Aflatoxin B1 Contamination and Fungal Diversity in Oilseed Cakes and Formulated Feeds from Feed Markets in Addis Ababa and Surrounding Areas

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Two hundred and ninety samples of oil seed cakes and formulated feeds were collected. The results indicated that, 92% of poultry ration, 72% of dairy ration, 66% of linseed cake, 64% of noug seed cake, 61% of cotton seed cake, and 36% of soybean cake were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 exceeding the permissible level (20 μg/kg). To evaluate fungal diversity, genomic DNA was extracted, pooled by feed type, and sequenced. The findings revealed variations in the diversity indices of fungal phyla, families, genera and species. The Metabarcoding results revealed Ascomycota as the dominant phylum in all feeds, with Aspergillaceae, Nectriaceae, Botyosphaeriaceae , and Cladosporiaceae being the dominant families accounting for 53%, 43%, 16%, 33%, 11%, and 28% of the total fungal families detected in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5), and dairy ration (S6), respectively. The synergistic presence of multiple fungal species, some of which are known to be harmful, was identified in the feed samples. Among the species, the proportion of Aspergillus flavus found was 1.8%, 3.8%, 0%, 0.4%, 1.2%, and 1.2% in the feeds S1–S6, respectively. The findings highlight the critical need for enhanced feed management practices, improved education and training for feed handlers, and stricter regulatory measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination. oilseed cakes formulated feeds fungal diversity aflatoxin B1 Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Introduction Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa, with approximately 22.17% of its population living in urban areas (UN 2024). The demand for livestock products has been increasing due to population growth and increased urbanization (Menale 2019), leading to a corresponding rise in urban and peri-urban livestock production and a subsequent high demand for feed. Feed is a crucial commodity and a fundamental pillar in achieving the economic, social, and environmental goals of livestock production (Wendimu 2021 ). The quantity and quality of nutrients, as well as advances in feeding science, significantly impact the economic viability of animal husbandry (Bediye et al. 2019). For animals to achieve their genetically selected production potential, nutrients must be made available and partitioned towards productive functions. Feed resources traded in local Ethiopian markets include cereals, agro-industry by-products, crop residues, hay, and green fodder (Yosef et al. 2022 ). Utilizing agro-industry by-products in livestock feed formulation is a common practice. Oilseed cakes, among these by-products, serve as crucial ingredients as protein sources for the growth and development of livestock (Melesse et al. 2023 ). Oilseeds cultivated in Ethiopia include noug seed, sesame, soybean, linseed and cottonseed (Alemaw and Gurmu 2023 ). Although Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa (CSA 2020a), livestock productivity is still limited by feed shortages, poor feed quality (FAO 2019), and high feed costs (Yosef et al. 2022 ). Concentrate feed prices set by the market often disregard feed quality considerations (Melesse et al. 2023 ). The production, processing, handling, storage, and market-related factors significantly influence the quality and safety of feed (Negash 2020 ). Fungal contamination is one of the critical factors affecting feed quality and safety. The diversity of fungi in crops is influenced by pre- and post-harvest conditions, geographical location and weather patterns (Orina et al. 2020 ). Filamentous fungi pose significant challenges to food security and safety because they produce mycotoxins (Avety et al. 2019). Xu et al. ( 2022 ) reported that mycotoxins in animal feeds and food products can cause mycotoxicosis in both humans and animals. Even at low doses, they can disrupt nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism and physiology. Aflatoxins are considered among the most significant mycotoxins affecting both human and animal health globally (Marshall et al. 2020). These toxic compounds, known for their hepatotoxicity and immunosuppressive properties (IARC 2015), can severely reduce feed intake and animal productivity (Xu et al. 2022 ). Aflatoxins are produced primarily by Aspergillus species, which thrive in warm, humid environments and can contaminate a wide range of crops. When livestock consume contaminated feed, toxic residues may accumulate in animal products such as milk or meat, posing potential public health risks through human consumption (Tolosa et al. 2021 ). Nutritional quality of oil seed by-products has been evaluated previously in Ethiopia (Walelegne 2023; Tsehay 2021; and Abdelghani 2008). These analyses provide crucial insights into the composition and suitability of oilseed cakes and other by-products for livestock feed formulations. Concurrently, aflatoxin contamination in these by-products has been assessed (Rehrahie et al. 2018 ; Gizachew et al. 2016 ). Despite these investigations, a substantial gap persists in understanding the fungal diversity within livestock feed. Metagenomic studies, focusing specifically on fungal populations in oilseed cakes and formulated feeds, have not yet been conducted. Such research is crucial, as it can reveal the diverse array of fungal species present, including aflatoxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus , and elucidate their interactions with other fungal communities. This study aims to provide information on the prevalence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin producing fungal species, as well as their co-existence with other mycotoxin producing fungal populations, in selected oilseed cakes and formulated feeds used in Addis Ababa and surrounding districts. Understanding the diversity and co-existence of mycotoxin producing fungi in feeds supports targeted monitoring and regulatory measures to reduce fungal toxin risks in Ethiopia’s feed and food system. Materials and methods Study area The study was conducted in Addis Ababa and surrounding districts (Ada’, Mojo, Adama, Addaberga, Wolmera and Sheno, Sebeta, and Sululta) (Fig. 1 ). These districts are known for small-scale commercial livestock farming in urban and peri-urban areas. Livestock feed markets, primarily located along main roads for easy transportation access, were also present in the districts. The feed markets were identified and randomly selected for this study. Sample collection and preparation From each selected area, feed sellers were randomly selected based on their proximity to main roads. Two hundred and ninety samples, consisting of four types of oilseed cakes (cotton seed cake (S1) n = 38, noug ( Guizotia abyssinica ) seed cake (S2) n = 47, soybean cake (S3) n = 13, linseed cake (S4) n = 53, and two types of formulated feeds (poultry ration (S5) n = 38 and dairy ration (S6) n = 101), were purchased in 2019 for analyses. Thoroughly mixed samples were purchased and put in a double layered kaki paper bag labelled with the type of feed sample, date of collection, district of collection and sample number. The samples were transported to the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) molecular biology laboratory on the collection days and stored in a cold room (4°C). Samples were ground in the ILRI Addis Ababa Feed Nutritional Analysis Laboratory, using a CHRISTY (Christy and Norris limited process engineers Chelmsford England) mill and passed through a 1mm sieve. Between each sample the mill was thoroughly cleaned and vacuumed to prevent cross contamination between samples. Each ground sample was well mixed and representative sub samples were then taken for the Aflatoxin B1 assay and DNA extraction. Aflatoxin analysis The Helica ® Aflatoxin B1 (low matrix) Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 was used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in the samples. The aflatoxin B1 extraction and ELISA procedure for animal feed was executed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Helica Biosystems Inc, Low Matrix ELISA Kit). Briefly, to extract aflatoxin B1, 0.1 g from each ground feed sample was added to 10 ml of 80% acetonitrile (High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, Fisher Scientific, USA). The mixture was shaken in a sealed 15 ml falcon tube for 10 minutes, centrifuged (2,058 x g) for 5 minutes, then the supernatant was collected for analysis, an aliquot was diluted 1:10 in reconstituted wash buffer (Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.05% Tween 20), and a final dilution of 1:1000 was used for the calculation. Aflatoxin B1 was analysed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 100 µl of each standard and the prepared samples, were mixed with 200 µl of sample assay diluent making 300 µl in the mixing well. Then, 100 µl from each mixing well was transferred to an antibody coated microtiter plate well and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The liquid was then discarded and the wells drained by tapping on absorbent paper, before the well was washed three times with wash buffer and drained on absorbent paper. Then 100 µl of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Aflatoxin enzyme conjugate, was added to the wells. After incubating for 30 minutes at room temperature, the liquid was decanted and the well was washed three times with any residual wash buffer drained. 