Keywords
Uterine Fibroid, Breast Cancer, Molecular Docking, IRS Protein, BRCA1,
BRCA2, MED12-a, Endometriosis
1. Introduction
1.1. LifeGreen™
LifeGreen™ Cactus Powder is known as a highly concentrated cactus extract which
made using 22 different types of fruit and vegetable extracts, Italian mixed berries,
and TRUEBROC® broccoli seed extract, a US-patented ingredient, Oxxynea® is a
popular French health drink. According to studies, cactus polysaccharides having
the ability to boost immunity and inhibit abnormal cell developments when con-
sumed over time. In addition, Truebroc® broccoli seed extract promotes aberrant
cell death, reduces abnormal cell blood supply, and prevents abnormal cell repro-
duction and spread. Figure 1 shows the packaging of the LifeGreen™ Beverage [1].
1.2. Ingredients and Benefits
LifeGreen™ contains Italian Premium Mixed Berries (Blueberry, Blackcurrant,
Raspberry, Elderberry, Red Grape, Strawberry, Cranberry), Cactus Powder, Oxxy-
nea® (Green Tea Extract, Red Grape Extract, White Grape Extract, Bilberry, Car-
rot, Grapefruit, Papaya, Pineapple, Strawberry, Apple, Apricot, Cherry, Ora nge,
Broccoli, Green Cabbage, Onion, Garlic, Olive, Cucumber, Blackcurrant, Tomato,
Asparagus), TRUEBROC
® broccoli seed extract, and immune deficiencies include
fatigue and weakness, allergies, and the need to restore immunity. Moreover, Life-
Green™’s ingre dients, particularly Cactus Powder, have been extensively re-
searched and studied for their anticancer effects. Figure 2 shows the picture of
LifeGreen™ Beverage drink [1].
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 61 Computational Molecular Bioscience
Figure 1 . Lifegreen™ Beverage sachet and packaging [1].
Figure 2 . Lifegreen™ Beverage drink [1].
1.3. Cancer Cell Growth
The body creates molecules are known as growth factors, which govern cell divi-
sion. Growth factors occur in a number of types and each operate s differently.
Some growth factors advise cells on how to specialize and what type of cell they
should become. Some cause cell division and proliferation to generate new cells.
Cells can be told to cease growing or die. Growth factors operate by binding to
cell surface receptors. This sends a signal to the cell’s inside, initiating a sequence
of complex chemical reactions. There are multiple different growth factors [2] .
These include epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor
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(VEGF), platelet -derived endothelial growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast
growth factor (FGF), which all regulate cell growth. Each growth factor works
by attaching to it s corresponding cell surface receptor. For example, epidermal
growth factor (EGF) interacts with the EGFR. Tyrosine Kinases are chemical
messengers (enzymes) that control cells ’ capacity to divide and grow. Similar
to an “ on-off” switch feature , Tyrosine kinase is activated when a growth fac-
tor attaches to a cell ’s surface. This will prompt cell division as shown in Figure
3 [2].
1.4. Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids, also known as leiomyoma or myoma, are frequent tumors that develop
in the uterine wall or muscle. Fibroids in women of their reproductive years can
present as single or multiple growths. Fibroids are uncommon in women who
have not yet started menstruation, although they afflict around 20% of women of
reproductive age. Usually, growth slows after menopause [3] . Fibroids can be
classified into various types based on where they exist. The submucosal fibroid is
a fibroid that usually develops inside the uterus while intramural fibroid is a fi-
broid that develops within the musculature of the uterine wall. Moreover, su b-
serosa fibroid is known as a uterine fibroid that protrudes from the body. Lastly,
a fibroid with a stalk that extent from the uterus into the pelvis or else disco v-
ered inside the inner uterine cavity and extends through cervix is known as p e-
dunculated fibroid. Figure 4 shows the locations of the various types of fibroids
[4].
Despite their benign nature, they can grow rapidly and dramatically [5] . They
produce heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding (HMB), which leads to severe
anemia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pressure and discomfort, urinary incontinence,
dyspareunia, infertility, premature labor, and recurrent early and late pregnancy
losses [6]. More than 70% of women have UFs, with only around 30% experiencing
Figure 3 . The cancer cells growth factor that affects the body [2].
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Figure 4 . The common locations for uterine fibroid to occur [4].
symptoms, making UFs the most common clinical cause for hysterectomy,
which removes a woman’s capacity to produce early [7].
1.5. Breast Cancer Cells (IRS-1)
Breast cancer is the world ’s second most frequent illness, affecting more women
than any other malignancy. The two most common types of breast cancer are
ductal and lobular. In situ (localized to a single location), ductal and lobular
cancers account for 85 % - 90% and 8% of all breast cancers, respectively. In a d-
dition, aggressive inflammatory breast cancers exist, as do invasive ductal and lo-
bular tumors. Although chemotherapy has been demonstrated to improve breast
cancer patients’ survival rates, a significant minority of individuals only have a
brief response to the treatment before succumbing to metastatic disease. IRS1
has been shown to enhance breast cancer cell growth rather than prevent ing
metastasis [8].
Figure 5 shows the process of IRS- 1 occurring before metas tasis
happen in which responsible for the growth of breast cancer cell [9].
1.6. BRCA 1 & BRCA 2
People protecting injurious variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes aspect signifi-
cantly higher risks of emerging various cancers, together with breast, ovarian,
fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers [10] . The in cidence of these m u-
tations significantly rises the lifetime risk of cancer onset, with pretentious
people often facing earlier age of cancer diagnosis equated to the general popula-
tion. While BRCA mutations are sturdily associated with increased cancer risk,
the extent of risk variability amongst carriers is inclined by various factors [10] .
These issues include environmental contacts, lifestyle choices, hormonal effects,
and genetic modifiers that may interrelate with BRCA mutations to modulate
cancer susceptibility. In spite of extensive research, some of these factors remain
somewhat characterized, highlighting the need for further investigation into the
complex in terplay between genetic and environmental determinants of cancer
risk [11].
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Figure 5 . The process of IRS -1 occurring before metastasis happens causes breast cancer
cell growth.
1.7. MED12-a
Tumors did not exhibit more than one mutation, and previous research did not
address the MED12 mutation status of multiple leiomyomas in one patient.
Multiple uterine leiomyomas appeared to have a higher incidence of MED12
mutations compared to single uterine leiomyomas (72.73% versus 59.26%), a l-
though this difference was not statistically significant [12]. Moreover, patients
with multiple leiomyomas exhibited smaller mean sizes of leiomyomas signifi-
cantly, consistent with previous research. Nearly twofold difference in MED12
mutation frequency between multiple and single uterine leiomyomas from a c o-
hort of 122 patients. However, they could not establish a significant association
between MED12 mutation and tumor size [12] . Therefore, larger sample sizes
are required to evaluate the relationship between MED12 mutation frequency
and the number or size of uterine leiomyomas. MED12 mutation has also been
detected in other uterine tumors such as leiomyosarcoma s and smooth muscle
tumors of uncertain malignant potential, but not in tumors of other organs. I n-
terestingly, breast fibroadenoma also harbored highly frequent MED12 mut a-
tions. Whole exome sequencing revealed no genes other than MED12 mutation
in MED12 mutation-positive and -negative leiomyomas, suggesting that MED12
mutation alone may be sufficient for leiomyoma tumorigenesis [12].
1.8. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a multifaceted gynecological state affecting 10% - 15% of r e-
productive-age females and around 70% of women facing persistent pelvic pain.
While the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum are the primary sites of endometriotic
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lesions, they can also patent in various other locations inside the body [13]. The
etiologic of endometriosis- associated pain remains poorly unspoken, with i n-
flammation broadly believed to play a significant role. Despite fruitful surgical
interventions, recurrence of symptoms is communal, underscoring the chronic
nature of the condition. Endometriosis poses a substantial economic burden,
particularly in countries like India, with costs estimated a t approximately 1 to 2
lakhs per affected woman. The participation of structures such as the uterosacral
ligaments, posterior vaginal wall, rectovaginal space, intestines, and urinary sy s-
tem is frequently experiential in endometriosis cases. Various studie s have e x-
plored the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis -associated infertili-
ty, highlighting factors such as apoptosis, cell cycle alterations, and oxidative
stress in granulosa cells. Moreover, recent research endeavors have sought to
elucidate the role of MED12 mutations in endometriosis pathogenesis, revealing
disruptions in cellular interactions and signaling pathways [13].
2. Methodology
LifeGreen™ uses proteomic computing to identify compounds that can interact
with IRS-1 (breast cancer cells) as well as BRCA 1 and 2 - 1QQG, 7B5Q & 7B5O
and endometriosis and mutated Med -a (uterine fibroid) -2AYR, 3GRF & 6T41
proteins [14]. Furthermore, additional research and investigations on each effec-
tive molecule with the highest binding energy and its advantages to human
health. Figure 6 shows the general methodology of this research while Figure 7
Figure 6 . Overview of the whole methodology
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until Figure 1 0 shows the in-depth methodology.
2.1. Phase 1: Metabolomics Analysis
In Figure 7 , in chromatography process, separation was performed using The r-
mo Scientific C18 column (Acclaim TM Polar Advantage II, 3 × 150 mm, 3 um
particle size) on an UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system (Dionex) [15] . Gradient elu-
tion was performed at flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and 40˚C column temperature
using H2O + 0.1% Formic Acid (A) and 100% ACN (B) with 22 minutes total
run time. The injection volume o f sample was 5 ul. The gradient started at 5% B
(0 - 3 min); 80% B (3 - 10 min); 80% B (10 - 15 min) and 5% B (15 - 22 min). For
mass-spectrophotometry, sample is analyzed with positive ionization parameter
[15], Table 1 .
