Miniaturized 3D Coupled-Lines Balun for Millimeter-Wave Applications

2025 · doi:10.22541/au.175637010.03426932/v1
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Abstract

This work presents the design and experimental validation of a miniaturized three-dimensional (3D) balun transformer for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications, implemented using coupled transmission lines fabricated with low-cost metallic nanowire membrane (MnM) technology. The proposed balun achieves high area efficiency and is compatible with scalable three-dimensional chip integration. Measurements across the 40 – 70 GHz range show a magnitude imbalance of less than 0.5 dB and an insertion loss of better than 1.2 dB, with the phase imbalance maintained within ± 5 ◦ up to 55 GHz and gradually increasing at higher frequencies. Occupying only 0 . 0 3 8 mm 2 in a non-semiconductor platform, the MnM-based balun avoids the complexity and high cost of SiGe, BiCMOS, InP, and GaAs implementations, offering a practical and scalable alternative for next-generation mmW systems.
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Abstract

This work presents the design and experimental validation of a miniaturized three-dimensional (3D) balun transformer for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications, implemented using coupled transmission lines fabricated with low-cost metallic nanowire membrane (MnM) technology. The proposed balun achieves high area efficiency and is compatible with scalable three-dimensional chip integration. Measurements across the 40 – 70 GHz range show a magnitude imbalance of less than 0.5 dB and an insertion loss of better than 1.2 dB, with the phase imbalance maintained within ± 5 ◦ up to 55 GHz and gradually increasing at higher frequencies. Occupying only 0 . 0 3 8 mm 2 in a non-semiconductor platform, the MnM-based balun avoids the complexity and high cost of SiGe, BiCMOS, InP, and GaAs implementations, offering a practical and scalable alternative for next-generation mmW systems. Supplementary Material File (miniaturized_3d_coupled_lines_balun_for_millimeter_wave_applications.pdf) - Download - 962.07 KB Information & Authors Information Version history Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License.

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Authors Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 377views 147downloads Citations Download citation Luis Q. Cartagena, Bruno Sanches, Ariana L. C. Serrano, et al. Miniaturized 3D Coupled-Lines Balun for Millimeter-Wave Applications. Authorea. 28 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175637010.03426932/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175637010.03426932/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

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last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00