100 µl of substrate solution was added to each well and incubated for 10 minutes in the dark at room temperature. Finally, 100 µl of stop solution was added to stop the reaction. The optical density of each standard and the samples was measured at 450 nm using a microplate plate reader ELx 800 (BioTek Instrumentals, Inc., USA). The standard concentrations were plotted along the x-axis on a log scale. The corresponding %B/Bo values were plotted along the y-axis. Reader Fit software (Gen5 a Software Version 2.01.14) was used to fit the standard curve (R 2 > 0.99). A Data Analysis Worksheet for the Low Matrix ELISA Kit was used to record the aflatoxin B1concentration. A subset of 30 ELISA tested samples was randomly chosen and sent to the Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa (BecA-ILRI Hub) laboratory in Nairobi. Samples with the highest aflatoxin B1 levels were analysed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) method for aflatoxin detection in order to accurately verify the aflatoxin concentration. DNA extraction and sequencing Genomic DNA was extracted from each feed sample according to the standard protocol of the DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Venlo, The Netherlands) and stored in a -80°C freezer. The extracted genomic DNA was sent to Genohub, Admera Health, USA for sequencing. First, the genomic DNA was quantified using a Qubit 2.0 DNA HS Assay (ThermoFisher, Massachusetts, USA) and quality assessed using a Tapestation genomic DNA Assay (Agilent Technologies, California, USA). Fifty nanograms of the isolated genomic DNA was used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification using proprietary primers (Admera Health, LLC, South Plainfield, NJ) covering the hypervariable regions ITS1 and ITS2. Primer selection and design were undertaken to achieve a comprehensive taxonomic coverage, and spike-in controls were used to generate maximal data. The quantity of the final libraries was assessed using Qubit 2.0 and quality was assessed by TapeStation as described previously. Equimolar pooling of libraries was performed based on quality control values; Illumina® 8-ntdual-indices adaptors were used followed by sequencing on an Illumina® Miseq (Illumina, California, USA) with a read length of 250 paired-end reads per sample (500K in each direction). The fungal diversity of the top 50 taxonomies at family, genus, and species levels were identified. Rarefaction measurement was run on the basis of each species (species richness) versus operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance. Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics were used in Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013, Version 15.0) to present the mean aflatoxin quantity in the feed samples. Data were summarized as mean ± standard error (SE), and statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. For metagenomic data, Qiime2 (version 2021.2) was used to filter the raw data. The final non-chimeric reads were summarized, and Dada2 was used to cluster the OTUs. The taxonomy was classified based on the file: unite-ver8-99-classifier-04.02.2020.qza. The abundance-based coverage estimator (Ace) and Chao1 index (Chao1) were used to provide an estimate of the species richness, while the Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson indices were used to provide an indication of the species diversity. Beta-diversity was calculated and compared among the six DNA extracts. Finally, bar plots were developed at family, genus, and species levels using the R package “metacoder”. Results Aflatoxin B1contamination of feed samples Out of the six types of samples collected aflatoxin B1 was detected in 92% of the poultry ration, 72% of the dairy ration, 66% of the linseed cake, 64% of the noug seed cake, 61% of the cotton seed cake and 36% of the soybean cake (Fig. 2 ), The detected concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable level set by European Union (EU) and Ethiopian standard authority (ES ISO14718 Aflatoxin B1 µg/kg Max. 20.0). For dairy animals, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sets a maximum aflatoxin limit of 20 µg/kg, as aflatoxin B1 present in animal feed can be metabolised in to aflatoxin M1, which can subsequently be passed into milk (sec.683.100 Action Levels for Aflatoxins in Animal Food). Aflatoxin B1 contamination in the different feeds indicated contamination levels (Table 1 ) that surpassed the Ethiopian standard accepted limit of 20 µg/kg (Also European Union's and FDA) for mean aflatoxin B1concentrations (± SE) and their ranges (µg/kg) for dairy ration, poultry ration, cotton seed cake, linseed cake, noug seed cake, and soybean cake. A critical level of contamination that is statistically significant (P = 4.2 x 10⁻⁵) was detected. Table 1 Aflatoxin B1concentration (µg/kg) in oil seed cakes and formulated feeds Feed type Mean ± SE Range (Min-Max) P value Dairy ration 129.4 ± 11.98 BDL − 442 4.2 x105 Poultry ration 162.3 ± 14.34 BDL − 293 Cotton seed cake 108.8 ± 31.87 BDL − 793 Linseed cake 202.1 ± 24.54 BDL − 556 Noug seed cake 162.1 ± 24.79 BDL − 518 Soybean cake 18.9 ± 4.30 BDL − 49 BDL = below the detectible limit. Significance level: ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 To validate the findings, HPLC (gold standard) analysis was conducted on 30 randomly selected ELISA-tested samples revealing a strong correlation between the two methods (r (27) = 0.96, P < 0.01). This correlation was further supported by a linear regression equation (y = 0.7817x + 15.215, R² = 0.9223) (Fig. 3 ), confirming the reliability of ELISA for aflatoxin B1 quantification. However, a couple of noug seed cake samples showed very high concentration of aflatoxin B1 (1708.44 µg/kg and 1549.09 µg/kg). The HPLC conformation test results for these samples were 1232.71 µg/kg and 4954.16 µg/kg, respectively. Due to their deviation from the mean result, they were not included in the summary statistics (mean, range, standard error) shown above. Fungal distribution in the selected feeds The DNA sequence results showed that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum in all feeds, while the phyla Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were found in smaller numbers in all the feeds except in feed S4 (Fig. 4 ). Considering the fungal family (Fig. 5 ), dominating families in the sequence analysis indicated the dominant fungal families in the feeds included Aspergillaceae, Nectriaceae, Botyosphaeriaceae and Cladosporiaceae . Aspergillaceae were represented in 53%, 43%, 16%, 33% 10.6% and 28% of the samples S1-S6, respectively. The second dominant family was Nectriaceae observed in 23%, 7%, 21%, 3%, 16.6% and 13.6% of samples from the S1-S6 feed types, respectively. The third most represented family was Botryosphaeriaceae which occurred in 4%, 20%, 1.5%, 7.6%, 4.6% and 5.8% of the samples from S1-S6. Cladosporiaceae was the fourth dominating family with up to 2.7%, 11%, 1.9%, 3%, 5% and 4.8% representation in the S1-S6 feeds. The sequence results revealed that the genus Aspergillus was found in all feed types (Table 3 , Fig. 6 ). This genus was detected in cotton seed cake (S1), noug cake (S2), linseed cake (S4), dairy ration (S6), soybean cake (S3) and poultry ration (S5) in 57%, 41%, 27%, 25%, 15%, and 8% of the samples, respectively (Table 3 ). Figure 6 shows the bar plot constructed from the abundance of different fungal genera. Table3. Fungi genera ranking one to seven in the selected feed samples Cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6) The DNA sequence analysis showed that Aspergillus glaucus and Fusarium lacertarum were the most represented fungal species (Fig. 7 ) in the feed samples. A. glaucus accounted for 38%, 12.6%, 21%, 20%, 5.7%, and 18% of the fungi species detected in the studied feeds S1-S6, respectively. F. lacertarum was the next most dominant fungal species in the feeds S1-S6 representing 38%, 8%, and 3% 2% 4% and 4%, respectively, of the fungal species detected. The representation of A. flavus was 1.8%, 3.8%, 0%, 0.4%, 1.2%, and 1.2% of fungal species in the feeds S1–S6, respectively. Evaluation of diversity of fungi in feeds A principal component analysis (PCA) using unifrac was calculated to analyse and measure the differences or dissimilarity of the types of fungal species present across the six feed types. Dissimilarity in fungal diversity across the six feed samples show component 1 and component 2 explain 30.4% and 26.1% of the variance respectively (Fig. 8 ). Soybean cake (S3) showed the highest level of dissimilarity with a diversity index of 0.4, indicating its difference from the other five feed types. Cotton seed cake (S1) also indicated much more dissimilarity. Linseed cake (S4) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity, not as far away as S3. Other feeds, poultry ration (S5), and dairy ration (S6) indicated they contained fungal communities that are more similar than S3 and S4. Rarefaction measurement The rarefaction curve indicated that the sequencing depth was sufficient to include all fungal species, including those present in low numbers. It was run on the basis of each species (species richness) versus Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance. Each of the samples contained a different species richness. The feed S1 had the highest species richness followed by S4. Feed Samples S3 and S6 showed medium richness. Feed types S2 and S5 had the lowest species richness (Fig. 8 ). Valuation of richness and evenness of fungal dynamics in the different feeds Different measures of alpha diversity were applied to the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance data of the different feeds that was filtered to the most abundant 50%. The indices Choa 1 and ACE (measures species richness), in descending order, showed that S4, S3, and S5 had more individual species (were richer) followed by S4, S3 and S2. The applied measures of evenness, Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson, showed that the S6, S5 and S4 feeds had the most even fungal distribution in a descending order (Fig. 10). Discussion Aflatoxin contamination of feeds and feed ingredients Concerns about agricultural commodities due to fungal incidence and mycotoxin contamination have been widely recognized (Bhat and Reddy, 2016). Among these mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1has significant negative effects on both animal and human health (Anelich, 2014). In Ethiopia, agro-industrial by-products are commonly used as feed ingredients for dairy and poultry production, including oilseed by-products (oilseed cakes) from both modern and traditional processing units (FAO, 2019). Oilseed cakes are vital components in the formulation of dairy and poultry feeds due to their high protein content (Mengistu et al., 2017; Gizachew et al ., 2016; Menale, 2019; Demissie, 2022). However, despite their nutritional benefits, oilseed cakes have also been shown to contain aflatoxin B1, posing potential risks to both animal and human health. Consumption of contaminated dairy feed can convert aflatoxin B1into aflatoxin M1 in