Supplementation effects of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed grasses as basal diets indoors versus under field conditions in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia

Supplementation effects of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed grasses as basal diets indoors versus under field conditions in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Supplementation effects of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed grasses as basal diets indoors versus under field conditions in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Denbeshu Debeko, Adugna Tolera, Ayana Angassa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We evaluate the effects of bamboo leaf supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield of Arsi-Bale lambs. Eight treatments were used with different levels of inclusions at 150 g (T2), 300 g (T3), and 450 g (T4) in both groups (i.e., indoor-fed vs. grazed in the field). T1 and T5 were control treatments for indoor-fed and those grazed in the field, respectively. A 2 x 4 factorial experiment was used with T1-T4 for indoor feeding and T5 -T8 for those grazed in the field. Carcass evaluation was carried out for all lambs. Feed analysis and evaluation of the nutritional quality of feed samples were examined. The results showed a significant (P < 0.000) increase in the nutrient and dry matter (DM) intake and growth performance of lambs with increased levels of bamboo leaves supplementation. There was a significant (P < 0.000) increase in the average daily gain of indoor-fed lambs from 33.33 to 62.67 g/day. The feed conversion efficiency of indoor-fed lambs was within the range of 0.057 to 0.084. The results confirmed that fresh bamboo leaf supplementation had a positive effect on the growth performance and carcass yields of lambs with improved DM intake. We suggest that the inclusion of fresh bamboo leaves is crucial to improve the performance of lambs. Increased inclusion of bamboo leaf supplementation in the lambs’ diet resulted in improved body weight gain and would be a viable option to boost sheep production. Area exclosures bamboo leaf indoor feeding native grass open grazing Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction The quantity and quality of feed are among the major factors that affect the productivity of animals (Adugna, 2008 ). Feed supply and quality are affected by declining grazing areas, overgrazing, and degradation of grazing lands as well as seasonal fluctuation of forage supply with limited availability of alternative feed resources. Nowadays, area closures or exclosures are expanding as a means of land rehabilitation to restore degraded communal grazing areas. This is practiced by excluding livestock and restricting access to people until the vegetation cover is restored (Tucker and Murphy, 1997 ). Excluding livestock eliminates grazing pressure and limits soil compaction (Aynekulu et al., 2017), whereas restricting people from accessing the exclosures avoids the uncontrolled cutting of trees and grasses (Abebe et al., 2006). The forage resources from the area closures in communal grazing areas can be utilized by a cut-and-carry system or zero-grazing (Gebregziabher and Gebrehiwot, 2011). The use of area exclosures as a means of combating land degradation is becoming an emerging practice in private grazing lands in the Sidama highlands of southern Ethiopia. The grass from the exclosures is used by a cut-and-carry system for indoor feeding of market-oriented livestock production such as fattening and milk production. Farmers in the Sidama highlands of Ethiopia have traditionally been practicing fattening of male intact lambs, by letting them graze free in the open grazing lands. However, the expansion of population growth and diminishing availability of grazing lands also currently posing a great challenge to the traditional practices of livestock keeping in the study area. As a result, the practice of sheep feeding indoors by a cut-carry system from area exclosures might fix the problems associated with low levels of animal productivity. This is particularly important in densely populated areas, where land degradation is becoming a major problem. In the Sidama highlands, the leaf of African alpine bamboo ( Yushania alpina ) is used as livestock feed in times of feed shortage. A previous study by Denbeshu ( 2010 ) reported a CP content of 12–18% and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of 54–57% for the bamboo foliage, which indicates its potential as a supplementary feed to native grass. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels of bamboo leaf supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass cut from area closures or grazed in adjacent open grazing areas. Materials and Methods Study area, animals, and experimental facilities The experiment was conducted at a private sheep-keeping facility of the Mollo-Meno Farmers’ Association in the Bursa district of Sidama Regional State, southern Ethiopia located at 6 0 42′16.73′′ N latitude and 38 0 34′45.77′′ E longitude. Forty non-castrated yearling males of Arsi-Bale lambs, with an initial average body weight (BW) of 17.06 ± 0.17 kg were used in the study. The experimental animals were housed in individual pens of 1 m × 1.2 m with floors made of bamboo culms. All experimental animals were dewormed with 300 g of albendazole/lamb and all were vaccinated against Blackleg and Ovine pasteurellosis before the start of the experiment. Experimental design, treatments, and dietary management The lambs were blocked into five blocks based on initial body weight and lambs from each block were randomly assigned to each treatment using a randomized complete block design. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a complete randomized block design with two independent variables: (1) the type of feeding system (indoor feeding on forage cut from area closures vs open-grazing areas) and (2) the level of bamboo leaves supplementation (0, 150 g, 300 g, and 450 g fresh bamboo leaves per head per day). The four levels of bamboo leaf supplementation were applied to both indoor feeding and outdoor grazing conditions. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 90 days. The treatments were as follows: (T1) natural pasture cut from area closure (NPC) + basal diet without bamboo leaf (BL) supplement (control); (T2) NPC as basal diet + 66.44 g DM/lamb of BL; (T3) NPC as basal diet + 132.88 g DM/lamb of BL; (T4) NPC as basal diet + 199.33 g DM/lamb of BL (T5) natural pasture grazed (NPG) as basal diet without BL supplement (control); (T6) NPG as basal diet + 66.44 g DM/animal of BL; (T7) NPG as basal diet + 132.88 g DM/animal of BL and (T8) NPG as basal diet + 199.33 g DM/animal of BL. The indoor-fed lambs were offered feed three times a day at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 hours. The cut forage was offered ad libitum at a 20% refusal rate. During the feeding trial, the weights of the daily feed offered, and refusals were recorded to calculate the daily feed intake. Representative samples of the cut natural pasture and bamboo leaves supplements were taken whenever they were weighed and bulked over the experimental period. Grass samples from the grazing lands were collected from four randomly set transacts at 10-meter intervals along each transect every week for three months. The collected samples were bulked over the experimental period and composite sub-samples were taken to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory in the School of Animal and Range Sciences at Hawassa University for chemical analyses. Feed chemical analysis and calculations Feed and refusal samples were air-dried and kept in plastic bags pending oven drying at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory at Hawassa University. The air-dried samples were further dried in a forced draft oven at 60 ℃ for 72 hours. The dried samples were ground using a Willey mill to pass through a 1 mm sieve size and kept in the air-tight plastic bags pending chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) determination. The dry matter (DM), ash, and ether extract (EE) contents of the samples were determined according to AOAC (1995). The DM content was determined by drying the ground samples at 105°C for 12 hours whereas the ash content was determined by combusting them in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 5 hours. The nitrogen (N) content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the crude protein (CP) content was calculated as N x 6.25 (AOAC, 1995). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using the ANKOM fiber analyzer sequentially by the method of Van Soest and Robertson (1985). Lignin (ADL) was determined by solubilization of cellulose with H 2 SO 4 (Van Soest and Robertson, 1985). In vitro, dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD) was determined using the ANKOM – DAISY procedure by the method of Van Soest and Robertson (1985). Non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content was calculated as NFC = 100 − (NDF + CP + EE + Ash). The Metabolic energy (ME) content of the feeds was predicted from digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) (McDonald et al. , 2010) as shown in the following equation. ME (MJ/kg DM) = 0.016 DOMD; Where DOMD (g) indicates digestible organic matter per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight change and feed efficiency The initial body weights of the experimental animals were determined by taking the mean of the weights taken on two consecutive days at the beginning of the experiment. Subsequent weights were taken at 14-day intervals after overnight fasting and before offering the morning feed. The average daily body weight gain (ADG) of the animals was calculated as the difference