In data processing steps, the accurate mass data of the molecular ions, pr o-
vided by the TOF analyzer, were processed by Compass Data Analysis software
Figure 7 . Phase 1: Metabolomics Analysis.
Table 1 . Positive mode ionization.
Acquisition Parameter
Source Type ESI Ion Polarity Positive Set Nebulizer 2.0
Focus Active Set Capillary 4500 V Set Dry Heater 300˚C
Scan Begin 50 m/z Set End Place Offset −500 V Set Dry Gas 8.0 l/min
Scan End 1500 m/z Set Collision Cell RF 200.0 Vpp Set Divert Valve Waste
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(Bruker Daltonik GmbH). Further process by using metfrag (In silico fragmen-
tation for computer assisted identification of metabolite mass spectra) in order
to pull out the list of compound present in each peak presented by LC -MS/TOF
[16] gi-bin/portal.py#welcome.
2.2. Phase 2: Compound Analysis
Before proceeding with the analysis, each compound underwent meticulous
quality control procedures employing ZoBio by NMR, ensuring the integrity
and reliability of subsequent results. Following this initial step, the compounds
were subjected to an array of sophisticated analyses aimed at elucidating their
properties and functions. Significance testing was employed to discern me a-
ningful patterns and deviations within the dataset, shedding light on potential
biological implications. Quantitation- pattern recognition techniques were a p-
plied to discern quantitative relationships and trends within the data, facilitat-
ing a deeper understandin g of compound behavior. Compound assignment
methodologies were utilized to accurately identify and classify each co m-
pound, ensuring precise cataloguing and characterization. Finally, functional
assessment protocols were implemented to assess the biological activities and
potential applications of the compounds, providing valuable insights for further
research,
Figure 8 .
2.3. Phase 3: Protein Analysis
During this third phase of the study Figure 9 , an extensive protein analysis was
undertaken utilizing resources available on the Protein Data Bank (PDB)
https://www.rcsb.org/
website [17]. This involved a meticulous examination of
protein structures and relevant data to glean insights into the molecular
Figure 8 . Phase 2: Compound analysis.
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Figure 9 . Phase 3: Protein analysis of 1QQG, 2AYR, 3GRF, 6T41, 7B5Q and 7B5O.
Table 2 . Breast cancer and uterine fibroid flow.
Breast Cancer Uterine Fibroid
IRS-1 BRCA1 & BRCA 2 Endometriosis MED a (mutated)
IRS1 was found to promote
breast cancer cell proliferation
XPB & XPD Tissue lining grows
outside the uterus CDK 8/Cyclin C.
TFIIH
1QQG 7B5Q & 7B5O 2AYR 3RGF & 6T41
underpinnings of the investigated conditions. To augment our understanding, a
thorough literature review was conducted. This involved delving into published
studies and scientific literature to identify and elucidate the roles of specific pro-
teins implicated in breast cancer and uterine fibroids. By synthesizing inform a-
tion from various sources, we aimed to pinpoint key proteins associated with
these diseases, providing a comprehensive foundation for our research.
Table 2
serves as a comprehensive repository of the gathered results pertaining to both
breast cancer and uterine fibroids. This tabulated data offers a detailed overview
of the proteins identified and their respective implications in the pathogenesis of
these conditions. Through meticulous documentation and analysis, we aim to
uncover potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, contributing to the a d-
vancement of diagnostics and treatment strategies for breast cancer and uterine
fibroids.
2.4. Phase 4 and Phase 5: Protein-Ligand Interactions and
Molecular Docking
In Figure 1 0, proteomic molecular docking represents a sophisticated computa-
tional approach used in the field of proteomics to predict and analyses the
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Figure 1 0. Phase 4: Protein-Ligand Interaction (RPBS) and Phase 5: Molecular Docking.
interactions between proteins and other molecules, Achilles Blind Docking
Server, https://bio-hpc.ucam.edu/achilles/. This method integrates principles
from both proteomics and molecular docking, leveraging computational alg o-
rithms to simulate and predict the binding affinity and spatial or ientation of
proteins with various ligands, substrates, or inhibitors. The process typically b e-
gins with the identification of target proteins of interest through proteomic
techniques such as mass spectrometry or protein microarrays. Once the target
proteins are identified, molecular docking algorithms are employed to simulate
the binding interactions between these proteins and small molecules, peptides,
or other proteins. These docking algorithms use complex scoring functions and
search algorithms to explo re the conformational space and predict the most
energetically favorable binding poses between the proteins and their ligands. By
analyzing these predicted binding conformations, researchers can gain valuable
insights into the molecular mechanisms underlyi ng protein-ligand interactions,
including the identification of key binding residues and structural determinants.
Proteomic molecular docking holds significant promise for various applications
in drug discovery, structural biology, and systems pharmacology . It enables the
screening of large compound libraries to identify potential drug candidates or
lead compounds that modulate the activity of target proteins implicated in di s-
eases. Additionally, it facilitates the elucidation of protein -protein interaction
networks and signaling pathways, providing valuable insights into complex bio-
logical processes and disease mechanisms.
3. Results
3.1. LC-TOF-MS
In Figure 1 1, the chemical composition of LifeGreen TM samples, LC- TOF MS
analysis emerged as a pivotal investigative tool, yielding a comprehensive co m-
pound spectrum graph delineating the peaks indicative of molecular entities
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Figure 1 1. Shows the compound spectrum graph and its peaks.
present within the samples. Notably, the analysis revealed approximately 140
distinct compounds, with varying degrees of detectability attributable to the i n-
herent limitations posed by sample composition and instrumental sensitivity.
Within this array, certain compounds wer e readily discernible, while others r e-
mained undetected, a phenomenon attributed to the relatively sparse population
of compounds within the samples.
In our examination of the compound spectrum graph, each peak was charac-
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terized by its corresponding retent ion time (RT) in minutes, intensity, si g-
nal-to-noise ratio, maximum mass -to-charge ratio (m/z), and area under the
peak. These parameters collectively provided insights into the abundance, purity,
and spectral characteristics of the identified compounds. F urthermore, to au g-
ment our understanding of the molecular identities associated with the observed
peaks, collision energy (eV) values were assigned to selected peaks, facilitating
subsequent tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses.
To unveil the chemical identities corresponding to the observed peaks, we
employed the computational tools afforded by MetFrag. Leveraging the spectral
information encapsulated within the LC -TOF MS data, MetFrag facilitated the
deconvolution of complex spectra, enabling the retrieval and annotation of puta-
tive compounds associated with each peak,
Table 3 .
Table 3 . Shows the compound spectrum list of LifeGreenTM.
# RT [min] Area Int. Type I S/N Chromatogram Max. m/z
1 0.3 14319 MolFeatur 2290 25.4 158.9642
2 1.1 7552 MolFeatur 364 8.1 892.302
3 1.1 24660 MolFeatur 858 4.9 1297.4271
4 1.1 16541 MolFeatur 814 3.9 1135.3787
5 1.1 25047 MolFeatur 2021 7.7 325.1159
6 1.1 13410 MolFeatur 364 3.9 1378.9585
7 1.1 21376 MolFeatur 1240 5.8 973.3256
8 1.1 11438 MolFeatur 889 9.9 487.165
9 1.1 17711 MolFeatur 1216 13.5 649.221
10 1.3 46188 MolFeatur 2300 3.2 125.9873
11 1.3 11554 MolFeatur 595 3.3 153.0319
12 1.4 41690 MolFeatur 2138 7.8 143.998
13 1.4 78569 AutoMS(n) 5811 66.7 AutoMSn (242.0010) 218.9853
14 1.8 50134 AutoMS(n) 9113 116 AutoMSn (147.0776) 147.0777