milk (Pettersson, 2012; Campagnollo, 2016), and poultry products can also be affected (Oliveira et al ., 2000; Tatfo et al ., 2022). In this study, the majority of animal feed samples collected from feed markets were found to contain aflatoxin B1. In most cases, the concentration of aflatoxin B1exceeded the maximum limit set by the Ethiopian Standards Authority (ESA, 2019; ES ISO 14718: Aflatoxin B1μg/kg Max. 20.0), as well as the limits established by the EU (2002) and FDA (2019). The study showed that 76% of dairy ration samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 above the permissible limit, with levels up to 442 μg/kg. This finding aligns with a similar study by Gizachew et al. (2016), who reported contamination levels of up to 419 μg/kg using a similar ELISA procedure. Tadele et al . (2023) found contamination levels as high as 306.9 μg/kg, and Mengesha et al . (2024) reported aflatoxin B1contamination in dairy feeds up to 370.51 μg/kg. This study also revealed that 92% of the poultry ration samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 above the permissible limit, with concentrations reaching up to 293 μg/kg. Similarly, Mengesha et al . (2024), using a HPLC method, found layer and broiler feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at concentrations of up to 139 μg/kg and 148.68 μg/kg, respectively. The findings by Kassaw et al . (2022) reported an average aflatoxin B1concentration in poultry feed of 70.11 μg/kg, with a maximum of 633.94 μg/kg. These results supported the findings of this study, indicating that there could be significant risk to poultry health and food safety. Compared to other feed ingredients in the study, soybean cake exhibited the lowest levels of aflatoxin B1 contamination, with only 36% of samples showing amounts above 20 μg/kg. The average concentration was 18.9 ± 4.30 μg/kg, ranging from undetectable levels to 49 μg/kg. This result aligns with the findings by Motbaynor et al., (2021) where the mean aflatoxin B1 range recorded was from 5 – 53 μg/kg. Soybean cake showed the lowest risk of aflatoxin B1 contamination; in support of this, Mengesha et al. (2024) reported aflatoxin B1in soybean cake at levels below 5 µg/kg. Additionally, aflatoxin concentrations in soybean meal from two regions in Ghana ranged from non-detectable to 3.27μg/kg, and mostly below the Ghana Standard Agency's limit of 20 μg/kg for feed ingredients (Nsiah et al ., 2023). Gupta and Venkitasubramanian (1975) suggest that the low level of aflatoxin in soybean meal may be due to the small amount of zinc (0.01 mg/g) bound to phytic acid in soybeans. Li et al. (2023) also suggested that phytic acid could act as a plant-derived antifungal agent. In contrast, 66% of the cottonseed cake, 64 % of linseed cake, and 61% of noug seed cake exhibited significantly higher contamination rates that often exceeded the permissible limits of aflatoxin B1. The average aflatoxin B1 concentration levels detected in the three ingredients were 108.8 ± 31.87, 202.1 ± 24.54 and 162.1 ± 24.79 μg/kg and ranging up to 793. 556, and 518 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1, respectively. Concerning noug seed cake, the result aligns with findings by Gizachew et al. (2016), who reported contamination levels between 290 and 397 μg/kg. Furthermore, Gizachew et al. (2019) demonstrated the impact of water activity and temperature on the growth of A. flavus and subsequent production of aflatoxin B1, with levels ranging from 203 to 282 μg/kg. More concerning and outlying, aflatoxin B1 concentration in two of noug seed cake samples were also recorded with the levels 1,708.44 μg/kg and 1,549.09 μg/kg, with subsequent HPLC analysis detecting levels of 1,232.71 μg/kg and 4,954.16 μg/kg, respectively. These findings highlight severe contamination risks in the tested samples. In linseed cakes, Ting et al . (2020) reported similarly high levels of aflatoxin B1 in ground linseed, reaching concentrations of up to 3,644 μg/kg. Cracked, crushed, or ground oilseeds are more susceptible to fungal growth and aflatoxin production due to the removal of the protective seed coat allowing access to readily available nutrients for fungi (Ting et al ., 2020). While limited studies on cottonseed cake in Ethiopia exist, the wide variability in levels in this study aligns with studies conducted in Pakistan by Shar et al . (2020) and Yunus et al. (2020), who reported concentration levels of 89 μg/kg and 595.9 μg/kg, respectively. Evaluation of fungal diversity in feeds The fungal DNA sequence showed that Ascomycota constituted the most abundant phylum in all samples. Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were the next most abundant, but in significantly smaller quantities in all feed samples except in linseed cake where they appeared in a relatively higher abundance. Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota phyla can pose significant risks to both livestock and human health (Petrikkos et al., 2012); in this study, mould species such as Rhizopus arrhizus and Mucor circinelloides were detected under the phylum Mucoromycota. Although, we could not find any evidence that shows the production of mycotoxin, these fungi are known to cause a rare but serious disease, mucormycosis, which is caused by inhaling fungal spores or consuming contaminated feed, resulting in respiratory, digestive, or systemic infections (Petrikkos et al., 2012). Among the species in phylum Basidiomycota, the pathogens Wallemia sebi and Wallemia muriae , which are reported as a human health problem, were identified in this study. The species W, sebi and W. muriae cause the condition related with lung issues commonly referred to as “farmer’s lung” (Zajc and Gunde-Cimerman, 2018); and the same authors reported fatal livestock toxicosis associated with contaminated hay in the UK. The impact of Ascomycota; however, is particularly concerning due to its association with mycotoxin-producing species, which have direct implications in food safety. The fungal families identified in this study were predominantly from the Ascomycota phylum. Within this group, important genera such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria were detected (Figure 6). These genera include species known to produce mycotoxins, which can cause acute and chronic toxicity in both humans and animals (Navale et al., 2021). The variation in fungal species found in the study may be attributed to different crop cultivation environments (Beccari et al. , 2019) and storage conditions (Cao et al ., 2022), and differences in nutrient content of the samples, which can influence fungal growth (Gizachew et al., 2019). Other pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions, and feed storage conditions (Martin et al ., 2022; Cao et al ., 2022), could also contribute to the observed differences, particularly in A. flavus abundance. Although aflatoxin B1was detected in soybean cake at a low level, A. flavus was not detected in the DNA sample. This could be due to the low abundance of the fungus, making it difficult to detect at the sequencing depth used despite the positive rarefaction result (Sanchez-Cid et al., 2022). Other significant mycotoxin-producing fungi detected in other studies include Fusarium species, such as F. proliferatum (Andrea et al., 2021; Alshannaq, 2017), F. oxysporum , and F. poae (Shabeer et al ., 2021), as well as Alternaria alternata , which is known to produce mycotoxins harmful to animals (EFSA, 2011). The saprophytic fungi Alternaria and Mucor spp. , such as A. glaucus , Mucor circinelloides , and M. racemosus were identified in the feed samples. These fungi have been reported to have the ability to deplete and breakdown organic material, causing loss of nutritional value and feed deterioration (Thomma, 2003; Buckle, 1983; Michailides, 1991). Finally, the variation of species richness and evenness of fungal dynamics, may be due to differences in the nutrient content of the feeds (Liu et al ., 2016) and the handling of raw materials (Martin et al., 2022; Cao et al., 2022). Fungal dynamics could be influenced by agro-climatic conditions in the cultivation areas (Beccari et al ., 2020) and storage environments (Cao et al., 2022). This study demonstrated the possible risks associated with aflatoxin contamination in oilseed cakes used in Ethiopian livestock feeds, which pose potential health risks to animal and human populations. The fungal contamination observed in the six feed samples aligns with the global trends where genera such as Aspergillus and Fusarium are common contaminates. A. flavus , a powerful pathogen, was identified in all feed samples except soybean cake. Aflatoxin B1was detected in all samples in the study, with the exception of soybean cake, mostly at higher than the internationally allowable level of 20 µg/kg. Considering the co-existence of different filamentous mycotoxin producing fungi, there is a high probability that the feeds were contaminated with different mycotoxins. Saprophytic fungal Botryosphaeriaceae species which cause feed quality deterioration were also identified in the samples. Therefore, to minimise contamination and toxicity, strict feed management measures at every step of the livestock feed value chain must be enforced. Continual study and observation are vital to understand the dynamics and nature of the contaminating fungi in livestock feed. The findings highlight the critical need for enhanced feed management practices, improved education and training for feed handlers, and stricter regulatory measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia. Declarations Source of funding This work was supported by Livestock CRP and Sustainable Animal Productivity (SAPLING) initiative, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), and Addis Ababa University the Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology. Acknowledgment Special thanks to Professor Alan J. Duncan for his valuable comments on the draft of this article, as well as to Melkamu Derseh (PhD) and Mr. Abera Adie for their technical assistance during the sampling phase. Conflict of interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this research. Data availability statement The data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, when needed. Author contributions Adey Melesse as first author led the research and prepared the initial draft of the manuscript. Alemayehu Teresa supervised the research and contributed to drafting the paper. Tesfaye Alemu supervised the PhD project, alongside Jean Hanson, who also provided guidance on the manuscript's structure and conceptual framework. Michael Blummel offered initial advice on structuring the project and continued supervising until his passing in 2020. Nebiat Negusse contributed statistical expertise. Yilikal Assefa, Yonas Asmare, and Prasad KVSV provided expertise on Aflatoxin evaluation. Chris S. Jones supported the PhD project and contributed to the final editing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript. References Abdelghani N, Angustias ML, Fernández-Martínez JM, Velasco L (2008) Novel seed oil types of Ethiopian mustard with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ind Crops Prod 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.12.004 Alemaw G, Gurmu F (2023) Towards edible oil self-sufficiency in Ethiopia: Lessons and prospects. 