between the final and initial body weights divided by the number of feeding days. The feed conversion efficiency of the experimental animals was determined following the methods proposed by Gülten et al. (2000) by dividing the average daily weight gain of the experimental animals by the amount of feed consumed. Evaluation of carcass characteristics At the end of the 90-day feeding period, all lambs were transported to Hawassa City Municipality’s Abattoir. The slaughter body weights (SBW) of the lambs were taken before slaughter and after overnight fasting. The carcasses were eviscerated, and the internal organs or tissues including the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and digestive tract were separated and weighed. The digestive contents were also weighed after emptying the digestive tract. Empty body weight (EBW) was obtained by subtracting the weight of digestive contents from slaughter body weight (SBW). After weighing, the hot carcasses were chilled at 4°C for 24 hours and re-weighed to obtain cold carcass weight (CCW). After 24 hours of cooling, the Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) was transversely cut the exposed side of the LM muscle was drawn on tracing paper, and its area was measured with a planimeter, to the nearest cm 2 , to obtain the LM area. The values obtained from the right and left sides of the carcass were used to calculate the arithmetic mean of the LM area per carcass (Yáñez et al . 2006). The cold carcasses were weighed and divided into two symmetrical sides along the backbone using a saw. The left side carcasses were cut into wholesale cuts (neck, shoulder, leg, rack-loin, breast, and tail) and weighed separately according to Colomer-Rocher et al. ( 1988 ). The dressing percentage (DP) as proportions of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight and empty body weight was computed according to the procedures by Bonvillani et al. ( 2010 ) as follows: DP (based on empty body weight) = Hot carcass weight (kg)/empty body weight (kg) x 100 DP (based on slaughter weight) = Hot carcass weight (kg)/slaughter weight (kg) x 100 Shrinkage after chilling (SC) was calculated by the following formula SC = ([HCW − CCW]/HCW) × 100, where HCW = hot carcass weight and CCW = cold carcass weight. Statistical analysis The growth and carcass data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS (version 20, 2014) in a factorial arrangement to examine the effects of the type of feeding system and level of supplementation and their interaction. When significant differences were observed, the differences between means were compared using the Tukey test at a 5% level of significance. Feed intake data were subjected to one-way ANOVA following the GLM procedure of SPSS (version 20, 2014) and Least Significance Difference (HSD) was used to separate the means when found significant. Results Nutritive value of experimental feeds The nutritive value of experimental feeds is shown in Table 1 . The BL had slightly higher DM content than the natural pastures in area closures and open grazing areas. The ash and ADL contents were also higher in the BL than in the natural pastures (NPC and NPG). The CP content of BL and NPC were comparable but higher than that of NPG. The NPC had higher NDF but lower ADF than both BL and NPG. The IVDMD and ME content were highest in NPC and lowest in BL with intermediate values in NPG. All three feeds had similar EE contents. The refusals of the NPC from the indoor feeding experiment had lower CP and ash contents but higher ADF contents than the NPC offered. Table 1 Nutritive value of experimental feeds (g/Kg DM) in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Variable Feed offered Refusal of NPC BL NPC NPG T1 T2 T3 T4 Dry Matter (g/kg) 400 300 300 912 914 913 919 Ash (g/kg DM) 109 84 73 5765 72 75 CP (g/kg DM) 128 131 75 69 74 74 79 NDF (g/kg DM) 667 720 657 676 683 681 696 ADF (g/kg DM) 340 275 348 332 340 335 340 ADL (g/kg DM) 96 40 40 43 40 40 42 EE (g/kg DM) 32 39 34 IVDMD (%) 50 79 63 ME (MJ/kg DM) 8.0 12.7 10.0 ADF = acid detergent fiber, ADL = acid detergent lignin, CP = crude protein, DM = dry matter, EE = ether extract; NDF=,neutral detergent fiber, BL = Bamboo leaf, NPC = native pasture cut, NPG = natural pasture grazed, IVDM = In vitro dry matter digestibility; ME = Metabolisable energy; T1 = Treatment 1; T2 = treatment 2; T3 = treatment 3; T4 = treatment 4 Feed intake Table 2 illustrates the daily mean intake of dry matter and other chemical components of the feed by Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass cut from area exclosures along with different levels of bamboo leaf supplementation. The experimental animals ate all the bamboo leaf supplements (i.e., no refusal was recorded) during the experimental period. Generally, the level of feed intake per animal within each treatment group was almost identical over the entire experimental period. The