[Loss of renal function due to deep infiltrating endometriosis; a complicated consideration in women who wish to have children].

Three nulliparous women, aged 39, 34 and 26 years, who were treated for fertility problems and who were affected by endometriosis, presented with ureteral obstruction caused by deep infiltrating endometriosis. The first two patients had complete unilateral loss of kidney function at the time of diagnosis. They chose to have fertility treatment first and both became pregnant. The third patient still had 24% renal function in the affected left kidney. She was treated by complete surgical resection of the endometriosis and reimplantation of the ureter. Ureteral obstruction is a rare, but serious, complication of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Timely recognition is important, since delay results in unnoticed loss of renal function. Clinical investigation for endometriosis of the posterior vaginal fornix is recommended for all patients with chronic abdominal pain, severe dysmenorrhoea or deep dyspareunia. On diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis, further examination is necessary to detect possible ureteral obstruction and consequent hydronephrosis, which can be demonstrated by ultrasound. MRI is of value to map the extent of disease, which is usually multi-focal. Surgery to relieve ureteral obstruction and remove all endometriotic lesions is the treatment of choice if the kidney is still functional.