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Agric Food Sci 29(3):265–275. https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.89171 Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Lortholary O, Roilides E, Walsh T J, Kontoyiannis D P (2012) Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis 54(Suppl 1): S23–S34. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir866 Pettersson H (2012) Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed. In: Fink-Gremmels J, editor. Animal feed contamination. Woodhead Publishing, pp 233–285. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093615.3.233 Rehrahie M, Getnet A, Fassil A (2018) Determination of aflatoxin in dairy feeds and milk in some selected areas of Ethiopia. Food Environ Saf 17(3):286–299. Sanchez-Cid C, Luna R, Saiz-Jimenez C (2022) Characterization of airborne fungi in indoor environments: a case study. Aerobiologia 18(3):207–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09745-8 Shar Z H, Pirkash O, Shar H H, Sherazi S T H, Mahesar S A (2020) Aflatoxins in cotton seeds and cotton seed cake from Pakistan. Food Addit Contam Part B 13(1):72–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2019.1698661 Tadele F, Demissie B, Amsalu A, Demelash H, Mengist Z, Ambelu A, Yenew C (2023) Aflatoxin contamination of animal feeds and its predictors among dairy farms in Northwest Ethiopia: one health approach implications. Front Vet Sci 10:1123573. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1123573 Tatfo Keutchatang F P, Tchuenchieu A K, Nguegwouo E, Mouafo H T, Bouelet Ntsama I S, Kansci G, Medoua G N (2022) Occurrence of total aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A in chicken and eggs in some Cameroon urban areas and population dietary exposure. J Environ Public Health 2022:5541049. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5541049 Thomma B P (2003) Alternaria spp: From general saprophyte to specific parasite. Mol Plant Pathol 4(4):225–236. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00173.x Ting W T E, Chang C H, Szonyi B, Gizachew D (2020) Growth and aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on ground flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum). J Food Prot 83(6):975–983. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-19-539 Tolosa J, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz M J, Vila-Donat P (2021) Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 158:112661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112661 Tsehay S, Ortiz R, Geleta M, Bekele E, Tesfaye K, Johansson E (2021) Nutritional profile of the Ethiopian oilseed crop Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass): Opportunities for its improvement as a source for human nutrition. Foods 10(8):1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081778 Walelegne M, Meheret F, Derseh M B, Dejene M, Asmare Y T, Prasad K V S V, Duncan A J (2023) Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy using a portable instrument to measure the nutritive value of oilseed meals as livestock feed. Front Anim Sci 4:1203449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1203449 Wendimu G Y (2021) The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture. Cogent Food Agric 7(1):1923619. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1923619 Xu R, Kiarie E G, Yiannikouris A, et al (2022) Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 13(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2 Yosef T, Demise N, Tadesse T, Daniel T (2022) Research article study on the animal feed ingredients and livestock product supply, price and market-related constraints in Ethiopia. Int J Agric Res 17(3):102–115. DOI 10.3923/ijar.2022.102.115 Yunus A W, Ullah A, Lindahl J F, Anwar Z, Ullah A, Saif S, Ibrahim M N M (2020) Aflatoxin contamination of milk produced in peri-urban farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and contributory factors. Front Microbiol 11:159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00159 Zajc J, Gunde-Cimerman N (2018) The genus Wallemia: From contamination of food to health threat. Microorganisms 6(2):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6020046 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Mycotoxin Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 20 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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IBCAO\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/1e0fa37405313ddeb1563691.png"},{"id":80375270,"identity":"0a4fb16a-f576-40e3-9780-0aad43e886a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:54","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":33098,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePercentage occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed samples.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/00d531847d530e79e39844a7.png"},{"id":80375633,"identity":"3b3620a7-b0f3-40da-9c25-2e4476416f51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:52:55","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation between HPLC and ELISA results of feed samples for aflatoxin B1(μg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/988e6b3dcde7ac4c2ab748ee.png"},{"id":80375272,"identity":"95a9c002-0fef-41e2-b810-aad03dd5c763","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75767,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of fungal phyla identified in the feeds: cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/7dade84d58a5b12f998c702a.png"},{"id":80375273,"identity":"54b73f61-2d99-43b0-ab44-ae903615cd2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":731231,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBar plot showing the abundance of fungal families in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/5244b726a1f19d07bcd282f3.png"},{"id":80375289,"identity":"b18c2202-3624-429e-9fb6-fc84173caae8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":186957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBar plot constructed from abundance of fungal genera in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/61fcebaabb2e506589c71344.png"},{"id":80375640,"identity":"0209baa7-8a1b-4e6a-be16-9254a7c352f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:52:55","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":297485,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComposition and abundance of observed fungal species in in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/d300b8febbd0c378d5f84b16.png"},{"id":80375278,"identity":"bc43b93d-a112-481f-beef-954c669ffb3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":24557,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBeta diversity PcoA-unifrac for the different feed types in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/1ba36341930ade7e2667ee39.png"},{"id":80375298,"identity":"0c2db53c-4a7e-40fa-87a6-01cc9adf7d22","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":77036,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRarefaction curve for the six feeds, cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/3137bab5404453ec8ec5a211.png"},{"id":80375286,"identity":"f71bca49-70b3-43e6-a82b-996bcd25293f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-11 07:44:55","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":85336,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeasures of alpha diversity (Cao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson and Invsimpson) run on Cotton seed cake (S1), Noug seed cake (S2), Soybean cake (S3), Linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/9f450fb4357dd682f1ddb829.png"},{"id":103251195,"identity":"29fb82ab-b453-4739-b5a4-abd38eadcbb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-23 16:05:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3014622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6269447/v1/eb25c0be-38cd-4252-8f66-3913d5eb32ba.