The species and abundance of gut bacteria jointly mediate a positive impact on Phortica okadai behavior

Abstract Background Gut bacteria, serving as essential modulators, exert a significant impact on insect physiology and behavior, holding substantial potential for application in pest management. The dynamics of gut bacteria and the impact on Phortica okadai behavior remain unclear. Methods In this study, the dynamics of gut bacterial at different developmental stages in P. okadai was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the species and abundance of gut bacteria that affect host behavior were examined by behavioral experiments. Results As a result, a total of 19 phyla, 29 classes, 74 orders, 101 species, and 169 genera were identified. The results of the behavioral experiments indicated that the species, including Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, Acetobacter tropicalis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Levilactobacillus brevis, exhibited an effective influence on the feeding preference of P. okadai and the single-bacteria-seeded P. okadai exhibited feeding preferences distinct from germ-free and wild-type. Conclusions Overall, this study not only demonstrates the dynamics of gut bacteria in P. okadai but, significantly, also posits novel evidence. It suggests that beyond the gut bacteria species, the abundance also positively influences host behavior. These findings contribute to the development of novel pest control strategies for preventing agricultural pests and vectors.