total DM intake expressed in g/head/day and g/kg W 0.75 showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation. Similarly, total OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ME intakes also increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation. Table 2 Feed and nutrient intakes (gDM/d) of Arsi-Bale male lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia. Parameters T1 T2 T3 T4 SEM NPC DM intake (g)/d 580.3 572.2 571.8 566.6 11.9 BL DM intake (g/d) 0 60 120 180 0.0 Total DM intake (g/d) 580.3 d 632.2 c 691.8 b 746.6 a 11.9 Total DM intake (% BW) 2.96 3.04 3.14 3.27 DM intake (g/kg W 0.75 ) 61.7 d 64.8 c 67.8 b 71.5 a - Total OM intake (g/d) 533.8 d 579.8 c 632.8 b 681.5 a 9.4 Total CP intake (g/d) 76.3 d 82.8 c 90.4 b 97.4 a - Total NDF intake (g/d) 417.8 d 452.0 c 491.7 b 528.0 a 7.4 Total ADF intake (g/d) 159.4 d 177.6 c 197.8 b 216.8 a 2.8 Total ME (MJ/d) 8.5 d 9.3 c 10.1 b 10.9 a 0.16 NDF: CP ratio 5.48 5.46 5.44 5.42 - Means within a row not bearing a similar superscript significantly differ. *. The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level. Body weight change and feed conversion efficiency The results of the body weight change analysis of the experimental lambs are presented in Tables 3 and 4 as well as in Figures (1a-1c). The final body weight, total body weight gain, and average daily gain of the experimental animals showed a general increase with increasing levels of BL supplementation both in cut-and-carry indoor feeding and open grazing systems. The FCE also increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation. Comparison of the cut-and-carry indoor feeding from area closures and continuous grazing in open grazing lands showed that the final body weight, total body weight gain, and average daily gain were higher (P < 0.05) under indoor feeding than open grazing system. Table 3 Growth (kg) and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Parameters Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 SEM Initial weight 16.9 17.0 17.0 17.2 17.2 17.2 16.9 17.2 0.37 FBW (kg) 19.9 cb 20.82 b 22.0 ab 22.8 a 19.7 bc 20.4 bc 20.8 ac 21.6 ab 0.39 TG (kg) 2.99 d 3.84 cd 5.06 ab 5.62 a 2.59 d 3.23 d 3.89 c 4.36 bc 0.16 ADG (g/d) 33.3 d 42.7 c 56. 5 ab 62.7 a 29.1 d 36.0 cd 43.3 c 48.7 bc 1.82 DMI(g) /d 580.3 d 632.2 c 691.8 b 746.6 a * * * * FCE 0.057 d 0.067 c 0.082 ab 0.084 a Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p < 0.05) using Tukey HSD .T1 = NPC-basal diet without BL supplement, T2 = NPC-basal diet plus 66.44g DM/lamb of (BL), T3 = NPC-basal diet plus 132.88g DM/lamb of BL, T4 = NPC-basal diet plus 199.33g DM/lamb of BL, T5= (G) as basal diet without BL supplement, T6= (G )as basal diet plus 66.44gDM/animal of (BL), T7= (G )as basal diet plus 132.88gDM/animal of BL and T8 = TG as basal diet plus 199.33g DM/animal of BL. DMI = dry matter intake; DM = dry matter. ADG = average daily gain; FCE = Feed conversion efficiency; SEM = standard error of means. *Feed intake was not measured in T5, T6, T7, and T8 because the lambs were grazed in open grazing land. Table 4 Mean final weight(kg), total growth (kg), and average daily gain(g) in indoor fed and grazed lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Parameter Indoor feeding Grazing SEM P-value Initial weight (kg) 17.00 17.1 0.26 0.784 Final weight(kg) 21.38 a 20.63 b 0.24 0.032 Total growth (kg) 4.38 a 3.52 b 0.08 0.000 Average daily gain (g) 48.64 a 39.08 b 0.92 0.000 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p 0.001) heavier weight of SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and rib eye muscle area (REMA) in lambs in T4 than those in T1, T5, and T6 (Table 5 ). That means lambs in T4 (the highest supplemented among the indoor fed) performed significantly better than the non-supplemented from indoor fed, non-supplemented from free grazed and the least supplemented from free grazed. However, there were no significant differences among T2, T3, T4, T7, and T8 in terms of SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and REMA ( P > 0.05). Table 5 Means of main carcass components of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass as basal diet plus bamboo leaf supplementation in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia. Carcass parameters T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 SEM SL Slaughter SBW (kg) 19.70 bc 20.40 ab 21.65 ab 22.19 a 19.20 bc 19.82 bc 20.23 bc 21 bc .451 .001 EBW (kg) 16.88 bc 17.64 ab 18.68 ab 19.19 a 16.62 bc 17.1 bc 17.37 ab 18 ab .412 .001 HCW (kg) 10.57 bc 11.1 ab 11.73 ab 12.08 a 10.49 bc 10.74 bc 10.83 ab 11.26 ab .290 .004 CCW (kg) 10.31 b 10.83 ab 11.44 ab 11.78 a 10.23 bc 10.47 bc 10.56 ab 11 ab .283 .004 DP % (SBW) 62.63 62.94 62.8 62.9 63.12 62.74 62.33 62.42 .308 .638 DP % (EBW) 53.69 54.42 54.2 54.38 54.63 54.1 53.54 53.64 .469 .647 CCY (%) 52.35 53.06 52.84 53.03 53.27 52.75 52.20 52.30 .457 .556 REMA cm 2 7.62 bc 8.07 ab 