15 1.9 49668 AutoMS(n) 5860 73 AutoMSn (309.1324) 325.1181
16 1.9 222361 AutoMS(n) 14,913 72.4 AutoMSn (163.0613) 325.118
17 1.9 462886 AutoMS(n) 63,448 664.5 AutoMSn (325.1166) 325.1181
18 1.9 59405 AutoMS(n) 5810 63 AutoMSn (203.0533) 325.118
19 1.9 3860 MolFeatur 2800 49.8 265.0968
20 1.9 781734 MolFeatur 41,601 425.2 325.118
21 2 79661 AutoMS(n) 8555 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092) 163.0609
22 2 11871 MolFeatur 8484 96.9 365.1103
23 2.1 66073 MolFeatur 1004 10.8 145.0516
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Continued
24 2.1 170832 MolFeatur 1939 21.2 163.0615
25 2.2 188364 MolFeatur 1939 21.2 163.0614
26 2.2 35326 MolFeatur 459 3.7 973.3298
27 2.2 41514 MolFeatur 489 4.5 1054.3589
28 2.2 50877 MolFeatur 684 7.6 1135.3881
29 2.3 14168 MolFeatur 283 3.1 1236.9162
30 2.3 46769 MolFeatur 563 6.3 1216.9174
31 2.4 7917 MolFeatur 984 9.3 497.1519
32 2.4 6183 MolFeatur 612 6.6 198.0778
33 2.4 49982 MolFeatur 534 3 1297.4404
34 2.5 23467 MolFeatur 383 3.3 1378.9711
35 2.5 18898 MolFeatur 345 3.8 1387.9728
36 2.5 11851 MolFeatur 318 3.5 1460
37 2.5 8619 MolFeatur 319 3.8 1469.0016
38 2.6 12885 MolFeatur 1764 13.7 307.0905
39 2.6 29720 AutoMS(n) 7065 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092) 136.064
40 2.6 4844 MolFeatur 356 4 117.0568
41 2.6 17930 MolFeatur 954 10.4 163.062
42 2.7 24200 MolFeatur 1679 8.2 294.1604
43 2.8 24504 MolFeatur 749 3.3 261.0418
44 2.8 7757 MolFeatur 343 3.9 1423.7855
45 3 44717 AutoMS(n) 6350 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523) 215.0195
46 3.1 19762 MolFeatur 8840 62.6 230.994
47 3.1 131922 AutoMS(n) 8910 93 AutoMSn (230.9921) 215.0192
48 3.1 316934 AutoMS(n) 24,784 315.4 AutoMSn (407.0478) 215.0193
49 3.1 749494 AutoMS(n) 54,493 349.9 AutoMSn (215.0178) 215.0192
50 3.1 102957 AutoMS(n) 7504 67.5 AutoMSn (193.0361) 215.0192
51 3.1 103373 AutoMS(n) 6945 60.7 AutoMSn (308.0244) 215.0191
52 3.1 95222 MolFeatur 4404 48.9 193.0371
53 3.2 301781 MolFeatur 12,438 138.2 215.0194
54 3.3 697424 MolFeatur 20,160 149.4 215.0191
55 3.7 10392 MolFeatur 1057 8.2 302.0911
56 3.7 8383 MolFeatur 909 7.5 166.0876
57 4.1 8535 MolFeatur 321 3.6 328.1426
58 4.4 11022 MolFeatur 710 4.9 277.1583
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Continued
59 5.4 12378 MolFeatur 548 4.7 460.0383
60 5.4 20326 MolFeatur 925 10.3 358.1004
61 5.4 14422 MolFeatur 737 8.2 196.0475
62 6.4 11266 MolFeatur 873 9.5 311.1273
63 6.5 6705 MolFeatur 361 4 361.1123
64 7 3669 MolFeatur 315 3.5 389.1815
65 7.3 247093 AutoMS(n) 60,926 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649) 251.0943
66 7.4 3888 MolFeatur 306 3.4 896.4008
67 7.5 5669 MolFeatur 416 4.6 476.2284
68 7.6 1454 MolFeatur 396 6.8 703.351
69 7.6 297019 AutoMS(n) 60,619 549 AutoMSn (589.2497) 295.1332
70 7.6 1613847 AutoMS(n) 294,260 3251.2 AutoMSn (295.1298) 295.1332
71 7.6 27313 AutoMS(n) 5368 44.5 AutoMSn (611.2289) 295.1332
72 7.6 36156 MolFeatur 17,093 379.8 590.255
73 7.6 1860691 MolFeatur 99,937 41.2 295.1331
74 7.7 8045 MolFeatur 5178 44.1 287.0581
75 7.7 94945 AutoMS(n) 9837 82.1 AutoMSn (279.0470) 295.1315
76 7.7 39453 AutoMS(n) 5249 51.3 AutoMSn (449.1033) 295.1315
77 7.7 143129 MolFeatur 6626 22.2 279.0498
78 7.8 39909 MolFeatur 1495 7.3 211.06
79 7.9 5869 MolFeatur 451 10 1156.4916
80 8 6146 MolFeatur 844 6.9 453.2078
81 8 8300 MolFeatur 459 5.1 247.0831
82 8 7534 MolFeatur 1513 16.8 195.0889
83 8.2 11008 MolFeatur 1359 30.2 765.2588
84 8.2 4727 MolFeatur 631 6.7 635.2532
85 8.3 49149 AutoMS(n) 7874 68.1 AutoMSn (362.2406) 362.2436
86 8.3 28410 AutoMS(n) 6319 66.5 AutoMSn (340.2600) 322.2509
87 8.4 16121 MolFeatur 1257 12 481.1332
88 8.6 2674 MolFeatur 317 3.5 787.2362
89 8.7 16551 MolFeatur 846 9.4 141.0545
90 8.8 3726 MolFeatur 1266 4.9 429.1734
91 8.8 103448 AutoMS(n) 12,920 116.5 AutoMSn (475.3227) 475.3273
92 8.8 52265 AutoMS(n) 6608 60.4 AutoMSn (453.3422) 453.3441
93 8.9 11754 MolFeatur 723 8 625.1779
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Continued
94 8.9 76886 AutoMS(n) 11,827 104.2 AutoMSn (566.4229) 566.4304
95 8.9 115283 AutoMS(n) 14,400 107.5 AutoMSn (588.4059) 588.4125
96 8.9 57648 AutoMS(n) 9152 93.9 AutoMSn (283.7180) 588.4104
97 9.1 410677 AutoMS(n) 72,826 766.7 AutoMSn (340.2600) 114.0925
98 9.1 212347 AutoMS(n) 39,912 260.3 AutoMSn (679.5096) 679.5153
99 9.1 175923 AutoMS(n) 28,600 176.1 AutoMSn (701.4907) 701.4972
100 9.1 855268 MolFeatur 32,414 37.6 114.0925
101 9.2 257033 MolFeatur 9413 209.2 701.4972
102 9.2 549469 AutoMS(n) 69,035 633.7 AutoMSn (396.8013) 396.8049
103 9.2 137634 AutoMS(n) 17,220 114.8 AutoMSn (814.5751) 814.5812
104 9.2 122930 AutoMS(n) 15,509 123.3 AutoMSn (792.5921) 396.8049
105 9.3 AutoMS(n) 5379 AutoMS (n): TIC + MS2 (340.2587)
106 9.3 207392 AutoMS(n) 28,786 404.8 AutoMSn (274.2738) 274.2773
107 9.3 50477 AutoMS(n) 6733 71.2 AutoMSn (318.2989) 274.277
108 9.5 7283 MolFeatur 638 6.2 155.047
109 9.5 26104 MolFeatur 12,699 61.1 183.0786
110 9.5 75436 AutoMS(n) 12,781 152.9 AutoMSn (183.0768) 183.0786
111 9.5 34410 AutoMS(n) 7875 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694) 183.0787
112 9.5 13638 MolFeatur 7844 151.7 290.2727
113 10 18573 MolFeatur 2371 3.6 389.2515
114 10.1 8421 MolFeatur 1406 15.6 304.3024
115 10.1 3945 MolFeatur 618 4.9 318.3028
116 10.4 8374 MolFeatur 998 7.1 188.0479
117 10.4 21705 MolFeatur 2542 3.8 447.2916
118 10.9 12476 MolFeatur 1335 5.2 505.3321
119 11.3 2349 MolFeatur 273 3 235.1688
120 11.5 8109 MolFeatur 621 6 343.2974
121 11.6 25151 MolFeatur 3668 40.8 288.2552
122 11.8 12750 MolFeatur 2517 36.2 225.1943
123 12.3 37695 MolFeatur 1329 14.8 239.1618
124 12.3 15554 MolFeatur 2306 25.6 199.1688
125 12.3 12451 MolFeatur 1074 8.8 209.1528
126 13 4050 MolFeatur 693 3.8 421.2309
127 13.2 25382 MolFeatur 3875 43.1 383.2033
128 13.2 115665 MolFeatur 544 6 506.3295
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Continued
129 13.9 31914 MolFeatur 4401 48.9 425.2118
130 13.9 6244 MolFeatur 835 9.3 441.1855
131 14.2 5321 MolFeatur 726 8.1 370.2006
132 15 277893 MolFeatur 832 6.1 907.7663
133 15 138295 MolFeatur 484 3.9 404.3161
134 15.4 9501 MolFeatur 870 8 398.2321
135 16.2 324760 MolFeatur 933 5.5 758.5641
136 16.3 398562 MolFeatur 1304 6.2 603.5311
137 16.6 54641 MolFeatur 379 3.8 782.5625
138 16.7 257755 MolFeatur 1157 9 756.5476
139 17.3 43661 MolFeatur 317 3.4 897.7209
140 17.3 432817 MolFeatur 1504 10.7 923.74
3.2. MetFrag
In Table A1, through the utilization of MetFrag, a comprehensive compilation of
compounds was extracted from each designated peak within the compound spec-
trum graph generated via LC-TOF MS analysis of the LifeGreenTM samples. These
compounds were meticulously identified, characterized, and annotated, facilitating
the elucidation of their chemical nature and potential functional attributes [18].
Each identified compound was assigned a canoni cal SMILES (Simplified M o-
lecular Input Line Entry System) representation, serving as a concise yet co m-
prehensive descriptor of its molecular structure. Additionally, molecular form u-
las were determined, encapsulating the precise arrangement of atoms constit ut-
ing each compound, thus providing crucial insights into their elemental comp o-
sition and stoichiometry [18]. The benefits and potential applications associated
with each identified compound were elucidated, leveraging existing knowledge
and literature resources. These benefits encompassed a diverse array of domains,
including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food science, cosmetics, and enviro n-
mental remediation, among others [18].
By integrating the structural information derived from canonical SMILES no-
tation and molecular formulas with the contextual understanding of their fun c-
tional properties, a holistic perspective on the chemical constituents present
within the LifeGreen
TM samples was attained, Table 4.
3.3. LifeGreen™ Compounds
3.3.1. Swiss-ADME
The compiled list of 117 compounds extracted from the LC -TOF MS analysis of
LifeGreenTM samples underwent comprehensive evaluation via SwissADME, a
robust computational platform designed to assess various pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic parameters crucial for drug discovery and development [19] .
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 76 Computational Molecular Bioscience
Table 4. Shows list of compounds in LifeGreenTM.