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Aflatoxin B1 Contamination and Fungal Diversity in Oilseed Cakes and Formulated Feeds from Feed Markets in Addis Ababa and Surrounding Areas","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthiopia is the second most populous country in Africa, with approximately 22.17% of its population living in urban areas (UN 2024). The demand for livestock products has been increasing due to population growth and increased urbanization (Menale 2019), leading to a corresponding rise in urban and peri-urban livestock production and a subsequent high demand for feed. Feed is a crucial commodity and a fundamental pillar in achieving the economic, social, and environmental goals of livestock production (Wendimu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The quantity and quality of nutrients, as well as advances in feeding science, significantly impact the economic viability of animal husbandry (Bediye et al. 2019). For animals to achieve their genetically selected production potential, nutrients must be made available and partitioned towards productive functions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed resources traded in local Ethiopian markets include cereals, agro-industry by-products, crop residues, hay, and green fodder (Yosef et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Utilizing agro-industry by-products in livestock feed formulation is a common practice. Oilseed cakes, among these by-products, serve as crucial ingredients as protein sources for the growth and development of livestock (Melesse et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Oilseeds cultivated in Ethiopia include noug seed, sesame, soybean, linseed and cottonseed (Alemaw and Gurmu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Although Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa (CSA 2020a), livestock productivity is still limited by feed shortages, poor feed quality (FAO 2019), and high feed costs (Yosef et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Concentrate feed prices set by the market often disregard feed quality considerations (Melesse et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The production, processing, handling, storage, and market-related factors significantly influence the quality and safety of feed (Negash \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungal contamination is one of the critical factors affecting feed quality and safety. The diversity of fungi in crops is influenced by pre- and post-harvest conditions, geographical location and weather patterns (Orina et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Filamentous fungi pose significant challenges to food security and safety because they produce mycotoxins (Avety et al. 2019). Xu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) reported that mycotoxins in animal feeds and food products can cause mycotoxicosis in both humans and animals. Even at low doses, they can disrupt nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism and physiology. Aflatoxins are considered among the most significant mycotoxins affecting both human and animal health globally (Marshall et al. 2020). These toxic compounds, known for their hepatotoxicity and immunosuppressive properties (IARC 2015), can severely reduce feed intake and animal productivity (Xu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Aflatoxins are produced primarily by Aspergillus species, which thrive in warm, humid environments and can contaminate a wide range of crops. When livestock consume contaminated feed, toxic residues may accumulate in animal products such as milk or meat, posing potential public health risks through human consumption (Tolosa et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutritional quality of oil seed by-products has been evaluated previously in Ethiopia (Walelegne 2023; Tsehay 2021; and Abdelghani 2008). These analyses provide crucial insights into the composition and suitability of oilseed cakes and other by-products for livestock feed formulations. Concurrently, aflatoxin contamination in these by-products has been assessed (Rehrahie et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Gizachew et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Despite these investigations, a substantial gap persists in understanding the fungal diversity within livestock feed. Metagenomic studies, focusing specifically on fungal populations in oilseed cakes and formulated feeds, have not yet been conducted. Such research is crucial, as it can reveal the diverse array of fungal species present, including aflatoxin-producing fungi such as \u003cem\u003eAspergillus flavus\u003c/em\u003e, and elucidate their interactions with other fungal communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to provide information on the prevalence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin producing fungal species, as well as their co-existence with other mycotoxin producing fungal populations, in selected oilseed cakes and formulated feeds used in Addis Ababa and surrounding districts. Understanding the diversity and co-existence of mycotoxin producing fungi in feeds supports targeted monitoring and regulatory measures to reduce fungal toxin risks in Ethiopia\u0026rsquo;s feed and food system.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy area\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in Addis Ababa and surrounding districts (Ada\u0026rsquo;, Mojo, Adama, Addaberga, Wolmera and Sheno, Sebeta, and Sululta) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). These districts are known for small-scale commercial livestock farming in urban and peri-urban areas. Livestock feed markets, primarily located along main roads for easy transportation access, were also present in the districts. The feed markets were identified and randomly selected for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample collection and preparation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom each selected area, feed sellers were randomly selected based on their proximity to main roads. Two hundred and ninety samples, consisting of four types of oilseed cakes (cotton seed cake (S1) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38, noug (\u003cem\u003eGuizotia abyssinica\u003c/em\u003e) seed cake (S2) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47, soybean cake (S3) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13, linseed cake (S4) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;53, and two types of formulated feeds (poultry ration (S5) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38 and dairy ration (S6) n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101), were purchased in 2019 for analyses. Thoroughly mixed samples were purchased and put in a double layered kaki paper bag labelled with the type of feed sample, date of collection, district of collection and sample number. The samples were transported to the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) molecular biology laboratory on the collection days and stored in a cold room (4\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSamples were ground in the ILRI Addis Ababa Feed Nutritional Analysis Laboratory, using a CHRISTY (Christy and Norris limited process engineers Chelmsford England) mill and passed through a 1mm sieve. Between each sample the mill was thoroughly cleaned and vacuumed to prevent cross contamination between samples. Each ground sample was well mixed and representative sub samples were then taken for the Aflatoxin B1 assay and DNA extraction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAflatoxin analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Helica \u0026reg; Aflatoxin B1 (low matrix) Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 was used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in the samples. The aflatoxin B1 extraction and ELISA procedure for animal feed was executed according to the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions (Helica Biosystems Inc, Low Matrix ELISA Kit).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBriefly, to extract aflatoxin B1, 0.1 g from each ground feed sample was added to 10 ml of 80% acetonitrile (High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile, Fisher Scientific, USA). The mixture was shaken in a sealed 15 ml falcon tube for 10 minutes, centrifuged (2,058 x g) for 5 minutes, then the supernatant was collected for analysis, an aliquot was diluted 1:10 in reconstituted wash buffer (Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 0.05% Tween 20), and a final dilution of 1:1000 was used for the calculation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAflatoxin B1 was analysed according to the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions. 100 \u0026micro;l of each standard and the prepared samples, were mixed with 200 \u0026micro;l of sample assay diluent making 300 \u0026micro;l in the mixing well. Then, 100 \u0026micro;l from each mixing well was transferred to an antibody coated microtiter plate well and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The liquid was then discarded and the wells drained by tapping on absorbent paper, before the well was washed three times with wash buffer and drained on absorbent paper. Then 100 \u0026micro;l of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Aflatoxin enzyme conjugate, was added to the wells. After incubating for 30 minutes at room temperature, the liquid was decanted and the well was washed three times with any residual wash buffer drained. 100 \u0026micro;l of substrate solution was added to each well and incubated for 10 minutes in the dark at room temperature. Finally, 100 \u0026micro;l of stop solution was added to stop the reaction. The optical density of each standard and the samples was measured at 450 nm using a microplate plate reader ELx 800 (BioTek Instrumentals, Inc., USA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe standard concentrations were plotted along the x-axis on a log scale. The corresponding %B/Bo values were plotted along the y-axis. Reader Fit software (Gen5 a Software Version 2.01.14) was used to fit the standard curve (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.99). A Data Analysis Worksheet for the Low Matrix ELISA Kit was used to record the aflatoxin B1concentration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA subset of 30 ELISA tested samples was randomly chosen and sent to the Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa (BecA-ILRI Hub) laboratory in Nairobi. Samples with the highest aflatoxin B1 levels were analysed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) method for aflatoxin detection in order to accurately verify the aflatoxin concentration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDNA extraction and sequencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenomic DNA was extracted from each feed sample according to the standard protocol of the DNeasy\u0026reg; Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Venlo, The Netherlands) and stored in a -80\u0026deg;C freezer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extracted genomic DNA was sent to Genohub, Admera Health, USA for sequencing. First, the genomic DNA was quantified using a Qubit 2.0 DNA HS Assay (ThermoFisher, Massachusetts, USA) and quality assessed using a Tapestation genomic DNA Assay (Agilent Technologies, California, USA). Fifty nanograms of the isolated genomic DNA was used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification using proprietary primers (Admera Health, LLC, South Plainfield, NJ) covering the hypervariable regions ITS1 and ITS2. Primer