8.57 ab 8.88 a 7.49 bc 7.76 bc 8 ab 8.3 ab .209 .000 Gut content (kg) 2.82 ab 2.76 ab 2.97 a 3 a 2.58 bc 2.72 ab 2.85 ab 2.95 a .080 .007 Empty gut (kg) 1.2 bc 1.24 bc 1.33 a 1.35 a 1.16 c 1.22 bc 1.28b ab 1.33 a .026 .000 Side carcass cuts Neck (kg) 0.71 bc 0.75 ab 0.79 ab 0.82 a 0.71 c 0.73 bc 0.74 ab 0.76 ab .020 .004 Leg (Pelvic) (kg) 1.88 c 2,0 bc 1.6 bc 2.18 ab 1.9 c 1.94 bc 1.96 bc 2,03 bc .055 .005 Shoulder (kg) 1.7 c 1.82 bc 1.92 bc 1.98 ab 1.71 c 1.76 bc 1.84 bc 0.95 bc .050 .004 Rack-Loin (kg) 0.70 c 0.74 bc 0.78 bc 0.80 ab 0.70 c 0.72 bc 0.72 bc 0.75 bc .020 .004 Breast (kg) 0.83 c 0.88 bc 0.93 bc 0.95 ab 0.83 c 0.85 bc 0.86 bc 0.89 bc .024 .004 Tail (kg) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 .002 .084 Offal parts Heart (kg) 0.10 bc 0.11 bc 0.11 ab 0.12 ab 0.10 cd 0.10 bc 0.11 bc 0.11 bc .003 .001 Liver (kg) 0.4 bc 0.4 bc 0.41 b 0.42 ab 0.36 cd 0.37 c 0.38 bc 0.40 bc .009 .001 Kidney(kg) 0.08 bc 0.08 bc 0.09 ab 0.09 ab 0.08 cd 0.08 bc 0.082 bc 0.085 bc .002 .001 Lungs with trachea (kg) 0.40 bc 0.42 bc 0.44 ab 0.46 ab 0.39 cd 0.41 bc 0.41 bc 0.43 bc .010 .001 Skin (kg) 1.29 bc 1.3 bc 1.4 ab 1.45 ab 1.25 cd 1.30 bc 1.30 bc 1.37 bc .029 .001 Head (kg) 1.32 bc 1.37 bc 1.45 ab 1.49 ab 1.29 cd 1.33 bc 1.36 bc 1.41 bc .030 .001 Feet (kg) 0.76 bc 0.78 bc 0.83 ab 0.85 ab 0.74 cd 0.76 bc 0.78 bc 0.81 bc .017 .001 Testis (kg) 0.19 bc 0.19 bc 0.20 ab 0.21 ab 0.18 cd 0.19 bc 0.19 bc 0.20 bc .004 .001 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P < 0.0) using Tukey HSD Table 6 Summary of mean weight of main carcass components of indoor fed and grazed lambs statistically compared in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Carcass parameters Indoor feeding Grazing SEM P-Value Slaughter body weight (Kg) 21 a 20.06 b 0.225 0.006 Empty body weight (Kg) 18.10 a 17.28 b 0.206 0.008 Hot carcass weight (Kg) 11.37 a 10.83 b 0.145 0.013 Cold carcass weight (Kg) 11.1 a 10.56 b 0.142 0.013 Dressing % EBW basis 62.82 62.65 0.154 0.451 Dressing % SBW basis 54.17 53.98 0.234 0.561 Cold carcass yield (CCY) % 52.82 52.63 0.228 0.561 Ribeye muscle area cm 2 8.28 a 7.89 b 0.104 0.011 Digestive tract content (kg) 2.89 2.78 0.04 0.056 Empty digestive tract (kg) 1.28 1.25 0.013 0.091 Side carcass cuts Neck (kg) 0.77 a 0.73 b 0.01 0.021 Leg (Pelvic limb) (kg) 2.04 a 1.95 b 0.027 0.025 Rack-loin(kg) 0.76 a 0.72 b 0.01 0.021 Breast (kg) 0.90 a 0.86 b 0.012 0.023 Tail fat (kg) 0.08 a .075 b 0.001 0.031 Offal parts Heart (kg) 0.11 a 0.105 b 0.001 0.01 Liver (kg) 0.40 a 0.38 b 0.005 0.008 Kidney (kg) 0.085 a 0.08 b 0.001 0.008 Lungs (kg) 0.43 a 0.41 b 0.005 0.008 Skin (kg) 1.37 a 1.31 b 0.015 0.006 Head (kg) 1.41 a 1.35 b 0.015 0.006 Feet (kg) 0.81 a 0.77 b 0.009 0.006 Testis (kg) 0.2 a 0.19 b 0.002 0.01 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P < 0.0) using HSD Dressing percentages based on HCW ( P < 0.638) and EBW ( P < 0.647) did not show any significant differences among the treatment groups (Table 5 ). Among the treatment groups supplemented with bamboo leaf T3, T4, and T8 had a significantly ( P < 0.05) heavier digestive tract content and heavier empty digestive tract weight than the rest of the treatment groups. All bamboo leaf-supplemented groups from indoor fed and grazed had a significantly heavier weight of neck, leg, shoulder, rack-loin, and breast ( P 0.05) (Table 5 ). In general, the results showed that the indoor-fed lambs showed a significantly heavier weight in SBW ( P < 0.006), EBW ( P < 0.008), HCW ( P < 0.013), CCW ( P < 0.013), REMA ( P < 0.011), neck ( P < 0.021), leg ( P < 0.025), shoulder ( P < 0.026), Rack-loin ( P < 0.021), and breast ( P < 0.023) than the free grazed lambs (Table 6 ). Discussion Nutritive value of experimental feeds The present study was designed to determine the effect of native grasses and bamboo leaves on the growth performance and carcass traits of lambs. Concerning the first objective, it was found that the CP contents of native grasses (NPC) from area exclosures and bamboo leaf (BL) were 13.1%, and 12.76%, respectively. This combination is well above the minimum level (7%) required for normal rumen microbial growth and fermentation (Van Soest 1994 ). Although the experimental lambs in the control group with no BL supplement displayed the lowest growth performance, they showed no negative growth. The possible explanation for this might be that the CP content of NPC was above the maintenance requirement of sheep. Generally, the CP content of NPC was below the recommended 15% of the protein supplements for lambs (Umunna et al. 1995). This suggests that the use of NPC as a sole diet cannot fully cover the growth requirement of lambs, and it is essential to supplement lambs with additional CP sources from locally available feed resources. A previous study (Denbeshu, 2010 ) that noted the importance of bamboo leaves suggested that it is a potential source of supplement that is locally available, evergreen, and