COMPOUND NAME FORMULA SMILES
Phenethyl anthranilate C15H15NO2 C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N
D-glutamine C5H10N2O3 C(CC(=O)N)C(C(=O)O)N
Citrus red 2 C18H16N2O3 COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)N=NC2=C(C=CC3=CC=CC=C32
)O
1,5-Anhydro-D-fructose C6H10O5 C1C(=O)C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O
Bis-D-fructose 2’,1:2,1’-dianhydride C12H20O10 C1C2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OCC3(O1)C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O
Bergaptol C11H6O4 C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C(C=CO3)C(=C21)O
Bergapten C12H8O4 COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3
Isobergaptol C11H6O4 C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C=CO3)O
Abscisic acid C15H20O4 CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(=CC(=O)O)C)O)(C)C
(-)-Abscisic acid CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(=CC(=O)O)C)O)(C)C
(+)-8’-Hydroxyabscisic acid C15H20O5 CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(=CC(=O)O)C)O)(C)CO
(+)-abscisic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester C21H30O9 CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1(C=CC(=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO
)O)O)O)C)O)(C)C
D-Fructofuranose 1,2’’:2,3’’-dianhydride C12H20O10 C1C2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OC3C(C(OC3(O1)CO)CO)O
10-Hydroxycamptothecin C20H16N2O5 CCC1(C2=C(COC1=O)C(=O)N3CC4=C(C3=C2)N=C5C=C
C(=CC5=C4)O)O
2-(Hydroxymethyl)pentanedioic acid C6H10O5 C(CC(=O)O)C(CO)C(=O)O
Adenosin C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N
4-hydroxycoumarin C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC(=O)O2)O
Alpha-beta-Dihydroresveratrol C14H14O3 C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O)O
Casticin C19H18O8 COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)O
C)OC)O)OC)O
4-nitrophenylalanine C9H10N2O4 C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)[N+](=O)[O-]
citrate C6H8O7 C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O
3-Hydroxy-3-Carboxy-Adipic Acid C7H10O7 C(CC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
(1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid C7H10O7 C(CC(=O)O)C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
(2R)-dihomocitric acid C8H12O7 C(CC(=O)O)CC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O
(-)-Threo-isodihomocitric acid C8H12O7 C(CC(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O)CC(=O)O
(2R)-trihomocitric acid C9H14O7 C(CCC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O)CC(=O)O
1-Hydroxyhexane-1,2,6-tricarboxylate C9H14O7 C(CCC(=O)O)CC(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
Riccionidin A C15H9O6+ C1=C2C=C3C(=C4C(=CC(=CC4=[OH+])O)O3)OC2=CC(=
C1O)O
Scopoletin C10H8O4 COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)O
2-Deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate C5H11O7P C1C(C(OC1O)COP(=O)(O)O)O
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Continued
cyanidin C15H11O6+ C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O)
O)O
Dinoflagellate luciferin C33H40N4O6 CCC1=C(NC(=C1C)CC2C(=C(C(=O)N2)C)C=C)CC3=C(C
4=C(N3)C(=C5C(C(C(N5)C(=O)O)C)CCC(=O)O)CC4=O)
C
(3S,4S,5E)-4-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-[2-({5-[(3-ethenyl
-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)met
hyl]-3-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl}methyl)-3-
me-
thyl-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-6(
1H)-ylidene]-3-methyl-L-proline
C33H38N4O7 CCC1=C(NC(=C1C)CC2C(=C(C(=O)N2)C)C=C)CC3=C(C
4=C(N3)C(=C5C(C(C(N5)C(=O)O)C)CCC(=O)O)C(=O)C4
=O)C
N-Glycosyl-L-asparagine C10H18N2O8 C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)NC(=O)CC(C(=O)O)N)O)O)O)O
Hesperidin C28H34O15 CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C
C(OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
Methyl hesperidin C29H36O15 CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=O)C
C(OC4=C3)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
Arbutin C12H16O7 C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O
alpha-Arbutin C12H16O7 C1=CC(=CC=C1O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O
Methylarbutin C13H18O7 COC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O
Quercitrin C21H20O11 CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C
4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O
3’’,5’’-Dihydroxyflavanone C15H12O4 C1C(OC2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C3=CC(=CC(=C3)O)O
(2S)-2’,7-Dimethoxy-3’,5-dihydroxyflavanone C17H16O6 COC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)O)O
C)O
Orientin C21H20O11 C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C
4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O
Evocarpine C23H33NO CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C
(Z)-1-Methyl-2-(tridec-8-en-1-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-
one
C23H33NO CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C
Aspalathin C21H24O11 C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)C3C(C(C(
C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
1-Stearoylglycerophosphocholine C26H55NO7P+ CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCC[
N+](C)(C)C)O
1-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine C26H54NO7P CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)([O-])OC
C[N+](C)(C)C)O
Sinigrin C10H17NO9S2 C=CCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O
Spirilloxanthin C42H60O2 CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=
C(C)C=CCC(C)(C)OC)C)C)C=CCC(C)(C)OC
Aridanin C38H61NO8 CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)C)CCC4(C3CC
=C5C4(CCC6(C5CC(CC6)(C)C)C(=O)O)C)C)C)CO)O)O
1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-
3-phosphoethanolamine
C39H76NO8P CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(=O)(O)OCCN)O
C(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC
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Continued
Hexadecasphinganine C16H35NO2 CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(CO)N)O
Phytosphingosine C18H39NO3 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(C(CO)N)O)O
Piperonal C8H6O3 C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C=O
Lupanine C15H24N2O C1CCN2CC3CC(C2C1)CN4C3CCCC4=O
Flavanone C15H12O2 C1C(OC2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)C3=CC=CC=C3
2-hydroxy flavone C22H26ClNO4 CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)OCC(
CNC(C)C)O.Cl
Dihydrostillbene base C14H12O2 C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O
5-Sulfosalicylate C7H6O6S C1=CC(=C(C=C1S(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)O)O
Glabranin C20H20O4 CC(=CCC1=C(C=C(C2=C1OC(CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O)
O)C
2-Deoxy-scyllo-inosose C6H10O5 C1C(C(C(C(C1=O)O)O)O)O
Acetanilide C8H9NO CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1
Niridazole C6H6N4O3S C1CN(C(=O)N1)C2=NC=C(S2)[N+](=O)[O-]
Citrinin C13H14O5 [H][C@]1(C)OC=C2C(O)=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C(C)=C2[C@]
1([H])C
Aspartame C14H18N2O5 COC(=O)C(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)N
epsilon-Caprolactam C6H11NO C1CCC(=O)NCC1
cis-3-(3-Carboxyethenyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-
diol
C9H10O4 C1=CC(C(C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O)O)O
Isobavachalcone C20H20O4 CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1O)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O
)O)C
Glabridin C20H20O4 CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OCC(C3)C4=C(C=C(C=C4)
O)O)C
Mycocyclosin C18H16N2O4 C1C2C(=O)NC(CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)C4=C(C=CC1=C4)O
)C(=O)N2
2,3-Dehydro-UWM6 C19H16O5 CC1=CC(=O)C2C3=C(C(=O)CC2(C1)O)C(=C4C(=C3)C=C
C=C4O)O
Prazepam C19H17ClN2O C1CC1CN2C(=O)CN=C(C3=C2C=CC(=C3)Cl)C4=CC=CC
=C4
(-)-Phaseollinisoflavan C20H20O4 CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=CC(=C2O)C3CC4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)
OC3)C
Phaseollidin C20H20O4 CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC3C2COC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O)
O)C
Bis-D-fructose 2’’,1:2,1’’-dianhydride C12H20O10 C1C2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OCC3(O1)C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O
2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate C6H10O5 CC(C(CC(=O)C(=O)O)O)O
2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate C6H10O5 CC(C(CC(=O)C(=O)O)O)O
2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate C6H10O5 CC(C(CC(=O)C(=O)O)O)O
Diethyl pyrocarbonate C6H10O5 CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC
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3,6-Anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose C6H10O5 C1C2C(C(O1)C(C(O2)O)O)O
Eugenol quinone methide C10H10O2 COC1=CC(=CC=C)C=CC1=O
Methyl cinnamate C10H10O2 COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde C10H10O2 COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC=O
2-Hydroxymethylserine C4H9NO4 C(C(CO)(C(=O)O)N)O
2-Phenylacetamide C8H9NO C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)N
4-Hydroxy-L-threonine C4H9NO4 C(C(C(C(=O)O)N)O)O
N-Benzylformamide C8H9NO C1=CC=C(C=C1)CNC=O
Adenine C5H5N5 C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC=N2)N
(E)-Phenylacetaldoxime C8H9NO C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=NO
(Z)-Phenylacetaldehyde oxime C8H9NO C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=NO
Dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione C12H6O4 C1=CC=C2C(=C1)OC3=CC(=O)C(=O)C=C3O2
5-Deoxyribose-1-phosphate C5H11O7P CC1C(C(C(O1)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O
2-Deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate C5H11O7P C1C(C(OC1OP(=O)(O)O)CO)O
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate C5H11O7P CC(=O)C(C(COP(=O)(O)O)O)O
3,5-Dinitroguaiacol C7H6N2O6 COC1=C(C=C(C=C1O)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
2-(5’’-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid C10H18O5S CSCCCCCC(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O
3-(5’’-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid C10H18O5S CSCCCCCC(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
3-(m-Aminophenyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)acrylon
itrile
C16H14N2O COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=CC2=CC(=CC=C2)N)C#N
Glycophymoline C16H14N2O COC1=NC(=NC2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=CC=C3
Flindersiachromone C17H14O2 C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC2=CC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3O2
Arborine C16H14N2O CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N=C1CC3=CC=CC=C3
4,4’’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate C15H10N2O2 C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)N=C=O)N=C=O
Methaqualone C16H14N2O CC1=CC=CC=C1N2C(=NC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)C
Triamiphos C12H19N6OP CN(C)P(=O)(N1C(=NC(=N1)C2=CC=CC=C2)N)N(C)C
2-[3-Ethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]
phenol
C18H18N2O2 CCC1=C(C(=NN1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C3=CC=CC=C3O
(2-Butylbenzofuran-3-yl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)keton
e
C19H18O3 CCCCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2O1)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O
Tutin C15H18O6 CC(=C)C1C2C(C3(C4(CO4)C5C(C3(C1C(=O)O2)O)O5)C)
O
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde C9H10O4 COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(C=O)O)O
(R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate C9H10O4 C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)O)O
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate C9H10O4 C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCC(=O)O)O)O
2’’,6’’-Dihydroxy-4’’-methoxyacetophenone C9H10O4 CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1O)OC)O
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Continued
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate C9H10O4 C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)O)O
Homovanillate C9H10O4 COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC(=O)O)O
3-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate C9H10O4 C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)CCC(=O)O
Mannitol C6H14O6 C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O
D-Sorbitol C6H14O6 C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O
This systematic scrutiny aimed to discern the compounds exhibiting favorable
pharmacological properties conducive to combatting breast cancer and uterine
fibroids, thus offering promising avenues for therapeutic intervention. Within
this rigorous evaluation framework, several key metrics were scrutinized, i n-
cluding compliance with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, a pivotal criterion for predicting
oral bioavailability and permeability of potential drug candidates. Additionally,
lead-likeness, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor counts, and bioavailability
scores were meticulously examined, offering valuable insights into the co m-
pounds’ drug-like properties and therapeutic potential [19] . By leveraging the
insights gleaned from SwissADME analysis, compounds exhibiting optimal
pharmacokinetic profiles and bioavailability were identified as prime candidates
for further investig ation and therapeutic development. These compounds, ch a-
racterized by their propensity to permeate biological barriers, maintain favorable
drug-like properties, and exhibit high bioavailability, hold promise in the ta r-
geted management and mitigation of breast cancer and uterine fibroids [19]. The
systematic integration of LC -TOF MS analysis, compound identification, and
SwissADME evaluation represents a pivotal step towards the rational design and
discovery of novel therapeutics aimed at addressing the unmet clinical needs a s-
sociated with breast cancer and uterine fibroids. Through this concerted effort,
the identification of lead compounds with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles
heralds a significant stride towards personalized and precision medicine a p-
proaches tailored to combat these debilitating diseases [19].