selection and design were undertaken to achieve a comprehensive taxonomic coverage, and spike-in controls were used to generate maximal data. The quantity of the final libraries was assessed using Qubit 2.0 and quality was assessed by TapeStation as described previously. Equimolar pooling of libraries was performed based on quality control values; Illumina\u0026reg; 8-ntdual-indices adaptors were used followed by sequencing on an Illumina\u0026reg; Miseq (Illumina, California, USA) with a read length of 250 paired-end reads per sample (500K in each direction). The fungal diversity of the top 50 taxonomies at family, genus, and species levels were identified. Rarefaction measurement was run on the basis of each species (species richness) versus operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics were used in Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013, Version 15.0) to present the mean aflatoxin quantity in the feed samples. Data were summarized as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard error (SE), and statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. For metagenomic data, Qiime2 (version 2021.2) was used to filter the raw data. The final non-chimeric reads were summarized, and Dada2 was used to cluster the OTUs. The taxonomy was classified based on the file: unite-ver8-99-classifier-04.02.2020.qza. The abundance-based coverage estimator (Ace) and Chao1 index (Chao1) were used to provide an estimate of the species richness, while the Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson indices were used to provide an indication of the species diversity. Beta-diversity was calculated and compared among the six DNA extracts. Finally, bar plots were developed at family, genus, and species levels using the R package \u0026ldquo;metacoder\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eAflatoxin B1contamination of feed samples\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOut of the six types of samples collected aflatoxin B1 was detected in 92% of the poultry ration, 72% of the dairy ration, 66% of the linseed cake, 64% of the noug seed cake, 61% of the cotton seed cake and 36% of the soybean cake (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), The detected concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable level set by European Union (EU) and Ethiopian standard authority (ES ISO14718 Aflatoxin B1 \u0026micro;g/kg Max. 20.0). For dairy animals, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sets a maximum aflatoxin limit of 20 \u0026micro;g/kg, as aflatoxin B1 present in animal feed can be metabolised in to aflatoxin M1, which can subsequently be passed into milk (sec.683.100 Action Levels for Aflatoxins in Animal Food).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAflatoxin B1 contamination in the different feeds indicated contamination levels (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) that surpassed the Ethiopian standard accepted limit of 20 \u0026micro;g/kg (Also European Union\u0026apos;s and FDA) for mean aflatoxin B1concentrations (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SE) and their ranges (\u0026micro;g/kg) for dairy ration, poultry ration, cotton seed cake, linseed cake, noug seed cake, and soybean cake. A critical level of contamination that is statistically significant (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.2 x 10⁻⁵) was detected.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAflatoxin B1concentration (\u0026micro;g/kg) in oil seed cakes and formulated feeds\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeed type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRange (Min-Max)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDairy ration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2 x105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoultry ration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCotton seed cake\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;793\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLinseed cake\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;556\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoug seed cake\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;518\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoybean cake\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBDL\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;below the detectible limit. Significance level: \u0026lsquo;**\u0026rsquo; 0.01 \u0026lsquo;*\u0026rsquo; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo validate the findings, HPLC (gold standard) analysis was conducted on 30 randomly selected ELISA-tested samples revealing a strong correlation between the two methods (r (27)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.96, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). This correlation was further supported by a linear regression equation (y\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7817x\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;15.215, R\u0026sup2; = 0.9223) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), confirming the reliability of ELISA for aflatoxin B1 quantification. However, a couple of noug seed cake samples showed very high concentration of aflatoxin B1 (1708.44 \u0026micro;g/kg and 1549.09 \u0026micro;g/kg). The HPLC conformation test results for these samples were 1232.71 \u0026micro;g/kg and 4954.16 \u0026micro;g/kg, respectively. Due to their deviation from the mean result, they were not included in the summary statistics (mean, range, standard error) shown above.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFungal distribution in the selected feeds\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DNA sequence results showed that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum in all feeds, while the phyla Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were found in smaller numbers in all the feeds except in feed S4 (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Considering the fungal family (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e), dominating families in the sequence analysis indicated the dominant fungal families in the feeds included \u003cem\u003eAspergillaceae, Nectriaceae, Botyosphaeriaceae\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eCladosporiaceae\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eAspergillaceae\u003c/em\u003e were represented in 53%, 43%, 16%, 33% 10.6% and 28% of the samples S1-S6, respectively. The second dominant family was \u003cem\u003eNectriaceae\u003c/em\u003e observed in 23%, 7%, 21%, 3%, 16.6% and 13.6% of samples from the S1-S6 feed types, respectively. The third most represented family was \u003cem\u003eBotryosphaeriaceae\u003c/em\u003e which occurred in 4%, 20%, 1.5%, 7.6%, 4.6% and 5.8% of the samples from S1-S6. \u003cem\u003eCladosporiaceae\u003c/em\u003e was the fourth dominating family with up to 2.7%, 11%, 1.9%, 3%, 5% and 4.8% representation in the S1-S6 feeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sequence results revealed that the genus \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e was found in all feed types (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). This genus was detected in cotton seed cake (S1), noug cake (S2), linseed cake (S4), dairy ration (S6), soybean cake (S3) and poultry ration (S5) in 57%, 41%, 27%, 25%, 15%, and 8% of the samples, respectively (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows the bar plot constructed from the abundance of different fungal genera.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable3. Fungi genera ranking one to seven in the selected feed samples\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5) and dairy ration (S6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DNA sequence analysis showed that \u003cem\u003eAspergillus glaucus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eFusarium lacertarum\u003c/em\u003e were the most represented fungal species (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) in the feed samples. \u003cem\u003eA. glaucus\u003c/em\u003e accounted for 38%, 12.6%, 21%, 20%, 5.7%, and 18% of the fungi species detected in the studied feeds S1-S6, respectively. \u003cem\u003eF. lacertarum\u003c/em\u003e was the next most dominant fungal species in the feeds S1-S6 representing 38%, 8%, and 3% 2% 4% and 4%, respectively, of the fungal species detected. The representation of \u003cem\u003eA. flavus\u003c/em\u003e was 1.8%, 3.8%, 0%, 0.4%, 1.2%, and 1.2% of fungal species in the feeds S1\u0026ndash;S6, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEvaluation of diversity of fungi in feeds\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA principal component analysis (PCA) using unifrac was calculated to analyse and measure the differences or dissimilarity of the types of fungal species present across the six feed types. Dissimilarity in fungal diversity across the six feed samples show component 1 and component 2 explain 30.4% and 26.1% of the variance respectively (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Soybean cake (S3) showed the highest level of dissimilarity with a diversity index of 0.4, indicating its difference from the other five feed types. Cotton seed cake (S1) also indicated much more dissimilarity. Linseed cake (S4) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity, not as far away as S3. Other feeds, poultry ration (S5), and dairy ration (S6) indicated they contained fungal communities that are more similar than S3 and S4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eRarefaction measurement\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe rarefaction curve indicated that the sequencing depth was sufficient to include all fungal species, including those present in low numbers. It was run on the basis of each species (species richness) versus Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance. Each of the samples contained a different species richness. The feed S1 had the highest species richness followed by S4. Feed Samples S3 and S6 showed medium richness. Feed types S2 and S5 had the lowest species richness (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eValuation of richness and evenness of fungal dynamics in the different feeds\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifferent measures of alpha diversity were applied to the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) abundance data of the different feeds that was filtered to the most abundant 50%. The indices Choa 1 and ACE (measures species richness), in descending order, showed that S4, S3, and S5 had more individual species (were richer) followed by S4, S3 and S2. The applied measures of evenness, Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson, showed that the S6, S5 and S4 feeds had the most even fungal distribution in a descending order (Fig. 10).