palatable throughout the year. The current study found that BL had CP, NDF, ADF, and IVDMD contents of 12.76%, NDF 66.72%, ADF 33.96%, and 49.85%, respectively. and this result is consistent with that of Gashu G. et al. (2017), who reported a comparable result on the bamboo leaf content which showed a CP of 10.96%, NDF of 69.52%, ADF 31.58% and IVDMD of 45.85%. The slight variation that exists could be attributed to the age of the bamboo culm at harvest and the season of harvest. Despite its free availability and accessibility to local farmers, bamboo leaves alone might not fulfill the expected protein requirement. Surprisingly, when BL was supplemented along with NPC resulted in a better growth performance in lambs than in grasses alone. The NDF contents of both NPC and BL were similar to the report of Gashu G. et al. (2017) on the chemical composition of native grass and highland bamboo leaves. This result is slightly above 65% which limits the digestibility and DM intake of ruminant animals. The chemical composition of mountain bamboo ( Yushania alpina) leaf used as a supplement in this study was CP 12.76%, NDF 66.72%, ADF 33.96%, ADL 9.6%, Ash 10.96%, IVOMD 49.85% ME 7.98 (MJ/KgDM), which is also similar with the result reported by Bezabih et.al, ( 2016 ). The probable explanation for the observed variations may be due to differences in location, soil, and age of bamboo leaf used, etc. Feed intake In this study, the share of bamboo leaf in the total diet was about 10.77% for 150 g (T2), 18% for 300 g (T3), and 23.31% for 400 g (T4) supplementation level. An important observation from this trial was the absence of any negative effect on feed intake and weight gain when the lambs were supplemented with bamboo leaf up to 23.31% of the total diet DM consumed. Although, the NDF content of both NPC and BL was in the range (above 65%) that limits digestibility and DM intake in ruminants, the significant increase in the intake of total DM, OM, CP, and NDF of sheep with increasing levels of bamboo supplementation (P < 0.000) is an indication of improvement in the digestibility of the diets consumed. Previous studies (Allen, M.S et al , 1988; Poppi, 2011) have shown that the intake and digestibility of fiber are directly related to the potential digestible portion of NDF (pdNDF) in the diet. Potential digestibility is defined as the NDF fraction which disappears after a long incubation period, leaving the indigestible component of NDF (iNDF) which is unavailable for microbial digestion (Waldo et al. 1972; Wilkins, 1972). The relationship between DM intake and NDF is more than just NDF content in the diet but also dependent on the potential digestibility of NDF (pdNDF) (Poppi, 2011; Waldo et al. 1972, Wilkins, 1969) and the indigestible component of NDF (iNDF) which is unavailable for microbial digestion. The pdNDF fraction is defined as the difference between the NDF and iNDF. It is the iNDF component that is the rate-limiting constituent of forages at higher NDF levels (Lippke, 1986). NDF has been proposed as a reliable predictor of voluntary dry matter (DM) intake under certain conditions (Minson, 1990 ). The relationship between the NDF content and feed intake is complex and not a linear relationship (Arelovich et al 1990). Tropical forages can have the same NDF content but differ vastly in iNDF (Arelovich et al 1990). The amount and quality of NDF in a diet can either enhance or limit feed intake. This may be the case, that the higher NDF content of the feeds in this study did not affect much the DM intake and digestibility of diets. There may be a lower level of iNDF in both NPC and BL. This requires further research on the iNDF content of NPC and BL. The improved intake of DM and nutrients in this study is likely due to the increased availability of N and readily available OM or energy in the rumen, which in turn facilitates microbial growth and fiber digestion. The bamboo leaf supplementation did not limit intake as other fibrous feeds do rather it enhanced it. The combined effect of improved rumen environment for microbes and lowered physical limitations of intake must have contributed to the linear increase in the intake of the total DM and nutrients by the lambs. The total DM intake between the higher two bamboo supplementation levels (120 g DM and 180 g DM/day) was significantly different (P < 0.000) signaling that the supplementation of the bamboo leaf did not reach its optimal level, where the balance between microbial growth and fiber digestion reaches its maximum level thereafter, the increase in intake may start to decline. This is the most likely indication that the bamboo leaf supplementation did not reach the possible maximum level. The treatment groups supplemented with bamboo leaves (T2, T3, and T4) consumed more (P < 0.000) feed than the sheep in the control group (T1). There was no refusal of bamboo leaf record as all supplements