3.3.2. RPBS
Following the initial filtration process employing SwissADME, which identified
51 compounds with potential efficacy against breast cancer and uterine fibroids,
a subsequent analysis utilizing RPBS was conducted to evaluate rotatable bonds
and energy profiles. This additional scrutiny yielded a refined subset of 34 co m-
pounds, each characterized by optimal structural flexibility and energetics co n-
ducive to molecular docking studies [20]. The RPBS assessment provided crucial
insights into the molecular dynamics of the selected compounds, elucidating
their ability to adopt diverse conformations and facilitating efficient interactions
with target biomolecules implicated in disease pathogenesis [20] . By prioritizing
compounds with favorable rotatable bond counts and energy profiles, this iter a-
tive screening process enhances the rati onal selection of lead candidates poised
for further preclinical evaluation,
Table 5 [20].
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DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 81 Computational Molecular Bioscience
Table 5. Shows down streaming results from RPBS tools.
COMPOUND NAME
RB E (1QQG) E (2AYR) E(7B E (6T41) E (3GRF) E (7B5O)
<5 <− 5
Bergaptol 0 −7.9 −8.4 −8.7 −8.9 −8.8 −8.6
Bergapten 1 −7.6 −8 −8.9 −9.1 −8.9 −8.1
Isobergaptol 0 −8.2 −8.6 −8.7 −8.6 −8.6 −8.6
Abscisic acid 3 −7.9 −7.7 −8.9 −8.6 −7.9 −7.9
(-)-Abscisic acid 3 −8 −7.5 −8.9 −8.6 −8.5 −7.9
(+)-8’-Hydroxyabscisic acid 4 −7.4 −7.3 −8.5 −8 −8.1 −8
(+)-abscisic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester 6 −9.6 −9.2 −9.7 −9.4 −8.9 −9.5
10-Hydroxycamptothecin 1 −11.1 −11.4 −12.4 −12.9 −10.4 −11.4
4-hydroxycoumarin 0 −7.5 −7.4 −8.1 −7.5 −7.9 −7.4
Alpha-beta-Dihydroresveratrol 3 −8.2 −7.8 −9.4 −9.2 −8.4 −9
Casticin 5 −9 −8.4 −8.8 −8.7 −8 −9.1
Scopoletin 1 −7 −7.3 −8.2 −7.9 −7.8 −7.5
Methylarbutin 4 −7.8 −8 −8.4 −8.2 −7.7 −8.5
3’’,5’’-Dihydroxyflavanone 1 −9.5 −9.3 −10.3 −10.4 −9.4 −9.9
(2S)-2’,7-Dimethoxy-3’,5-dihydroxyflavanone 3 −8.9 −8.9 −9.8 −9.9 −8.9 −9.3
Lupanine 0 −8.8 −9 −10.1 −10.1 −8.4 −9.8
Flavanone 1 −9.4 −9.3 −10.4 −10.3 −10 −10.2
5-Sulfosalicylate 2 −7.2 −7.5 −7.4 −7.3 −6.7 −7.3
Glabranin 3 −9.1 −9.6 −10.8 −10.6 −9.6 −10.5
Niridazole 2 −6.6 −7 −6.7 −6.9 −6.8 −6.5
Citrinin 1 −8.3 −8.9 −9.1 −9.4 −9.8 −8.9
Aspartame 9 −7.5 −7.1 −7.8 −8.1 −7.6 −7.5
cis-3-(3-Carboxyethenyl)-3,5-
cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol 2 −5.3 −5.3 −6.3 −5.8 −5.5 −5.6
Glabridin 1 −10.2 −11.1 −10.8 −12.3 −11 −10.7
Mycocyclosin 0 −11.1 −11.8 −12.7 −12.8 −12.3 −12.1
2,3-Dehydro-UWM6 0 −10.3 −10.5 −11.6 −11.9 −10.7 −11.6
Prazepam 3 −9.4 −9.9 −10.5 −10.5 −9.3 −10.3
(-)-Phaseollinisoflavan 1 −10.1 −11 −10.3 −12.4 −12.1 −10.6
Phaseollidin 2 −9.6 −10.1 −10.8 −10.8 −10 −10.4
Diethyl pyrocarbonate 6 −4.9 −5 −4.6 −5 −5.1 −5.1
Eugenol quinone methide 2 −6.2 −6.6 −7.3 −6.9 −7.1 −6.7
Methyl cinnamate 3 −6.6 −6.4 −7 −6.9 −7 −6.8
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Continued
p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde 3 −6.4 −6.1 −6.9 −6.7 −6.8 −6.7
Dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione 0 −9.4 −9.2 −10.6 −9.7 −10.7 −9.4
3,5-Dinitroguaiacol 3 −6.2 −7 −7.1 −6.7 −6.8 −6.9
2-(5’’-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid 9 −5.7 −5.7 −6 −5.9 −6 −5.4
3-(5’’-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid 9 −4.9 −5.4 −6.6 −5.9 −6.3 −6.3
3-(m-Aminophenyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)acr
ylonitrile 3 −8.2 −8.2 −7.6 −7.6 −8.2 −7.7
Glycophymoline 3 −8.8 −9.5 −10.5 −10.5 −10.1 −10.4
Flindersiachromone 3 −9.2 −9.4 −11 −10.5 −10.1 −10.5
Arborine 2 −9.2 −9.3 −10.8 −10 −9.7 −10.2
Methaqualone 1 −8.8 −9.6 −10.5 −10.3 −10.2 −9.9
Triamiphos 4 −7.5 −7.9 −8.1 −7.8 −7.6 −7.8
2-[3-Ethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-
pyrazol-4-yl]phenol 4 −8.4 −9 −8.5 −9.1 −9 −8.5
(2-Butylbenzofuran-3-yl)(4-
hydroxyphenyl)ketone 5 −8 −7.1 −8.1 −8 −8.3 −8.3
Tutin 1 −8.6 −8.9 −9.1 −9.5 −8.6 −9
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde 3 −6.1 −6.7 −6.7 −6.5 −6.7 −6.5
(R)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate 3 −6.8 −6.9 −7.3 −7.4 −6.9 −7
2’’,6’’-Dihydroxy-4’’-methoxyacetophenone 2 −6.3 −6.5 −6.3 −6.8 −6.9 −6.8
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactate 3 −6.6 −7 −7.3 −7.4 −7.2 −7
Homovanillate 3 −6.2 −7.1 −7.1 −6.9 −7.1 −6.8
Out of the initial pool of 34 compounds, only 22 demonstrated the remarkable
capability to bind with all six protein diseases associated with both breast cancer
and uterine fibroid. This subset of compounds exhibits broad- spectrum activity,
indicating their potential to target multiple pathological pathways implicated in
the progression of these diseases. Their ability to interact with diverse protein
targets underscores their versatility and promise as candidate therapeutics [20]. In
contrast, the remaining 12 compounds displayed a more selective binding profile,
interacting with a subset of two to four protein diseases. While these compounds
may exhibit efficacy against specific disease subtypes or pathways, their narrower
spectrum of activity suggests a more targeted mode of action. Despite this sele c-
tivity, these compounds still hold considerable therapeutic potential and merit
further investigation for their specific applications in breast cancer and uterine
fibroid management [20].