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAflatoxin contamination of feeds and feed ingredients\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcerns about agricultural commodities due to fungal incidence and mycotoxin contamination have been widely recognized (Bhat and Reddy, 2016). Among these mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1has significant negative effects on both animal and human health (Anelich, 2014). In Ethiopia, agro-industrial by-products are commonly used as feed ingredients for dairy and poultry production, including oilseed by-products (oilseed cakes) from both modern and traditional processing units (FAO, 2019). Oilseed cakes are vital components in the formulation of dairy and poultry feeds due to their high protein content (Mengistu \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2017; Gizachew \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2016; Menale, 2019; Demissie, 2022). However, despite their nutritional benefits, oilseed cakes have also been shown to contain aflatoxin B1, posing potential risks to both animal and human health. Consumption of contaminated dairy feed can convert aflatoxin B1into aflatoxin M1 in milk (Pettersson, 2012; Campagnollo, 2016), and poultry products can also be affected (Oliveira \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2000; Tatfo \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2022).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the majority of animal feed samples collected from feed markets were found to contain aflatoxin B1. In most cases, the concentration of aflatoxin B1exceeded the maximum limit set by the Ethiopian Standards Authority (ESA, 2019; ES ISO 14718: Aflatoxin B1μg/kg Max. 20.0), as well as the limits established by the EU (2002) and FDA (2019). \u0026nbsp;The study showed that 76% of dairy ration samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 above the permissible limit, with levels up to 442 μg/kg. This finding aligns with a similar study by Gizachew \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2016), who reported contamination levels of up to 419 μg/kg using a similar ELISA procedure. Tadele \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2023) found contamination levels as high as 306.9 μg/kg, and Mengesha \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2024) reported aflatoxin B1contamination in dairy feeds up to 370.51 μg/kg. This study also revealed that 92% of the poultry ration samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 above the permissible limit, with concentrations reaching up to 293 μg/kg. Similarly, Mengesha \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2024), using a HPLC method, found layer and broiler feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at concentrations of up to 139 μg/kg and 148.68 μg/kg, respectively. The findings by Kassaw \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2022) reported an average aflatoxin B1concentration in poultry feed of 70.11 μg/kg, with a maximum of 633.94 μg/kg. These results supported the findings of this study, indicating that there could be significant risk to poultry health and food safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to other feed ingredients in the study, soybean cake exhibited the lowest levels of aflatoxin B1 contamination, with only 36% of samples showing amounts above 20 μg/kg. The average concentration was 18.9 ± 4.30 μg/kg, ranging from undetectable levels to 49 μg/kg. This result aligns with the findings by \u003cstrong\u003eMotbaynor \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e (2021)\u003c/strong\u003e where the mean aflatoxin B1 range recorded was from 5 – 53 μg/kg. Soybean cake showed the lowest risk of aflatoxin B1 contamination; in support of this, Mengesha \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2024) reported aflatoxin B1in soybean cake at levels below 5 µg/kg. Additionally, aflatoxin concentrations in soybean meal from two regions in Ghana ranged from non-detectable to 3.27μg/kg, and mostly below the Ghana Standard Agency's limit of 20 μg/kg for feed ingredients (Nsiah \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2023). Gupta and Venkitasubramanian (1975) suggest that the low level of aflatoxin in soybean meal may be due to the small amount of zinc (0.01 mg/g) bound to phytic acid in soybeans. Li \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2023) also suggested that phytic acid could act as a plant-derived antifungal agent. In contrast, 66% of the cottonseed cake, 64 % of linseed cake, and 61% of noug seed cake exhibited significantly higher contamination rates that often exceeded the permissible limits of aflatoxin B1. \u0026nbsp;The average aflatoxin B1 concentration levels detected in the three ingredients were 108.8 ± 31.87, 202.1 ± 24.54 and 162.1 ± 24.79 μg/kg and ranging up to 793. 556, and 518 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1, respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcerning noug seed cake, the result aligns with findings by Gizachew \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2016), who reported contamination levels between 290 and 397 μg/kg. Furthermore, Gizachew \u003cem\u003eet al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(2019) demonstrated the impact of water activity and temperature on the growth of \u003cem\u003eA. flavus\u003c/em\u003e and subsequent production of aflatoxin B1, with levels ranging from 203 to 282 μg/kg. More concerning and outlying, aflatoxin B1 concentration in two of noug seed cake samples were also recorded with the levels 1,708.44 μg/kg and 1,549.09 μg/kg, with subsequent HPLC analysis detecting levels of 1,232.71 μg/kg and 4,954.16 μg/kg, respectively. These findings highlight severe contamination risks in the tested samples. In linseed cakes, Ting \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2020) reported similarly high levels of aflatoxin B1 in ground linseed, reaching concentrations of up to 3,644 μg/kg. Cracked, crushed, or ground oilseeds are more susceptible to fungal growth and aflatoxin production due to the removal of the protective seed coat allowing access to readily available nutrients for fungi (Ting \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2020). While limited studies on cottonseed cake in Ethiopia exist, the wide variability in levels in this study aligns with studies conducted in Pakistan by Shar \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2020) and Yunus \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2020), who reported concentration levels of 89 μg/kg and 595.9 μg/kg, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvaluation of fungal diversity in feeds\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fungal DNA sequence showed that Ascomycota constituted the most abundant phylum in all samples. Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were the next most abundant, but in significantly smaller quantities in all feed samples except in linseed cake where they appeared in a relatively higher abundance. \u0026nbsp;Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota phyla can pose significant risks to both livestock and human health (Petrikkos \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e2012);\u0026nbsp;in this study, mould species such as \u003cem\u003eRhizopus arrhizus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eMucor circinelloides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewere detected under the phylum Mucoromycota. Although, we could not find any evidence that shows the production of mycotoxin, these fungi are known to cause a rare but serious disease, mucormycosis, which is caused by inhaling fungal spores or consuming contaminated feed, resulting in respiratory, digestive, or systemic infections\u0026nbsp;(Petrikkos \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e2012). Among the species in phylum Basidiomycota, the pathogens \u003cem\u003eWallemia sebi\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eWallemia muriae\u003c/em\u003e, which are reported as a human health problem, were identified in this study. The species \u003cem\u003eW, sebi\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eW. muriae\u003c/em\u003e cause the condition related with lung issues commonly referred to as “farmer’s lung” (Zajc and Gunde-Cimerman, 2018); and the same authors reported fatal livestock toxicosis associated with contaminated hay in the UK. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;The impact of Ascomycota; however, is particularly concerning due to its association with mycotoxin-producing species, which have direct implications in food safety. The fungal families identified in this study were predominantly from the Ascomycota phylum. Within this group, important genera such as \u003cem\u003eAspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAlternaria\u003c/em\u003e were detected (Figure 6). These genera include species known to produce mycotoxins, which can cause acute and chronic toxicity in both humans and animals (Navale et al., 2021).