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/X-rays Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/Ultrafast photonics Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4819983","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":335354181,"identity":"773dd08a-a558-464d-af19-0862c8063d2c","order_by":0,"name":"Eugenio Ferrari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eugenio","middleName":"","lastName":"Ferrari","suffix":""},{"id":335354182,"identity":"b649c172-65f4-4baa-ba91-bb38a39bfc05","order_by":1,"name":"Hiroki Ueda","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-7930","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiroki","middleName":"","lastName":"Ueda","suffix":""},{"id":335354183,"identity":"152d7c70-395f-4f12-bc2d-73ee12aca1ca","order_by":2,"name":"Danny Fainozzi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Applied physics, University of Bern","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Danny","middleName":"","lastName":"Fainozzi","suffix":""},{"id":335354184,"identity":"2380c8cf-b7f9-4fff-8348-c5fe3c218665","order_by":3,"name":"Taito Osaka","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-9737","institution":"RIKEN","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taito","middleName":"","lastName":"Osaka","suffix":""},{"id":335354185,"identity":"81cc8092-d39a-4fa4-a6de-34f3cc0e4065","order_by":4,"name":"Filippo Bencivenga","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Filippo","middleName":"","lastName":"Bencivenga","suffix":""},{"id":335354186,"identity":"12ad8697-6859-498b-8114-b1259536fd94","order_by":5,"name":"Max Burian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"DECTRIS Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Max","middleName":"","lastName":"Burian","suffix":""},{"id":335354187,"identity":"8b830507-a300-4bdc-aa1f-ac72e12c2797","order_by":6,"name":"Pietro Carrara","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-7591","institution":"Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di Milano","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pietro","middleName":"","lastName":"Carrara","suffix":""},{"id":335354188,"identity":"b0744ad5-c2c2-4f1b-9b8f-1a7be56226a4","order_by":7,"name":"Joan Vila-Comamala","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institut","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joan","middleName":"","lastName":"Vila-Comamala","suffix":""},{"id":335354189,"identity":"a99617e1-185f-4302-990d-f52fe9351619","order_by":8,"name":"Riccardo Cucini","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-1409","institution":"IOM-CNR","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Riccardo","middleName":"","lastName":"Cucini","suffix":""},{"id":335354190,"identity":"9fbcf629-1b53-47d0-891c-98112cb338de","order_by":9,"name":"Christian David","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institut","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christian","middleName":"","lastName":"David","suffix":""},{"id":335354191,"identity":"3167ea49-81bd-463a-aacd-6dcca5e88804","order_by":10,"name":"Alessandro Gessini","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alessandro","middleName":"","lastName":"Gessini","suffix":""},{"id":335354192,"identity":"1fc5eac1-3009-42da-86f7-d7e880be948b","order_by":11,"name":"Simon Gerber","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5717-2626","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institut","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Simon","middleName":"","lastName":"Gerber","suffix":""},{"id":335354193,"identity":"f62f6f3a-be2d-412e-ac07-781a8722e0c9","order_by":12,"name":"Andrii Goloborodko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"PWGP Labs, Bucha, Kyiv Region","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andrii","middleName":"","lastName":"Goloborodko","suffix":""},{"id":335354194,"identity":"8914805e-a347-40fe-b539-b100727421c1","order_by":13,"name":"Aleš Hrabec","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-1962","institution":"ETH","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aleš","middleName":"","lastName":"Hrabec","suffix":""},{"id":335354195,"identity":"0783069c-b654-4b5a-9973-1b1cf4465171","order_by":14,"name":"Ichiro Inoue","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0423-1347","institution":"RIKEN","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ichiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Inoue","suffix":""},{"id":335354196,"identity":"6d69e969-501c-4cd2-ae49-55ed93f232bf","order_by":15,"name":"Yuichi Inubushi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Inubushi","suffix":""},{"id":335354197,"identity":"8dba2021-dda3-4a51-b778-7b5f61bbc6b2","order_by":16,"name":"Ludmila Diniz Leroy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"DECTRIS Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ludmila","middleName":"Diniz","lastName":"Leroy","suffix":""},{"id":335354198,"identity":"9b67a1c8-9a91-4328-8406-a9d8ea1d4e10","order_by":17,"name":"Benedikt Roesner","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-5904","institution":"Paul-Scherrer-Institut","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benedikt","middleName":"","lastName":"Roesner","suffix":""},{"id":335354199,"identity":"5e6b9c20-0224-451d-a244-b2580cd83b92","order_by":18,"name":"Jérémy Rouxel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jérémy","middleName":"","lastName":"Rouxel","suffix":""},{"id":335354200,"identity":"c216ef10-0e78-45d3-878f-2f0da8f7b554","order_by":19,"name":"Carles Serrat","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-1938","institution":"Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carles","middleName":"","lastName":"Serrat","suffix":""},{"id":335354201,"identity":"39e17b18-4012-4ee3-82ba-e2b5dd503894","order_by":20,"name":"Valerio Scagnoli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institute - ETH Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Valerio","middleName":"","lastName":"Scagnoli","suffix":""},{"id":335354202,"identity":"e50ac190-6a91-4c0b-8a24-54e5e66876f0","order_by":21,"name":"Kensuke Tono","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-3759","institution":"Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kensuke","middleName":"","lastName":"Tono","suffix":""},{"id":335354203,"identity":"c6c1f97c-1bfb-47ea-89ca-c15cccb5aca8","order_by":22,"name":"Makina Yabashi","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-1684","institution":"RIKEN SPring-8 Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Makina","middleName":"","lastName":"Yabashi","suffix":""},{"id":335354204,"identity":"43f1083a-aa6d-4b19-b19a-d4a08392ced7","order_by":23,"name":"Jumpei Yamada","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-4327","institution":"Osaka University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jumpei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamada","suffix":""},{"id":335354205,"identity":"f589ea73-6bb2-43c8-bd31-140376c738ff","order_by":24,"name":"Kohei Yamamoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NanoTerasu center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kohei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamamoto","suffix":""},{"id":335354206,"identity":"d7b334c7-2353-4c4e-80fc-cbfa8a6cd87a","order_by":25,"name":"Marie Zdora","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institut","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zdora","suffix":""},{"id":335354207,"identity":"0353ef31-a89a-477a-874e-79aa89acc9e5","order_by":26,"name":"Martin Beye","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Fysikum, Stockholm University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Martin","middleName":"","lastName":"Beye","suffix":""},{"id":335354208,"identity":"4a64b21c-6895-4811-8e2f-e41c9b031ca3","order_by":27,"name":"Riccardo Mincigrucci","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-6256","institution":"Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Riccardo","middleName":"","lastName":"Mincigrucci","suffix":""},{"id":335354210,"identity":"83a72368-e486-460b-b4a1-562b547ced09","order_by":28,"name":"Eugenio Paris","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-8828","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eugenio","middleName":"","lastName":"Paris","suffix":""},{"id":335354211,"identity":"674fe2ff-6998-49e3-a3fa-89c39ac5c827","order_by":29,"name":"Bill Pedrini","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-7874","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bill","middleName":"","lastName":"Pedrini","suffix":""},{"id":335354213,"identity":"19afc091-1f04-45d1-a9dc-493fe9e0dbb9","order_by":30,"name":"Claudio Masciovecchio","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-3522","institution":"Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claudio","middleName":"","lastName":"Masciovecchio","suffix":""},{"id":335354214,"identity":"d8db8d57-a334-4baa-b096-f83ba05e6f58","order_by":31,"name":"Majed Chergui","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-226X","institution":"Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Majed","middleName":"","lastName":"Chergui","suffix":""},{"id":335354215,"identity":"108912c2-309e-489f-8f91-63c8b043a0d4","order_by":32,"name":"Urs Staub","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-3367","institution":"Paul Scherrer Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Urs","middleName":"","lastName":"Staub","suffix":""},{"id":335354216,"identity":"648769a6-15ec-41bb-85ed-ab595ed42794","order_by":33,"name":"Cristian Svetina","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYGBgMYB8jgZ2ZgkCCo5QBMC4gh2UxQC0glMsPgAAEt/LMPN3/+UGCXx8B/xvDxh4I78sbHuRNvfKhhkDPvX4BVi8S5xDaJAwbJxQwSOcYGBwyeGW47zLvZcsYxBmOZGw+wajHgYWwDeoE5sUGCLQ2o9zAjUMs2aR42hsQZEgdwaWn+cMCgPrGB/1j6D6AW+83NQC1//uHV0gAyPLGBIfkYA4ixgRmoBWh14gz+Bux+OcPYJnHG4DjQR8mHgYzDyTNAfuntkzCWwBFu/D3sjz9U/KlO7Oc/2AhkHLbt7z+78caPbzZyEvzYHQYHbOjWA1ECfi3YXEDAllEwCkbBKBgpAAD0TmCMasfS2AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"IMDEA Nanoscience","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cristian","middleName":"","lastName":"Svetina","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-29 07:41:52","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66191842,"identity":"51fc197c-6203-47eb-877d-f0906fde7606","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-08 14:21:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1255861,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AXTGSACLANatPhot.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4819983/v2_covered_3050eafe-1f10-442d-8098-21deff74c34d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA microscopic understanding of matter requires the study of excitations across an extended spatial, time and frequency range. The tens of nanometer lengthscale is crucial for transport phenomena in liquids and crystals. It holds the key to understanding phenomena such as charge, spin and heat diffusion at the frontier of diffusive and ballistic regimes. At the nanometer scale, disorder, diffusion, and relevant physical phenomena deviate from classical descriptions. It also covers the dynamics of charge/spin ordering and of the lattice. Opticaldomain transient gratings (TG) spectroscopy demonstrated access to all relevant degrees of freedom (e.g. charge, lattice, orbital and spin) of matter, but are limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG spectroscopy has represented a major leap forward as it allowed access to mesoscopic scales. 1–4 Using hard X-rays for excitation and probing can extend TG spectroscopy beyond the aforementioned length scales. While hard X-ray generated TGs and their probing by optical pulses were recently reported, 5,6 here we present an X-ray TG (XTG) study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our study establishes key ingredients that allow previously inaccessible length (and therefore, momentum) regions. Ultrafast all X-ray TG thus emerges as a complementary approach to methods, such as inelastic neutron7 and X-ray8 scattering techniques, that are commonly used in the study of microscopic transport phenomena.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2024-10-08 14:05:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-02 18:11:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4819983/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b91be2de-53a0-4d87-819f-c74ba8bb9c05","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 8th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":35519868,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics"},{"id":35519869,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/X-rays"},{"id":35519870,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics/Optical physics/Ultrafast photonics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-17T16:35:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-08 14:05:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-4819983","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4819983","identity":"rs-4819983","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}