3.3.3. Dogsitescorer
Dogsitescorer, a specialized computational tool, is employed to discern the
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highest binding energy exhibited by potential compounds against protein targets
implicated in breast cancer and uterine fibroid pathogenesis. Subsequently,
coordinates corresponding to the identified binding sites are extracted from the
output generated by Dogsitescorer [21] . These coordinates play a pivotal role in
elucidating the precise molecular interactions between the candidate compounds
and their respective protein targets. By pinpointing the specific binding sites on
the protein surfaces, these coordinates provide valuable insights into the mol e-
cular mechanisms underpinning the observed binding affinities [21].
Furthermore, the coordinates obtained from Dogsitescorer serve as crucial input
parameters for subsequent molecular docking simulations [21] . Leveraging ad-
vanced computational algorithms, molecular docking studies enable the prediction
of the binding modes and affinities of the candidate compounds within the protein
binding sites, offering valuable predictive insights into their therapeutic potential.
Through the iterative integration of computational tools such as Dogsitescorer and
molecular docking simulations, the identification of lead compounds with optimal
binding energies and favorable interactio n profiles against protein targets asso-
ciated with breast cancer and uterine fibroids is facilitated. This systematic a p-
proach enhances the rational design and optimization of novel therapeutics aimed
at mitigating the progression of these debilitating diseases [21].
3.3.4. Molecular Docking - Achilles Blind Docking Server
The 34 identified compounds, targeting breast cancer and uterine fibroid-associated
protein diseases, underwent comprehensive molecular docking simulations using
the ACHILLES BLIND DOCKING SERVER [22]. This state-of-the-art computa-
tional tool fac ilitated the exploration of compound -protein interactions across
multiple protein targets, providing valuable insights into their binding affinities
and binding site preferences. Through the blind docking approach employed by
ACHILLES, the compatibility between each compound and the diverse array of
protein targets associated with breast cancer and uterine fibroids was systemat i-
cally evaluated. By considering multiple protein structures representative of di f-
ferent disease states, this approach enabled a com prehensive assessment of com-
pound efficacy across various pathological contexts [22].
Furthermore, the molecular docking simulations facilitated the identification
of potential binding sites within the protein coordinates for each compound.
The number and distribution of these binding sites served as critical indicators
of compound versatility and potential therapeutic efficacy. Compounds exhibi t-
ing a higher propensity to bind at multiple locations within the protein coord i-
nates were deemed particularly promising, as they may exert broader therapeutic
effects and target diverse disease mechanisms [22] . By integrating the insights
gleaned from molecular docking simulations across multiple protein targets, a
comprehensive understanding of compound -protein interactions and their p o-
tential implications for breast cancer and uterine fibroid management was at-
tained,
Table 6.
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Table 6. Shows the number of locations within protein coordinate set by dogsitescorer’s energy binding with a total residue > − 6.
COMPOUND NAME ID
NUMBER OF LOCATION WITHIN COORDINATE
TOTAL RESIDUE (>−6)
1QQG 2AYR 3GRF 6T41 7B5Q 7B5O
Isobergaptol 10198122 1 1 1 6 6 6
10-Hydroxycamptothecin 97226 3 2 2 4 3 6
Casticin 5315263 1 2 1 4 5 6
3’’,5’’-Dihydroxyflavanone 11954216 3 1 1 9 3 6
(2S)-2’,7-Dimethoxy-3’,5-dihydroxyflavanone 102066377 2 2 2 6 4 7
Lupanine 91471 1 2 1 4 3 3
Flavanone 10251 2 2 1 4 4 6
Glabranin 124049 2 2 2 5 2 6
Citrinin 54680783 1 1 1 4 4 5
Glabridin 124052 3 2 2 3 4 6
Mycocyclosin 59053147 3 1 1 3 5 6
2,3-Dehydro-UWM6 25195328 3 1 5 5 6 5
Prazepam 4890 4 1 2 3 4 6
(-)-Phaseollinisoflavan 162412 3 2 2 3 4 6
Phaseollidin 119268 3 2 4 5 6 4
Dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione 17036 3 2 1 5 6 5
Glycophymoline 5480 3 2 1 6 4 3
Flindersiachromone 441964 4 2 4 4 3 5
Arborine 63123 3 2 3 5 5 7
Methaqualone 6292 2 2 2 6 6 6
2-[3-Ethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]phenol 257428 2 1 2 8 5 5
Tutin 75729 1 1 1 8 4 4
(-)-Abscisic acid 643732 2 NA 0 9 7 NA
Alpha-beta-Dihydroresveratrol 185914 3 NA 2 11 5 6
3-(m-Aminophenyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile 79559 2 2 2 NA NA NA
(2-Butylbenzofuran-3-yl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)ketone 79569 3 NA 2 NA 3 6
Bergaptol 5280371 NA 2 1 12 6 5
Bergapten 2355 NA 2 1 8 5 6
Methylarbutin 80131 NA 2 NA 11 3 7
Abscisic acid 5280896 NA NA NA 11 5 NA
(+)-8’-Hydroxyabscisic acid 11954194 NA NA 1 10 4 7
4-hydroxycoumarin 54682930 NA NA NA NA 5 NA
Scopoletin 5280460 NA NA NA NA 8 NA
Triamiphos 13943 NA NA NA NA 6 NA
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To visualize the binding profiles of the compounds across all six protein di s-
eases, a graph can be constructed with the compounds on the x -axis and the
number of binding locations within the protein coordinates on the y -axis. Each
compound is represented by a bar, with the height of the bar indicating the
number of binding locations within the protein coordinates for that compound.
The graph provides an overview of the binding versatility of each compound
across multiple protein targets associated with breast cancer and uterine fibroid ,
Graph 1 .
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Graph 1 . Show the graph for 22 compounds with the number of locations it’s able to bind.
The comprehensive analysis of compound-protein interactions reveals distinct
binding profiles across multiple protein targets implicated in breast cancer and
uterine fibroid pathogenesis. Specifically, against the 1QQG protein, 26 com-
pounds exhibit diverse binding patterns, with each compound displaying a va-
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rying number of binding locations within the protein coordinates. Similarly, in-
teractions with the 2AYR protein reveal comparable trends among 26 com-
pounds, while interactions with the 3GRF, 6T41, 7B5Q, and 7B5O proteins
demonstrate unique binding profiles for 29, 29, 33, and 28 compounds, respec-
tively. These findings underscore the compound-specific nature of binding inte-
ractions and provide valuable insights for further exploration of therapeutic in-
terventions targeting breast cancer and uterine fibroids in Graph s 2(a)-(f). Fig-
ures 12-17 show the one of the compounds of 10251 for each protein’s locations
within set coordinates.
(a)
(b)
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(c)
(d)
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(e)
(f)
Graph 2 . (a) Shows protein 1QQG ’s number of location binding for each compound ; (b) Shows protein 2AYR’s
number of location binding for each compound ; (c) Shows protein 3GRF ’s number of location binding for each
compound; (d) Shows protein 6T41 ’s number of location binding for each compound ; (e) Shows protein 7B5Q ’s
number of location binding for each compound ; (f) Shows protein 7B5O ’s number of location binding for each
compound.
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Figure 1 2. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 1QQG protein.
Figure 1 3. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 2AYR protein.
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Figure 1 4. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 3GRF protein.
Figure 1 5. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 6T41 protein.
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Figure 1 6. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 7B5Q protein.
Figure 1 7. Shows compound 10251 location within set coordinate in 7B5O protein.
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The figure displays the distances between a specific compound and the amino
acids of proteins associated with breast cancer and uterine fibroid pathogenesis.
Specifically, it illustrates the distances to amino acids of proteins 1QQG, 7B5Q,
and 7B5O, representing breast cancer-related proteins, as well as proteins 2AYR,
3GRF, and 6T41, which are associated with uterine fibroid disease. These di s-
tances serve as indicators of the successful rate of binding energy for the co m-
pound towards each protein disease. Variations in distance highlight the diffe r-
ing degrees of interaction between the compound and the amino acids within
each protein structure. Shorter distances suggest stronger binding interactions,
indicating a higher potential for therapeutic efficacy in reducing the propensity
for breast cancer and uterine fibroid development. Conversely, longer distances
may signify weaker binding interactions, suggesting a need for further investig a-
tion or optimization of the compound’s efficacy.
By analyzing the distances to amino acids in the proteins relevant to both
breast cancer and uterine fibroids, this table and 4 figures for each proteins pr o-
vides valuable insights into the compound ’s potential effectiveness in targeting
these di seases. This information aids in the identification and prioritization of
compounds for further preclinical and clinical studies aimed at mitigating the
progression of breast cancer and uterine fibroids,
Figure s 18-23.
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 1 8. (a) Shows protein 1QQG interactions and distance from compound 441964
amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.6 ; (b) Shows protein 1QQG interactions and
distance from compound 10198122 amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.9 ; (c)
Shows protein 1QQG interactions and distance from compound 10251 amino acids with
the nearest distances of 2.8 ; (d) Shows protein 1QQG interactions and distance from
compound 124049 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.0.
