Effects of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services: a case study of Ruoergai Plateau

Effects of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services: a case study of Ruoergai Plateau | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Effects of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services: a case study of Ruoergai Plateau jiali zhou, wende Chen, yankun cai, Yichen meng, Yuelin wang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates the impact of landscape patterns on ecosystem services in the Ruoergai Plateau from 1990 to 2020. Ecosystem services play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of natural ecosystems and facilitating socio-economic development. Using the InVEST model, it quantifies and assesses carbon storage, soil conservation, water yield, and habitat quality. Correlation analysis is employed to explore the interrelationships and constraints among different ecosystem services, while stepwise regression analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation are utilized to investigate the impact mechanisms of landscape patterns on ecosystem services. Results indicate that the Ruoergai Plateau has experienced changes and transitions in land use, with grasslands being the primary type showing a decreasing trend. Landscape patterns have significantly altered, with a mitigation of fragmentation observed. Overall, ecosystem services show a declining trend initially followed by an increase. Carbon stock showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2010, with a significant increase from 2010 to 2020 and an increase of 0.41×10 8 t. The average carbon density and stock in the study area in 2020 reached 78.48 t . hm -2 and 3.64×10 8 t, which were mainly concentrated in the wetland and forested land, distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts of the study area. There exist varied trade-offs and coordination among ecosystem services across different regions and temporal scales, while demonstrating a certain correlation with landscape indices. These findings enhance our understanding of how landscape pattern dynamics shape ecosystem service functions, providing valuable insights for regional ecological management and sustainable development. Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences landscape pattern ecosystem services InVEST model Ruoergai Plateau Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 18 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 17 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7561524","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":530304635,"identity":"a8f8d29f-e863-4f29-9210-18c3fc0f0db3","order_by":0,"name":"jiali zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"jiali","middleName":"","lastName":"zhou","suffix":""},{"id":530304636,"identity":"d2718bf2-e6c1-4975-9738-da57517122cd","order_by":1,"name":"wende Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQjF2MDeAGUfIFoLzwEgO4EkLRIJRGrhn9187DFPxR3ZfsnHD2/z/mCQ47uRwPi5AJ8ld46lG/OceWY8c3aasTVPAoOx5I0EZukZeLQYSOSYSee2HU7ccDuHTRqoJXHDjQQ2Zh68WvK/Sef+O5y4/+YZsJZ6IrQADc9tANoiwQPWkmBASIvEjTQz6T/HDhvPOJNmbDknTcJw5pmHzdL4tPDPSH4mOaPmsGx/++GHN97Y2MjzHU8++BmfFgxbGUBxRIKGUTAKRsEoGAXYAABeFUqSczshCAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"wende","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":530304638,"identity":"14147858-4396-404b-bb4d-15bd7162b55d","order_by":2,"name":"yankun cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"yankun","middleName":"","lastName":"cai","suffix":""},{"id":530304639,"identity":"21025194-b710-4243-944b-63792829bb38","order_by":3,"name":"Yichen meng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yichen","middleName":"","lastName":"meng","suffix":""},{"id":530304641,"identity":"45419d82-8061-4a0e-843b-40017f30232f","order_by":4,"name":"Yuelin wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuelin","middleName":"","lastName":"wang","suffix":""},{"id":530304643,"identity":"64eb6e82-8445-438f-90d8-18e94f2679ca","order_by":5,"name":"qiuyun liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"qiuyun","middleName":"","lastName":"liu","suffix":""},{"id":530304645,"identity":"ef40e8cb-cdce-446c-800a-2e0813f7866d","order_by":6,"name":"Shuaihao luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuaihao","middleName":"","lastName":"luo","suffix":""},{"id":530304646,"identity":"4952c58b-1357-4cfa-b261-3c334546e2e8","order_by":7,"name":"Junsheng peng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chengdu University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junsheng","middleName":"","lastName":"peng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-08 08:08:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28635-w","type":"published","date":"2025-12-06T15:57:16+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93802604,"identity":"127738a9-9c4b-40dc-ad61-cceda78f96f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":31112032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0908Manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/3fa118d84caea533f2e63271.docx"},{"id":93801759,"identity":"e9a2093b-bef9-4035-9e5f-31153eb14e58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9345,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"fa6ff7f2ebae4f0aa351e2b494926176.