High-resolution carbon footprint tracing within and between China’s two provincial capitals

High-resolution carbon footprint tracing within and between China’s two provincial capitals | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article High-resolution carbon footprint tracing within and between China’s two provincial capitals Yonghua Liu, Xiaowei Chuai, Ying Xu, Jiqun Wen, Haidong Li, Junyu Lu, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7484402/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Carbon Balance and Management → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cities are the primary sources of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and they are closely interconnected. Therefore, high-resolution carbon emission checking and the tracking of carbon flows within and between cities are crucial for carbon emissions reduction and regional coordinated development. However, current research in both directions remains insufficient and requires further exploration. Accordingly, this study selected two big and tight interacted cities with high carbon emissions level from the urban agglomeration along the Yangtze River, China's longest and largest river. The research employs two methodologies to address these gaps. The first monitors carbon emissions in high resolution and the second checks the indirect carbon flow hotspots between the two cities. Results found that both cities showed a significant increasing trend for total carbon emissions from 2000 to 2020. The peak for Nanjing was in 2018, 2648.09×10 4 t, and Changsha’s peak was in 2017, reaching 2202.51.15×10 4 t. Industry is always the main contributor to carbon emissions, but the percentage is decreasing. Generally, carbon emissions in Nanjing are distributed more spatially intensively than in Changsha. There was a similar regularity of carbon emissions in spatial distribution for both cities from urban residential, commercial and traffic sectors, with higher values in the core urban areas. Through population flow and trade, Changsha pulled 2.65×10 4 t carbon emissions in Nanjing, and the reversed amount that Changsha pulled in Nanjing is 1.87×10 4 t. Generally, Nanjing has a slight advantage over Changsha regarding the higher carbon emissions produced there. This research holds significant implications for the development of low - carbon cities and the promotion of coordinated regional development. city carbon emissions carbon footprint high resolution hotspots spatial Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Carbon Balance and Management → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 28 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 13 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7484402","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":533661717,"identity":"221bf7c8-78dd-473d-b928-b6678943c0f0","order_by":0,"name":"Yonghua Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yonghua","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":533661719,"identity":"2f187ca8-5941-4406-b20f-36d402919545","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaowei 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capitals\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"carbon-balance-and-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cbam","sideBox":"Learn more about [Carbon Balance and Management](https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13021","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13021/3","title":"Carbon Balance and Management","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"city, carbon emissions, carbon footprint, high resolution, hotspots, spatial","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7484402/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7484402/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCities are the primary sources of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and they are closely interconnected. Therefore, high-resolution carbon emission checking and the tracking of carbon flows within and between cities are crucial for carbon emissions reduction and regional coordinated development. However, current research in both directions remains insufficient and requires further exploration. Accordingly, this study selected two big and tight interacted cities with high carbon emissions level from the urban agglomeration along the Yangtze River, China's longest and largest river. The research employs two methodologies to address these gaps. The first monitors carbon emissions in high resolution and the second checks the indirect carbon flow hotspots between the two cities. Results found that both cities showed a significant increasing trend for total carbon emissions from 2000 to 2020. The peak for Nanjing was in 2018, 2648.09\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e t, and Changsha\u0026rsquo;s peak was in 2017, reaching 2202.51.15\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e t. Industry is always the main contributor to carbon emissions, but the percentage is decreasing. Generally, carbon emissions in Nanjing are distributed more spatially intensively than in Changsha. There was a similar regularity of carbon emissions in spatial distribution for both cities from urban residential, commercial and traffic sectors, with higher values in the core urban areas. Through population flow and trade, Changsha pulled 2.65\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e t carbon emissions in Nanjing, and the reversed amount that Changsha pulled in Nanjing is 1.87\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e t. Generally, Nanjing has a slight advantage over Changsha regarding the higher carbon emissions produced there. This research holds significant implications for the development of low - carbon cities and the promotion of coordinated regional development.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"High-resolution carbon footprint tracing within and between China’s two provincial capitals","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-27 11:36:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7484402/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-11T03:12:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T04:24:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-29T02:28:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"285107307400578693884193534562230186843","date":"2025-10-13T03:59:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"335088795915875311295198465554832520445","date":"2025-10-13T01:56:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T01:49:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T05:37:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T05:36:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Carbon Balance and Management","date":"2025-08-29T03:08:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"carbon-balance-and-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cbam","sideBox":"Learn more about [Carbon Balance and Management](https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13021","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13021/3","title":"Carbon Balance and Management","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2df1d089-6585-48c0-82da-7069596cd600","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-26T16:05:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7484402","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00394-1","journal":{"identity":"carbon-balance-and-management","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Carbon Balance and Management"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-24 15:57:45","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 24th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-27 11:36:07","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13021-025-00394-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00394-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7484402","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7484402","identity":"rs-7484402","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}