In-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite-SiO₂ reinforced MgO bioceramic via Dual Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: Structural and biodegradable properties

In-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite-SiO₂ reinforced MgO bioceramic via Dual Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: Structural and biodegradable properties | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article In-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite-SiO₂ reinforced MgO bioceramic via Dual Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: Structural and biodegradable properties Fariba Momeni, Mohammad Reza Rahimipour, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Khoei, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7527181/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the present work, hydroxyapatite (HA) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) was in-situ synthesized in a MgO bioceramic on AZ31 via sequential dual plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). This process integrates bioactive compounds into the coating, which results in a dense and functional surface with significantly enhanced corrosion resistance and biological response. The structural response of resulting films indicated that the first PEO in silicate electrolyte yielded MgO-SiO₂ hierarchical porous coating with relatively big pores, while using the second PEO in calcium glycerol phosphate (CaGP) can be resulted in synthesized HA in the pancake-like areas and inner pores of MgO-SiO₂ film and diminished porosity to 8.63% and an average pore size of 3.5 µm². In vitro bioactivity assessment clarified that the simultaneous presence of SiO 2 and HA in the modified PEO coating with an optimum morphology and an average thickness of 37 µm leads to the significant the biological sustainability of magnesium due to development of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite-rich regions over 3 to 10 days of exposure in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the biodegradation results revealed that HA-SiO₂ reinforced PEO coating as a result of the second PEO had retained a remarkable 16-fold increase in its protective performance after a 10-day cycle. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Dual PEO Biodegradable Modified bioceramic Hydroxyapatite silicon dioxide Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files graphicalabstrac.doc Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 16 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7527181","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":519786066,"identity":"d369f5c9-3887-4bee-9b1a-9f7dd3ed2148","order_by":0,"name":"Fariba Momeni","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Materials and Energy Research Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fariba","middleName":"","lastName":"Momeni","suffix":""},{"id":519786067,"identity":"9cbab3cc-dadd-4c46-a144-2fcd7054cb60","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Reza 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properties","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Dual PEO, Biodegradable, Modified bioceramic, Hydroxyapatite, silicon dioxide","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7527181/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7527181/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn the present work, hydroxyapatite (HA) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) was in-situ synthesized in a MgO bioceramic on AZ31 via sequential dual plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). This process integrates bioactive compounds into the coating, which results in a dense and functional surface with significantly enhanced corrosion resistance and biological response. The structural response of resulting films indicated that the first PEO in silicate electrolyte yielded MgO-SiO₂ hierarchical porous coating with relatively big pores, while using the second PEO in calcium glycerol phosphate (CaGP) can be resulted in synthesized HA in the pancake-like areas and inner pores of MgO-SiO₂ film and diminished porosity to 8.63% and an average pore size of 3.5 \u0026micro;m\u0026sup2;. In vitro bioactivity assessment clarified that the simultaneous presence of SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and HA in the modified PEO coating with an optimum morphology and an average thickness of 37 \u0026micro;m leads to the significant the biological sustainability of magnesium due to development of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite-rich regions over 3 to 10 days of exposure in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the biodegradation results revealed that HA-SiO₂ reinforced PEO coating as a result of the second PEO had retained a remarkable 16-fold increase in its protective performance after a 10-day cycle.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"In-situ synthesis of hydroxyapatite-SiO₂ reinforced MgO bioceramic via Dual Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: Structural and biodegradable properties","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-29 11:21:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7527181/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-06T11:52:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T03:17:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T08:32:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"83859799176032856632078511272365590136","date":"2025-09-18T12:19:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"216931798454548119735261936852785725516","date":"2025-09-18T10:43:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"173213627384951460237506118440143872751","date":"2025-09-18T10:16:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T09:19:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-16T06:06:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T09:21:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-03T12:40:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"955011a3-2a0f-46ef-8a13-8742b99fb895","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":55241678,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":55241679,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":55241680,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T16:04:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7527181","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29962-8","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-27 15:57:03","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-29 11:21:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-29962-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29962-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7527181","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7527181","identity":"rs-7527181","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}