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/d096887d54f61ea875f3191a.json"},{"id":93801761,"identity":"1364edd2-0ae0-4320-b141-185143084cf1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":210139,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"fa6ff7f2ebae4f0aa351e2b4949261761enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/c9eb4664600100b7ea5463ab.xml"},{"id":93801760,"identity":"85bdc0ca-28d6-4ac9-8d41-9ab25dba3845","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":654793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/4944a99699589589464f8d0f.jpeg"},{"id":93802601,"identity":"09ad3fd2-b967-483c-8ed3-167a0ee033a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1201023,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/1e55d87e52d13973f9521276.png"},{"id":93802347,"identity":"8a4e6d8c-b4ae-4aef-8e65-9c96fe98b075","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2300737,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/baa5bf8b596863318cbd1992.jpeg"},{"id":93801764,"identity":"a93baaa9-3163-42c9-af1e-2d073099e646","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2226029,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/5ab66527fc02a7062ce9a0d2.jpeg"},{"id":93801766,"identity":"066de14a-9cf7-4deb-ac83-f4d3ae5f89bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2326275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/63a87b071343381a2d7e409b.jpeg"},{"id":93801767,"identity":"23242fd5-e19a-4ef1-887c-06cd0bd4ce6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2231561,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/6070530e972cdb40c596ad37.jpeg"},{"id":93802602,"identity":"0cc0af0b-130f-4e70-854e-70e6007ffbd8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":122488,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/940dd8ec0f7d1cc4df0f21ad.png"},{"id":93801770,"identity":"f8bc7238-cdc3-477c-9451-7dcd55483f81","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":305389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/c8e862789e2d9d941a5d639e.jpeg"},{"id":93802349,"identity":"a8ac68e6-d9e9-4319-bc75-16b1a69bbc33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":95687,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/614a9ef9aa90186a786f1f44.png"},{"id":93802350,"identity":"57dfb46b-24b3-4ce4-8d52-4901c8fd583b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":570693,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/e2a8d91a87ca32a0be4dc524.png"},{"id":93801773,"identity":"1c7351e5-842f-4cba-86eb-bc62c8f25b6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3865545,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/a4ed792804f6c97df9094165.png"},{"id":93802355,"identity":"ded7c357-c370-48f2-ae38-287570b5df8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4781453,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/042d7e6e1baa0ef5d9a616ae.png"},{"id":93801791,"identity":"2d0598cc-bffb-4cf8-bf0b-91ba4907af59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:21","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2869808,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/83f3d9245c540dc992491011.png"},{"id":93801774,"identity":"59c8cd99-01b5-4138-ba37-36b76017417f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":814269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/6d4d20eb350c5d8c63ab1a44.png"},{"id":93802605,"identity":"11f2659b-e8d1-4b3e-ae3d-b848643a35a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":200249,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/9aaef6d5133a0461f9a198ed.png"},{"id":93802603,"identity":"fd0c30bb-c818-4969-86f8-589a89c0ef5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":124299,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/e1291494a63312c38344c537.png"},{"id":93801772,"identity":"829af966-4488-4a9e-8a80-2e63d589c2cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":577379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/2acf804e1c0f9819a576e2aa.png"},{"id":93801787,"identity":"c44767d6-7de2-4e41-a874-6caabb4c9ace","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":571219,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/0de0a23c263529ad227cc489.png"},{"id":93802353,"identity":"13d454c1-413f-4874-85d4-e752a1a68bb7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":628577,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/c20202b2e68f771daa4071ee.png"},{"id":93802357,"identity":"caf85ee8-0ede-41d0-a90f-ab52f5b0f7b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":565931,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/8e7a9ce1ae1ce4cb4830ffd2.png"},{"id":93801780,"identity":"52855003-8ec7-4bd6-b2e1-810a5b1e3ae3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/a4f62521c2fafa20143cb3cc.png"},{"id":93801777,"identity":"12ad08e7-b0a7-4041-8a7c-09865d21b4f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":119940,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/d3f3a04a613e37b999952054.png"},{"id":93801785,"identity":"76e42434-61dd-448c-9a38-743c9d36765a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22081,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/d207c89b08e30f3fcff6b44c.png"},{"id":93802361,"identity":"6ff2564c-29e5-41c3-af21-2145f3e91185","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":149185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/c5b7a4165570567d156358bc.png"},{"id":93801781,"identity":"aaf7e7bd-c7a8-4ae3-b8d3-79d76e57253f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":587498,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/5827e149c3be687db9407c61.png"},{"id":93801789,"identity":"6de2cb31-fdef-4a5a-8e96-bc22780fef17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:21","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":599013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/69d55d699edaa80e6ccef600.png"},{"id":93802356,"identity":"63117421-7509-4b49-9a60-400d09a28b7a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