Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat (Catha edulis forsk) chewers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia

Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat (Catha edulis forsk) chewers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat (Catha edulis forsk) chewers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia Destaw Damtie, Tarik Seyoum This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Khat chewing is associated with lifestyles and dietary habits that have a direct link to the increase of blood glucose levels. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat chewers in Bahir Dar. In this cross-sectional study, 265 khat chewers were selected using snowball sampling. The association and strength of association between DM and risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regressions in SPSS version 25. The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus was 21.1% and 14.0%, respectively. DM was associated with being married, being widowed, chewing khat for 5 to 10 years, chewing 51 to 100 grams of khat per chewing session, medical history of hypertension, sitting for ≥ 3 hours a day for chewing, and having high waist circumference (p < 0.05). The independent predictors of DM in this study were khat chewing frequency of 5 to 7 days a week (AOR = 6.322) and chewing ≥ 100g khat per chewing session (AOR = 4.721). Khat chewers in Bahir Dar show higher diabetes rates than national averages. Key risk factors include frequent, high-quantity khat use. Reducing consumption can lower risk. Associated risk factors Catha edulis prevalence pre-diabetic Diabetes Figures Figure 1 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Tables are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Tables.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4610168","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":329631332,"identity":"1157e4aa-4fa4-431a-ac9f-25eb2690c94b","order_by":0,"name":"Destaw Damtie","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACHgYGOX72BiDLwIJ4LcaSPQdAWiSI15K4YUYCiEmEFvn29osf3lTUJW6QfH51w48CCQb+9u4EvFoYe84US845c9h4u3RO2c0eoMMkzpzdgFcLs0ROgjRv2wHZnbNz0m7wALUYSOTi18Im/yb5N++/OsYNN8+k3fxDjBYeCfZj0rwNzIobbrAfu02ULRI8OWyWc44dBgZyDtttGQMJHoJ+kW8//vjGm5o6YFQef3bzzR8bOf72XvxagE4zQGHwEFAOAuwP0BmjYBSMglEwClABAKZdSMwibgPwAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Destaw","middleName":"","lastName":"Damtie","suffix":""},{"id":329631333,"identity":"46fff1e4-57c4-472e-9b2e-9a45ee8ff65c","order_by":1,"name":"Tarik Seyoum","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tarik","middleName":"","lastName":"Seyoum","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-20 08:09:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60941006,"identity":"7fe4d751-fa27-4a72-8dc3-df3e5f2f1b49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-23 21:00:36","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":442935,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMap of Bahir Dar city administration\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4610168/v1/a1d17b6629464508e4482acf.png"},{"id":74056316,"identity":"29ad48a9-2f1f-4eed-bce9-801d27ee866b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-17 10:39:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":593037,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SeyoumandDamtie2024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4610168/v1_covered_97423687-bcda-493c-8520-92f71db79805.pdf"},{"id":60941012,"identity":"22550231-1b57-4c9b-aada-ee38eca17eba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-23 21:00:36","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":40949,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4610168/v1/bd924fa105d7d28e4cff9787.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat (Catha edulis forsk) chewers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Associated risk factors, Catha edulis, prevalence, pre-diabetic, Diabetes","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eKhat chewing is associated with lifestyles and dietary habits that have a direct link to the increase of blood glucose levels. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat chewers in Bahir Dar. In this cross-sectional study, 265 khat chewers were selected using snowball sampling. The association and strength of association between DM and risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regressions in SPSS version 25. The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus was 21.1% and 14.0%, respectively. DM was associated with being married, being widowed, chewing khat for 5 to 10 years, chewing 51 to 100 grams of khat per chewing session, medical history of hypertension, sitting for \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 hours a day for chewing, and having high waist circumference (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The independent predictors of DM in this study were khat chewing frequency of 5 to 7 days a week (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.322) and chewing\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;100g khat per chewing session (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.721). Khat chewers in Bahir Dar show higher diabetes rates than national averages. Key risk factors include frequent, high-quantity khat use. Reducing consumption can lower risk.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among khat (Catha edulis forsk) chewers in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-23 21:00:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4610168/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2588b011-debc-4eb5-8770-d2cf04f8abb0","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 23rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-17T10:38:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-23 21:00:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4610168","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4610168","identity":"rs-4610168","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}