had been eaten, which indicates bamboo leaves from young culms (< 1-year age) are nutritious and palatable. The DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF intakes among the supplemented groups varied significantly (P < 0.000). The highest and significant intake of these was recorded in T4 which also received the highest amount of bamboo leaf. As the amount of bamboo leaf supplement increased, total DM was significantly increased (P < 0.000) indicating that the inclusion of fresh bamboo leaf along with grass promoted more DM intake compared with the control group. Nutritionally, the increase in DM intake along with increased supplementation is a desired effect. This is evidenced by the considerable improvement of FCE from T1 to T4. The total DM intake was significantly different (P T3 > T2 > T1. The observed total DM intake as a percent of BW falls within the range of 2.96–3.27% suggested to be consumed by small ruminants (Schoenian, 2003). The estimated ME intake at T1 (8.54 MJ/kg/d) in the present study is considerably above the maintenance energy requirement recommended for yearling lambs (McDonald et al ., 2010). Body weight change and feed conversion efficiency Growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed indoors on native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf are presented in Tables 3 and 4 . In this study, sheep in the control groups (T1 and T5) did not lose weight but rather achieved a total growth of 2.99 kg (T1), 2.59 kg (T5), and ADG of 33.33g and 29.11g, respectively. This indicates that the native grass in the area exclosures and grazing land had supplied the lambs with nutrients and energy above maintenance level. The average daily gain (ADG) attained in this study for T4 (62.67g) and for T8 (48.67g) were higher than ADG (45.11 g/day) for yearling Farta sheep fed urea-treated rice straw as basal diet and supplemented with 400 g dry Sesbania sesban leaf as reported by Tekliye et al. (2018). And it is lower than 103 g/day for sheep fed diet containing 300 g/day Sesbania sesban foliage (Moges et al . 2008) and 75.71 g/day for Abergelle rams supplemented with 300 g/day DM Sesbania sesban leaf (Tekle et al . 2016). The highest ADG (62.67 g/day) for the current study was higher than 41.8–56.4 g/day ADG for Blackhead Ogaden sheep fed haricot bean haulm as a basal diet supplemented with the mixtures of wheat bran and 300 g/day brewers dried grain (Emebet, 2008). It was also comparable with the highest ADG (64.4 g/day) for Washera sheep fed grass hay basal diet and supplemented with 350 g/day concentrate (field pea hull, wheat bran, and “Noug” seed cake) (Mesganaw, 2014). Similarly, as Denbeshu D. (2010) reported, Arsi-Bale lambs with similar initial weight and age fed 25% bamboo leaf 75% concentrate (wheat bran and Noug cake in 3:1 ratio) on grass hay basal diet had attained 22.1(kg) FBW, 5.3 (kg) TG and 62.8 (g) ADG. These results are consistent with the current study results in which lambs in T4 which received 180 g DM bamboo leaf supplement attained 22.82 (kg) FBW, 5.62 (kg) TG, and 62.67 (g) ADG. Carcass characteristics Carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale lambs reared under grazing (G) and indoors fed from native grass cut (NPC) and supplemented with bamboo leaf are shown in Tables 5 and 6 . In this study, the carcass weight of lambs improved with the increasing addition of bamboo leaves in the ration. The slaughter body weight (SBW), empty body weight (EBW), and hot carcass weight (HCW) were significantly heavier than the control treatments, which is consistent with that observed for TG and ADG. HCW in this study was heavier than Kaffa (5.55–12.4 kg), Washera (9.23–9.8 kg), Arsi Bale (6.97–9.30 kg) and Farta (6.40–10.1 kg) sheep reported by different authors (Dereje et al .2014, Bekele et al. 2013 , Worku et al . 2015, and Melaku et al. 1998), respectively. The ribeye REMA values obtained in this study (7.49–8.88 cm 2 ) were similar to the lowest values obtained by Melaku et al . (1998) and Tekliye et al. (2018) which were (8.1–11.9 cm 2 ) and (8.41–10.8 cm 2 ) respectively. Worku et al. (2015) reported that supplementation had a significant effect on the ribeye muscle area which is consistent with this study. Generally, the variations in carcass traits in this study and previous studies may be due to variations in initial weight and supplement feeds used for the experiment. In agreement with this, McDonald et al . (2010) noted that nutrition, age, sex, genetics, season, and other related factors affect the growth and carcass traits of animals. There is significantly higher weight in supplemented groups of T3 and T4 than the control (T1, T5) groups and T6 groups in SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and ribeye muscle area (P 0.05). T2 (indoor fed) and T8 (grazed), received 60g DM and 180g DM bamboo leaf supplement respectively, yet, T8 had shown no significant