":547581,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/da444fc187cba4d23b96fe83.png"},{"id":93802360,"identity":"391e8c17-f18f-4c30-9848-729d975e847b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:12:20","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":160738,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/606ad64112abaf3a6a0badb9.png"},{"id":93802606,"identity":"046fde60-ef04-4ba6-a886-d05251816387","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:20:20","extension":"xml","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":208956,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"fa6ff7f2ebae4f0aa351e2b4949261761structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/a2dad4d3a913c484e8060aba.xml"},{"id":93801778,"identity":"85627db4-4016-4435-b803-dc99925a1e3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 17:04:20","extension":"html","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":225981,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1/91983a035ad239cd289c0705.html"},{"id":97724110,"identity":"893b3b24-e90e-438f-904a-45ad25ccafae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:11:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3316262,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0908Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7561524/v1_covered_dfd9c81b-d964-4905-9747-8d588504045f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effects of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services: a case study of Ruoergai Plateau","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"landscape pattern, ecosystem services, InVEST model, Ruoergai Plateau","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigates the impact of landscape patterns on ecosystem services in the Ruoergai Plateau from 1990 to 2020. Ecosystem services play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of natural ecosystems and facilitating socio-economic development. Using the InVEST model, it quantifies and assesses carbon storage, soil conservation, water yield, and habitat quality. Correlation analysis is employed to explore the interrelationships and constraints among different ecosystem services, while stepwise regression analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation are utilized to investigate the impact mechanisms of landscape patterns on ecosystem services. Results indicate that the Ruoergai Plateau has experienced changes and transitions in land use, with grasslands being the primary type showing a decreasing trend. Landscape patterns have significantly altered, with a mitigation of fragmentation observed. Overall, ecosystem services show a declining trend initially followed by an increase. Carbon stock showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2010, with a significant increase from 2010 to 2020 and an increase of 0.41×10\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e t. The average carbon density and stock in the study area in 2020 reached 78.48 t\u003csup\u003e.\u003c/sup\u003ehm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e and 3.64×10\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e t, which were mainly concentrated in the wetland and forested land, distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts of the study area. There exist varied trade-offs and coordination among ecosystem services across different regions and temporal scales, while demonstrating a certain correlation with landscape indices. These findings enhance our understanding of how landscape pattern dynamics shape ecosystem service functions, providing valuable insights for regional ecological management and sustainable development.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services: a case study of Ruoergai Plateau","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-17 17:04:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7561524/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-15T23:45:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T14:17:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-10T13:19:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"92646979070116985925421812067058616913","date":"2025-10-06T14:48:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"284651074297027643349102595350983508819","date":"2025-10-06T13:31:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T13:24:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T09:02:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-17T17:07:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-16T09:07:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-16T09:00:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"782e3e3e-cee8-4af5-b923-19acb04c2562","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":56373685,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology"},{"id":56373686,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":56373687,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T16:07:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7561524","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28635-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-06 15:57:16","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 6th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-17 17:04:15","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-28635-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28635-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7561524","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7561524","identity":"rs-7561524","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}