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 1 9. (a) Shows protein 2AYR interactions and distance from compound 2355
amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.1 ; (b) Shows protein 2AYR interactions and
distance from compound 10251 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.6 ; (c) Shows
protein 2AYR interactions and distance from compound 80131 amino acids with the
nearest distances of 2.5 ; (d) Shows protein 2AYR interactions and distance from com-
pound 91471 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.6
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 2 0. (a) Shows protein 3GRF interactions and distance from compound 25195328
amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.3 ; (b) Shows protein 3GRF interactions and
distance from compound 97226 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.0 ; (c) Shows
protein 3GRF interactions and distance from compound 124049 amino acids with the
nearest distances of 3.2 ; (d) Shows protein 3GRF interactions and distance from com-
pound 124052 amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.8
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 2 1. (a) Shows protein 6T41 interactions and distance from compound 5280371
amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.8 ; (b) Shows protein 6T41 interactions and
distance from compound 4890 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.1 ; (c) Shows
protein 6T41 interactions and distance from compound 5480 amino acids with the nea r-
est distances of 3.9 ; (d) Shows protein 6T41 interactions and distance from compound
6292 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.1.
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 2 2. (a). Shows protein 7B5Q interactions and distance from compound 5280460 amino a c-
ids with the nearest distances of 2.0 ; (b) Shows protein 7B5Q interactions and distance from com-
pound 2355 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.3 ; (c) Shows protein 7B5Q interactions and
distance from compound 4890 amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.8 ; (d) Shows protein
7B5Q interactions and distance from compound 5480 amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.9.
(a)
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(b)
(c)
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(d)
Figure 2 3. (a) Shows protein 7B5O interactions and distance from compound 11954194
amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.0 ; (b) Shows protein 7B5O interactions and
distance from compound 6292 amino acids with the nearest distances of 3.0 ; (c) Shows
protein 7B5O interactions and distance from compound 10251 amino acids with the
nearest distances of 3.1 ; (d) Shows protein 7B5O interactions and distance from com-
pound 17036 amino acids with the nearest distances of 2.9.
4. Discussion
The compounds that have been found in the LifeGreen TM product provide vari-
ous benefits towards human health, breast cancers and uterine fibroid. Isobe r-
gaptol is a compound found in certain plants, particularly in essential oils. It has
been studied for its potential an ti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties,
which could contribute to improved immune function and wound healing. Some
research suggests that Isobergaptol may also have antioxidant properties, helping
to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body and reduce oxidative stress, which
is associated with various chronic diseases. 10 -Hydroxycamptothecin is a natu-
rally occurring compound found in the Camptotheca acuminata tree. It is a d e-
rivative of camptothecin, a well -known anticancer agent. Studies have sho wn
that 10 -Hydroxycamptothecin exhibits potent antitumor activity by inhibiting
the enzyme topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA replication. This action
can prevent cancer cells from proliferating and induce apoptosis (programmed
cell death) in cancer cells. Camptothecin and related analogs have shown pro m-
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ise as anticancer agents, which could lead to the death of tumor cells by targeting
the nuclear enzyme, topoisomerase I, and inhibiting the relegation of the cleaved
DNA strand. One of the camptothecin analogs, hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), a
plant alkaloid derived from Camptotheca acuminata, has demonstrated strong
antitumor activity against gastric, lung, ovarian, breast, and pancreatic carcino-
mas [23]. 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is an important class of antit u-
mor agent, it inhibits the DNA topoisomerase I of tumors and suppresses the
proliferation of cancer cells to elicit antitumor effect [24] . Studies in animal and
human subjects have shown that 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is more p o-
tent and less toxic than the parent compound CPT. Casticin is a p olymethylfla-
vone isolated from a traditional Chinese therapeutic plant named Vitex trifolia
L. from the Verbenaceae family [25] . The plant contributes to improve m any
morbidities including premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, inflammation and
sexual dysfunction, and also helps to relieve pain, and possesses antinociceptive
effects. This plant is useful in mild hyperprolactinemia and luteal phase defects.
It is also hel pful in alleviating menstruation, bleeding management uterine f i-
broids, polycystic ovarian syndrome, prostate disorders, migrainous women
with premenstrual syndrome [26] . Casticin is a flavonoid compound found in
several medicinal plants, including Vitex agnus -castus (chaste tree). It has been
investigated for its various potential health benefits. Research suggests that casti-
cin possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help r e-
duce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. This could potentially ben e-
fit conditions such as arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Some studies also i n-
dicate that casticin may have anticancer properties, inhibi ting the growth and
proliferation of cancer cells in certain types of cancer.
This flavonoid compound is found in various fruits and vegetables and has
been studied for its potential health- promoting effects. Like other flavonoids,
3’,5’-dihydroxyflavanone exhibits antioxidant properties, which can help protect
cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart
disease and cancer. Additionally, some research suggests that this compound
may have anti -inflammatory properties, wh ich could help alleviate inflamma-
tion-related conditions such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This
flavonoid compound is also found in various plants and has been investigated
for its potential health benefits. Like other flavonoids, (2S)- 2’,7-Dimethoxy-
3’,5’-dihydroxy flavanone possesses antioxidant properties, which can help pr o-
tect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Some
research suggests that this compound may also have anti -inflammatory effects,
which cou ld potentially benefit conditions such as arthritis and cardiovascular
disease. Lupanine is a quinolizidine alkaloid found in various plant species, i n-
cluding lupin seeds. It has been studied for its potential health benefits. Research
suggests that Lupanine may have hypotensive (blood pressure- lowering) effects,
making it potentially beneficial for individuals with hypertension. Additionally,
Lupanine has been investigated for its potential antidiabetic properties, with
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some studies indicating that it may help improve insulin sensitivity and glucose
metabolism. Flavanones are a class of flavonoid compounds found in various
fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits. They have been studied for their
numerous health benefits [27].
Flavanones exhibit antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize harmful free
radicals in the body and reduce oxidative stress, which is associated with various
chronic diseases such a s cardiovascular disease and cancer. Some flavanones,
such as hesperidin and naringenin, have been shown to have anti- inflammatory
effects, which may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of infla m-
matory conditions like arthritis. Flavanones have been found to have both ant i-
oxidant and anti- inflammatory properties. In particular, different studies have
focused their attention on hesperidin and its aglycone form, hesperetin, which
play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative
stress and inflammation, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease [28]. Glabra-
nin is a compound found in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and has been studied
for its potential health benefits. Research suggests that Glabranin may have an-
ti-inflammatory properties, which could help reduce inflammation in the body
and alleviate symptoms of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. Additio n-
ally, Glabranin has been investigated for its potential antiviral and antimicrobial
properties, which could contribute to its use in traditional medicine for treating
infections. Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi, particularly sp e-
cies of Penicillium and Asper gillus. While it is primarily known for its toxic e f-
fects, some research has also explored potential health benefits. Limited studies
suggest that Citrinin may have antioxidant properties. Glabridin is a flavonoid
compound found in licorice root (Glycyrrhi za glabra) and has been studied for
its various health benefits. Research suggests that Glabridin may have antiox i-
dant properties, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the
risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Addi tionally, Glabridin
has been investigated for its potential anti- inflammatory effects, which could
help reduce inflammation in the body and alleviate symptoms of inflammatory
conditions like arthritis. Glabridin is an isoflavan extracted from licorice (gen us
Glycyrrhiza) roots, which is also known as a phytoestrogen due to the similarity
of its structure and lipophilicity to 17
β-estradiol. Studies indicated that glabridin is
able to bind to the ERs and induce estrogenic responses in cardiovascular and
bone tissues, suggesting its possibility to be used in estrogen replacement therapy.
Mycocyclosin is a compound isolated from certain fungi, particularly m a-
rine-derived fungi. It has been studied for its potential pharmaceutical prope r-
ties. Research suggests that Mycocyclosin may have antibacterial and antifungal
properties, making it potentially useful in the development of new antibiotics or
antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies indicate that Mycocyclosin may
have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, w hich could make it a candidate for fu r-
ther investigation as a potential anticancer agent. 2,3 -Dehydro-UWM6 is a
chemical compound with potential pharmacological applications. Prazepam is a
benzodiazepine medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders . It belongs
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to the class of psychoactive drugs known for their anxiolytic (anxiety -reducing),
sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. Benefits of Prazepam
include its ability to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and panic disorders, promote
relaxation, and reduce muscle tension. Prazepam is often prescribed for
short-term relief of anxiety symptoms and is considered effective when used as
directed under medical supervision. (- )-Phaseollinisoflavan is a type of isoflav o-
noid compound found in c ertain plants, particularly in legumes like soybeans
and chickpeas. Research suggests that isoflavonoids like (- )-Phaseollinisoflavan
may have various health benefits, including potential anticancer, antioxidant,
and anti- inflammatory properties. Some stud ies indicate that dietary intake of
isoflavonoids may be associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, such as
breast and prostate cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease. Phaseollidin is a
natural compound found in certain legumes, including beans and peas. Research
suggests that Phaseollidin may have anticancer properties, as it has been shown
to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in some studies. Additionally, Phaseollidin
may possess anti -inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could contr i-
bute to its potential health benefits.
Glycophymoline is a brand name for a topical solution containing various
herbal extracts, including menthol, eucalyptol, and thymol. It is commonly used
as a mouthwash and gargle for oral hygiene and minor throat irr itations. Bene-
fits may include its antiseptic and refreshing properties, which can help to kill
bacteria in the mouth, reduce bad breath, and soothe sore throats. Abscisic acid
(ABA) is a plant hormone involved in various physiological processes in plants,
such as seed dormancy, bud dormancy, and response to environmental stress.
