Carbon Footprint: Renewable Energies, a Key Factor for Reducing Co2 Emissions

Carbon Footprint: Renewable Energies, a Key Factor for Reducing Co2 Emissions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Carbon Footprint: Renewable Energies, a Key Factor for Reducing Co2 Emissions Maria Yoldi Sangüesa, Mariano Gonzalez Garcia This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8494763/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The current behaviour of demand, but not only the amount of energy demanded but also in which economic sectors is demand concentrated, how and where demand is estimated, and how it is managed is studied. Guarantee energy supply anytime and places when needed (Energy Security) is essential, even though economic processes are created on the fly. Economic processes must no longer adapt to energy availability; energy availability should adapt to them. Current sources of energy generation, renewable and non-renewable, current situation and near future of electric energy are analysed. The inaccuracies in the prediction of demand and in the capacity to generate energy (especially renewables) difficult to guarantee energy security. The balance between demand and generation is a function that resembles the transient regime, but without a tendency towards a stable value, although the growth or decrease is known approximately. Transient regime is the response of an electric circuit that is extinguished over time. Permanent regime is the response that remains constant until either the circuit or its excitation is varied. Renewable energies are the permanent regimen because their sources can be used permanently since they are inexhaustible, unlike non-renewable sources that are the transient regimen because they are finite. GHG emission energy security transient and permanent regime renewable energy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 27 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 23 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8494763","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":587322222,"identity":"94592f54-3c39-41d8-8c24-a37fa120bee2","order_by":0,"name":"Maria Yoldi Sangüesa","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAyCCjyGx8QEDgwQJWtgYEpsNoFoYG4jSx8aQwAazAr8W3fazDw/8YDgsx8ae3FbNu8Min0G6+fgDfFrMzqQbHOxhOGzMxvOw7TbvGQnLBpljiXhtMTuQxnCAh+FwYptEIlBLm4QBg0SOIX4t558xHPwD1VIM0ZL/Eb+WG2kMh2G2MENtwe99sxvPGA7LGKSD/NIsOReohU0izXAGfoelMX98U2Etx8+e/vDD27Y6A36J5Acf8GmBAINmBJuNsHIwqCNS3SgYBaNgFIxIAACynEX953b7tQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Internacional De La Rioja","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maria","middleName":"Yoldi","lastName":"Sangüesa","suffix":""},{"id":587322223,"identity":"b34045d8-edcc-467a-a3a9-8706b14b37ff","order_by":1,"name":"Mariano Gonzalez Garcia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad Internacional De La Rioja","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariano","middleName":"Gonzalez","lastName":"Garcia","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-01 11:08:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8494763/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8494763/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102356441,"identity":"bd3a2acd-fac5-44ed-af85-e9aa320a25ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-10 21:06:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1078127,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CO2emissionsManuscriptDeclarationsv1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8494763/v1_covered_76fab3ba-0d03-485b-ac58-f96d6764ef63.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon Footprint: Renewable Energies, a Key Factor for Reducing Co2 Emissions\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-environmental-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Environmental Science](https://bmcenvsci.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"44329","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44329/3","title":"BMC Environmental Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"GHG emission, energy security, transient and permanent regime, renewable energy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8494763/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8494763/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe current behaviour of demand, but not only the amount of energy demanded but also in which economic sectors is demand concentrated, how and where demand is estimated, and how it is managed is studied. 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