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe variation in fungal species found in the study may be attributed to different crop cultivation environments (Beccari \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2019) and storage conditions (Cao \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2022), and differences in nutrient content of the samples, which can influence fungal growth (Gizachew \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2019). Other pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions, and feed storage conditions (Martin \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2022; Cao \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2022), could also contribute to the observed differences, particularly in \u003cem\u003eA. flavus\u003c/em\u003e abundance. Although aflatoxin B1was detected in soybean cake at a low level, \u003cem\u003eA. flavus\u003c/em\u003e was not detected in the DNA sample. This could be due to the low abundance of the fungus, making it difficult to detect at the sequencing depth used despite the positive rarefaction result (Sanchez-Cid \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2022). Other significant mycotoxin-producing fungi detected in other studies include Fusarium species, such as \u003cem\u003eF. proliferatum\u003c/em\u003e (Andrea \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2021; Alshannaq, 2017), \u003cem\u003eF. oxysporum\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eF. poae\u003c/em\u003e (Shabeer \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2021), as well as \u003cem\u003eAlternaria alternata\u003c/em\u003e, which is known to produce mycotoxins harmful to animals (EFSA, 2011). The saprophytic fungi \u003cem\u003eAlternaria\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eMucor spp.\u003c/em\u003e, such as \u003cem\u003eA.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp; glaucus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMucor circinelloides\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eM. racemosus\u003c/em\u003e were identified in the feed samples. These fungi have been reported to have the ability to deplete and breakdown organic material, causing loss of nutritional value and feed deterioration (Thomma, 2003; Buckle, 1983; Michailides, 1991).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the variation of species richness and evenness of fungal dynamics, may be due to differences in the nutrient content of the feeds (Liu \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2016) and the handling of raw materials (Martin \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2022; Cao \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2022). Fungal dynamics could be influenced by agro-climatic conditions in the cultivation areas (Beccari \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2020) and storage environments (Cao \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2022).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated the possible risks associated with aflatoxin contamination in oilseed cakes used in Ethiopian livestock feeds, which pose potential health risks to animal and human populations. The fungal contamination observed in the six feed samples aligns with the global trends where genera such as \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eFusarium\u003c/em\u003e are common contaminates. \u003cem\u003eA. flavus\u003c/em\u003e, a powerful pathogen, was identified in all feed samples except soybean cake. Aflatoxin B1was detected in all samples in the study, with the exception of soybean cake, mostly at higher than the internationally allowable level of 20 µg/kg. Considering the co-existence of different filamentous mycotoxin producing fungi, there is a high probability that the feeds were contaminated with different mycotoxins. Saprophytic fungal \u003cem\u003eBotryosphaeriaceae\u003c/em\u003e species which cause feed quality deterioration were also identified in the samples. Therefore, to minimise contamination and toxicity, strict feed management measures at every step of the livestock feed value chain must be enforced. Continual study and observation are vital to understand the dynamics and nature of the contaminating fungi in livestock feed. \u0026nbsp;The findings highlight the critical need for enhanced feed management practices, improved education and training for feed handlers, and stricter regulatory measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of funding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by Livestock CRP and Sustainable Animal Productivity (SAPLING) initiative, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), and Addis Ababa University the Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial thanks to Professor Alan J. Duncan for his valuable comments on the draft of this article, as well as to Melkamu Derseh (PhD) and Mr. Abera Adie for their technical assistance during the sampling phase. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, when needed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdey Melesse as first author led the research and prepared the initial draft of the manuscript. Alemayehu Teresa supervised the research and contributed to drafting the paper. Tesfaye Alemu supervised the PhD project, alongside Jean Hanson, who also provided guidance on the manuscript's structure and conceptual framework. Michael Blummel offered initial advice on structuring the project and continued supervising until his passing in 2020. Nebiat Negusse contributed statistical expertise. Yilikal Assefa, Yonas Asmare, and Prasad KVSV provided expertise on Aflatoxin evaluation. Chris S. Jones supported the PhD project and contributed to the final editing of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbdelghani N, Angustias ML, Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Mart\u0026iacute;nez JM, Velasco L (2008) Novel seed oil types of Ethiopian mustard with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. 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Front Microbiol 11:159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00159\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZajc J, Gunde-Cimerman N (2018) The genus Wallemia: From contamination of food to health threat. Microorganisms 6(2):1\u0026ndash;15. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6020046\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"mycotoxin-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"myre","sideBox":"Learn more about [Mycotoxin Research](http://link.springer.com/journal/12549)","snPcode":"12550","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12550/3","title":"Mycotoxin Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"oilseed cakes, formulated feeds, fungal diversity, aflatoxin B1","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6269447/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6269447/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted in Addis Ababa, surrounding peri-urban and urban feed markets to assess the prevalence of aflatoxin B1and identify fungal diversity in feeds. Two hundred and ninety samples of oil seed cakes and formulated feeds were collected. The results indicated that, 92% of poultry ration, 72% of dairy ration, 66% of linseed cake, 64% of noug seed cake, 61% of cotton seed cake, and 36% of soybean cake were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 exceeding the permissible level (20 μg/kg). To evaluate fungal diversity, genomic DNA was extracted, pooled by feed type, and sequenced. The findings revealed variations in the diversity indices of fungal phyla, families, genera and species. \u0026nbsp;The Metabarcoding results revealed Ascomycota as the dominant phylum in all feeds, with \u003cem\u003eAspergillaceae, Nectriaceae, Botyosphaeriaceae\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCladosporiaceae\u003c/em\u003e being the dominant families accounting for 53%, 43%, 16%, 33%, 11%, and 28% of the total fungal families detected in cotton seed cake (S1), noug seed cake (S2), soybean cake (S3), linseed cake (S4), poultry ration (S5), and dairy ration (S6), respectively. The synergistic presence of multiple fungal species, some of which are known to be harmful,\u0026nbsp;was identified\u0026nbsp;in the feed samples. Among the species,\u0026nbsp;the proportion of \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u0026nbsp;flavus\u003c/em\u003e found was 1.8%, 3.8%, 0%, 0.4%, 1.2%, and 1.2% in the feeds S1–S6, respectively. The findings highlight the critical need for enhanced feed management practices, improved education and training for feed handlers, and stricter regulatory measures to mitigate aflatoxin contamination.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Aflatoxin B1 Contamination and Fungal Diversity in Oilseed Cakes and Formulated Feeds from Feed Markets in Addis Ababa and Surrounding Areas","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-11 07:44:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6269447/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-30T10:40:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-26T12:50:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-07T13:23:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"231605712446367119889769500460314232292","date":"2025-05-06T07:52:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"143186499572575212303439821299418308846","date":"2025-04-14T13:10:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T13:26:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-24T23:01:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-24T23:01:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Mycotoxin Research","date":"2025-03-20T11:52:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"mycotoxin-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"myre","sideBox":"Learn more about [Mycotoxin Research](http://link.springer.com/journal/12549)","snPcode":"12550","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12550/3","title":"Mycotoxin Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5353b827-8dde-43c6-a8ae-2be0c0fd39e8","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-23T16:03:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6269447","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00630-0","journal":{"identity":"mycotoxin-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Mycotoxin Research"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-18 15:59:27","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 18th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-11 07:44:50","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00630-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00630-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6269447","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6269447","identity":"rs-6269447","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}