While primarily studied for its role in plants, Abscisic acid (ABA) has also been
investigated for its potential health benefits in humans. Research suggests that
ABA may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects,
which could potentially benefit human health. It has been studied for its pote n-
tial therapeutic applications in conditions such as diabetes, obesity, inflamm a-
tion, and autoimmune diseases. Dihydroresveratrol is a derivative of resveratrol,
a polyphenolic compound found in various plants, including grapes, berries, and
peanuts. Resveratrol and its derivatives have been extensively studied for their
potential health benefits, including antioxidant, ant i-inflammatory, cardiopr o-
tective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties. While research on a l-
pha-beta-dihydroresveratrol specifically may be limited, it likely shares some of
the health -promoting properties of resveratrol due to its structural similarity.
Bergaptol is a natural compound found in certain plants, particularly in the c i-
trus family. It is structurally related to bergamottin and is primarily known for
its photosensitizing effects. While Bergaptol itself may not have direct health
benefits, it is used in combination with other compounds in phototherapy for
the treatment of certain skin conditions, such as psoriasis and vitiligo.
Bergapten, also known as 5-methoxypsoralen, is a natural compound found in
several plant species, including citrus fruits and certain herbs such as parsley and
celery. Bergapten is primarily known for its photosensitizing effects, which have
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 109 Computational Molecular Bioscience
been utilized in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and
eczema through a process known as psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy.
Additionally, Bergapten has been studied for its potential anticancer properties,
particularly in the treatment of cutaneous T -cell lymphoma (CTCL). Methyla r-
butin is a derivative of arbutin, a natural compound found in variou s plant spe-
cies such as bearberry, cranberry, and blueberry. Arbutin is well- known for its
skin-lightening and antioxidant properties. Methylarbutin is often used in co s-
metic products for its potential to inhibit melanin production and reduce the
appearance of hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. Additio n-
ally, arbutin and its derivatives like Methylarbutin have been studied for their
potential antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects, which could contribute to
their skin -protective properti es. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone i n-
volved in various physiological processes, including seed dormancy, bud do r-
mancy, and response to environmental stress. While primarily studied for its
role in plants, Abscisic acid (ABA) has also been investiga ted for its potential
health benefits in humans. Research suggests that Abscisic acid (ABA) may have
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, which could
potentially benefit human health. It has been studied for its potential therapeutic
applications in conditions such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and autoi m-
mune diseases.
(+)-8’-Hydroxyabscisic acid is a derivative of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant
hormone involved in various physiological processes in plants, including seed
dormancy, bud dormancy, and response to environmental stress. While prima r-
ily studied for its role in plants, some research suggests that abscisic acid and its
derivatives may have potential health benefits in humans. Abscisic acid has been
investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodula-
tory effects, which could potentially benefit human health. It has been studied for
its potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as diabetes, obesity, i n-
flammation, and autoimmune diseases. 4-hydroxycoumarin, also known as umbel-
liferon, is a natural compound found in various plants, including citrus fruits, and is
also produced synthetically. Research suggests that 4-hydroxycoumarin may have
antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and antimicrob ial properties. It has been st u-
died for its potential use in the treatment of various conditions, including skin
disorders, inflammatory diseases, and as a natural sunscreen agent. Scopoletin is
a natural coumarin compound found in various plants, including members of
the Apiaceae and Rutaceae families. Scopoletin has been studied for its potential
pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti -inflammatory, antim i-
crobial, and antitumor properties. It has been investigated for its potential the-
rapeutic applications in conditions such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases,
cancer, and cardiovascular disorders.
5. Conclusion
In summary, using molecular docking studies, we effectively discovered the
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 110 Computational Molecular Bioscience
number of compounds present in the LifeGreenTM that have the potential effic a-
cy against breast cancer and uterine fibroids. From the results, we identified that
out of 117 compounds that have been extracted from the LC-TOF MS analysis of
LifeGreenTM, only 34 compounds have the more binding profile against the pr o-
tein diseases. A total of 22 compounds demonstrated the remarkable capability
to bid with all the six protein diseases while the remaining 12 compounds di s-
played a more selective binding profile, where those only interact with a subset
of two t o four protein diseases. Finally, the identified 34 compounds, which are
associated with breast cancer and uterine fibroids, studied further by conducting
comprehensive molecular docking simulations to extract information on their
binding affinities and bi nding site preferences. This study underscores the need
for further analytical and experimental studies to establish the safety and efficacy
of the identified compounds. In the future, this experiment will be conducted in
animal studies for both breast can cer and uterine fibroids using the standard
procedure dosage recommended by the WHO and also will proceed with the
phytochemical studies in order to identify the similariton between the co m-
pounds that have been identified in this paper.
Authors’ Contribution
Conceptualization: Ummi Shahieda Lazaroo Binti Zurrein Shah Lazaroo, Chua
Kia How. Methodology & Formal analysis: Ummi Shahieda Lazaroo Binti
Zurrein Shah Lazaroo. Writing Original Draft : Ummi Shahieda Lazaroo Binti
Zurrein Shah Lazaroo, Navanithan Sivanananthan. Discussion & Conclusion:
Navanithan Sivanananthan. Writing Review & Editing: Ummi Shahieda Lazaroo
Binti Zurrein Shah Lazaroo.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this
paper.
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U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
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Appendix
Table A 1. Shows compound spectrum result list which consist of all the details from LC-TOF-MS analysis.
M/Z
PEAK HIT
GRAPH M/Z
OVER INTENSITY
(PEAK NO)
RT (MIN)
AREA
SIGNAL TO
NOISE RATION
(S/N)
PRECURSOR M/Z
(CHROMATOGRA
M)
FRAGMENTATION
(INTENSITY)
COLLISION
ENERGY (Ev)
MOLECULAR
FORMULA
Mono
isotopic
Mass
218.9853 13 1.4 78569 66.7 AutoMSn (242.0010)
182.9641 598
190.9905 1277
200.9748 1325
201.9746 330
218.9853 13669
219.9862 3437
220.9840 1614
242.0023 2244
243.0023 616
265.0179 314
22.1 C7H6O6S 217.989
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C20H20O4 324.136
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C8H9NO 135.068
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C6H6N4O3S 214.016
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251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C13H14O5 250.084
1236
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C14H18N2O5 294.122
114.0925 97 9.1 410677 766.7 AutoMSn (340.2600)
114.0925 94001
115.0948 6098
209.1659 22605
226.1919 10772
227.1785 8580
228.1615 15199
322.2517 14478
340.2634 5283
435.3349 6041
453.3465 6718
C6H11NO 113.084
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C20H20O4 324.136
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325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C20H20O4 324.136
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C18H16N2O4 324.111
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C19H16O5 324.1
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C19H17ClN2O 324.103
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C20H20O4 324.136
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325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C20H20O4 324.136
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C12H20O10 324.106
325.1181 15 1.9 49668 73 AutoMSn (309.1324)
117.0562 449
127.0402 1207
130.0530 166
145.0506 779
148.0623 194
163.0622 148
225.0879 188
226.0734 192
274.0966 220
292.1116 313
25.5 C12H20O10 324.106
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521 C6H10O5 162.053
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163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521
C10H10O2 162.068
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521
C10H10O2 162.068
163.0609 21 2 79661 88.6 AutoMSn (365.1092)
185.0435 195
203.0524 417
365.1107 521
C10H10O2 162.068
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C4H9NO4 135.053
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C8H9NO 135.068
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C4H9NO4 135.053
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C8H9NO 135.068
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C5H5N5 135.054
136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C8H9NO 135.068
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136.064 39 2.6 29720 70.1 AutoMSn (268.1092)
115.0393 134
119.0369 254
133.0525 263
136.0640 26078
137.0649 1163
268.1101 1319
C8H9NO 135.068
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C12H6O4 214.027
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C5H11O7P 214.024
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C5H11O7P 214.024
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C5H11O7P 214.024
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215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C5H11O7P 214.024
215.0195 45 3 44717 70.9 AutoMSn (130.0523)
130.0525 5009
163.0611 904
175.0267 1013
193.0369 2962
215.0195 11372
230.9944 2343
259.0974 1813
291.0178 2990
322.0834 2695
407.0505 4487
C7H6N2O6 214.023
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C10H18O5S 250.087
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C10H18O5S 250.087
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C16H14N2O 250.111
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 120 Computational Molecular Bioscience
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C16H14N2O 250.111
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C17H14O2 250.099
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C16H14N2O 250.111
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C15H10N2O2 250.074
251.0943 65 7.3 247093 887.7 AutoMSn (310.1649)
147.0476 786
175.0395 4262
176.0436 370
207.0649 7163
208.0668 876
236.0678 1165
251.0943 215671
252.0974 23390
253.0976 1821
310.1664 1449
C16H14N2O 250.111
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 121 Computational Molecular Bioscience
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C12H19N6OP 294.136
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C18H18N2O2 294.137
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C18H18N2O2 294.137
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C10H18N2O8 294.106
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C19H18O3 294.126
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 122 Computational Molecular Bioscience
295.1332 69 7.6 297019 549 AutoMSn (589.2497)
120.0817 4190
180.1027 40659
181.1057 4225
200.0714 3809
235.1091 36428
236.1120 4538
260.0937 11591
277.1198 6738
295.1321 29595
296.1337 4089
C15H18O6 294.11
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
U. Shahieda Lazaroo Bt Zurrein Shah Lazaroo et al.
DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2024.142004 123 Computational Molecular Bioscience
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C9H10O4 182.058
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C6H14O6 182.079
183.0787 111 9.5 34410 97.2 AutoMSn (290.2694)
118.0919 111
122.0829 442
242.2479 2983
243.2535 413
272.2650 272
288.2918 397
289.2902 120
290.2724 5694
291.2730 948
C6H14O6 182.079