Numerical Simulation Study on Cold Expansion of Metal- Composite Laminated Structures Bushings

Numerical Simulation Study on Cold Expansion of Metal- Composite Laminated Structures Bushings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Numerical Simulation Study on Cold Expansion of Metal- Composite Laminated Structures Bushings Yubing Li, Wuzhu Yan, Xing Wang, Zhihong Guo, Chenjian Pei This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7538476/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the increasing use of composites in aircraft and other aerospace vehicles, the fatigue strength of bolted connections between metals and composites has become increasingly critical. Cold expansion of bushings is widely employed to mitigate stress concentration around holes, thereby enhancing the fatigue life of materials. This study conducted a numerical simulation to compare and analyze the residual stress, equivalent plastic strain, and contact pressure around holes in metal-composite laminated structures after cold expansion using two types of bushings. The results demonstrated that, compared to single bushing, dual bushings generated greater residual compressive stress, equivalent plastic strain, and contact pressure at both the entry and exit sides of the laminated structure. Furthermore, dual bushings induced less expansion damage around the composite hole. Metal-Composite laminated structures Bushings Residual stress Hole cold expansion Numerical simulation Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 09 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 05 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7538476","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512929094,"identity":"2dec3ee2-643f-45dc-8ed0-6279e7df12d7","order_by":0,"name":"Yubing Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGBmYGAwYGfiDnwAOYMA8eLWwwLZINQC0JRGlhAGkBAoMDQII4Lew8ZtIFBXfsNl87/BBoy53E7RIJjA/etjHIm+N0GFDLDINnydtupxkAtTxL3DkjgdlwbhuD4c4GPFp4DA4nm91OAGk5nLvhRgKbNG8bQwLYqfi0GM9O/wDTwv6bGC12BtI5CFuY8WthK7aeYXA4QeJ2TsGBBIPD9Tt7HjZLzjknYbgBhxZ+/sMbbxf8OWzPPzt984cPFYeNzdmTD354U2Yjj8sWBgYOAxCZ2ADmGIAQI4gtgUs9ELA/AJH2cL4BHrWjYBSMglEwMgEAy3ZZQ8M0ey0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and Architecture","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yubing","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":512929095,"identity":"04ffcc57-3295-4b23-bd77-eac9eb7f0fca","order_by":1,"name":"Wuzhu Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wuzhu","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":512929096,"identity":"69de278b-296c-4639-961e-a4eaa3b645ef","order_by":2,"name":"Xing Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xing","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":512929097,"identity":"04436ae4-44a0-4be1-973f-c9d1d54e8c21","order_by":3,"name":"Zhihong Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhihong","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":512929098,"identity":"b846ddf5-e076-4bda-ab5b-168a5c1254c1","order_by":4,"name":"Chenjian Pei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenjian","middleName":"","lastName":"Pei","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-04 18:03:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7538476/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7538476/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91566012,"identity":"c1e90cca-132e-4e0b-bbba-dbb08a098583","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 19:36:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1318174,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7538476/v1_covered_0983344f-31a9-425e-905b-63f0b591ef34.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Numerical Simulation Study on Cold Expansion of Metal- Composite Laminated Structures Bushings","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"the-international-journal-of-advanced-manufacturing-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jamt","sideBox":"Learn more about [The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/170)","snPcode":"170","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/170/3","title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Metal-Composite laminated structures, Bushings, Residual stress, Hole cold expansion, Numerical simulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7538476/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7538476/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWith the increasing use of composites in aircraft and other aerospace vehicles, the fatigue strength of bolted connections between metals and composites has become increasingly critical. Cold expansion of bushings is widely employed to mitigate stress concentration around holes, thereby enhancing the fatigue life of materials. This study conducted a numerical simulation to compare and analyze the residual stress, equivalent plastic strain, and contact pressure around holes in metal-composite laminated structures after cold expansion using two types of bushings. The results demonstrated that, compared to single bushing, dual bushings generated greater residual compressive stress, equivalent plastic strain, and contact pressure at both the entry and exit sides of the laminated structure. 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