difference compared with T2 in SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and ribeye muscle ( P > 0.05). This indicated that the indoor-fed groups performed better than the grazed ones. The weight of the empty digestive tract of T4 and T8 which received the highest bamboo leaf supplement was significantly heavier than the control groups (T1 and T5) (P < 0.05). The more bamboo leaf is added to the diet the more the digestive tract tissue is impacted by its fibrous nature. Wester et al. ( 1995 ), reported, that forage-based diets with large amounts of digesta entering the small intestine give rise to new tissue growth. The same author, studying planes of protein and energy nutrition in visceral organs in lambs, concluded that the digestive tract was more affected by the physical characteristics of the diet than by the level of nutrient intake. Conclusion Bamboo leaf supplementation and indoor feeding of sheep considerably enhanced nutrient intake, live weight gain, and carcass yield, while simultaneously improving feed conversion efficiency. Supplementation of 450 g fresh bamboo leaf harvested from a bamboo culm at the age of less than a year showed no deleterious effects on the nutrition and performance of sheep, and thus inclusion to this level can be applied for better growth performance and carcass yield than feeding sole NPC or grazing. Bamboo plantations should be further promoted to produce enough bamboo leaf biomass as livestock feed to improve livestock productivity, while at the same time contributing to the ecological sustainability of the mixed farming system in the Ethiopian highlands. Declarations Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and logistic support received from Hawassa University. The authors also recognize that the local communities in the study areas deserve appreciation for their participation and cooperation during the research work. Statement of Animal Rights The experimental procedures in this study were reviewed and approved by the Hawassa University Ethics Committee for the use of animals in experiments. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding This research work was funded by Hawassa University. Funding bodies have no role in the design of the study and data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript. Data availability The datasets analyzed in the current study were based on experimental feeding trials and can be available upon reasonable request. Authors contributions Denbeshu Debeko conducted the experiment, collected data, analyzed the data, drafted the and manuscript. 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Tables Table 1 Nutritive value of experimental feeds (g/Kg DM) in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Variable Feed offered Refusal of NPC BL NPC NPG T1 T2 T3 T4 Dry Matter (g/kg) 400 300 300 912 914 913 919 Ash (g/kg DM) 109 84 73 5765 72 75 CP (g/kg DM) 128 131 75 69 74 74 79 NDF (g/kg DM) 667 720 657 676 683 681 696 ADF (g/kg DM) 340 275 348 332 340 335 340 ADL (g/kg DM) 96 40 40 43 40 40 42 EE (g/kg DM) 32 39 34 IVDMD (%) 50 79 63 ME (MJ/kg DM) 8.0 12.7 10.0 ADF= acid detergent fiber, ADL = acid detergent lignin, CP = crude protein, DM = dry matter, EE = ether extract; NDF=,neutral detergent fiber, BL = Bamboo leaf, NPC = native pasture cut, NPG = natural pasture grazed, IVDM = In vitro dry matter digestibility; ME = Metabolisable energy; T1 = Treatment 1; T2 = treatment 2; T3 = treatment 3; T4 = treatment 4 Table 2 Feed and nutrient intakes (gDM/d) of Arsi-Bale male lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia. Parameters T1 T2 T3 T4 SEM NPC DM intake (g)/d 580.3 572.2 571.8 566.6 11.9 BL DM intake (g/d) 0 60 120 180 0.0 Total DM intake (g/d) 580.3 d 632.2 c 691.8 b 746.6 a 11.9 Total DM intake (% BW) 2.96 3.04 3.14 3.27 DM intake (g/kg W 0.75 ) 61.7 d 64.8 c 67.8 b 71.5 a - Total OM intake (g/d) 533.8 d 579.8 c 632.8 b 681.5 a 9.4 Total CP intake (g/d) 76.3 d 82.8 c 90.4 b 97.4 a - Total NDF intake (g/d) 417.8 d 452.0 c 491.7 b 528.0 a 7.4 Total ADF intake (g/d) 159.4 d 177.6 c 197.8 b 216.8 a 2.8 Total ME (MJ/d) 8.5 d 9.3 c 10.1 b 10.9 a 0.16 NDF: CP ratio 5.48 5.46 5.44 5.42 - Means within a row not bearing a similar superscript significantly differ. *. The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level. Table 3 Growth (kg) and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Parameters Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 SEM Initial weight 16.9 17.0 17.0 17.2 17.2 17.2 16.9 17.2 0.37 FBW (kg) 19.9 cb 20.82 b 22.0 ab 22.8 a 19.7 bc 20.4 bc 20.8 ac 21.6 ab 0.39 TG (kg) 2.99 d 3.84 cd 5.06 ab 5.62 a 2.59 d 3.23 d 3.89 c 4.36 bc 0.16 ADG (g/d) 33.3 d 42.7 c 56. 5 ab 62.7 a 29.1 d 36.0 cd 43.3 c 48.7 bc 1.82 DMI(g) /d 580.3 d 632.2 c 691.8 b 746.6 a * * * * FCE 0.057 d 0.067 c 0.082 ab 0.084 a Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p<0.05) using Tukey HSD .T1= NPC-basal diet without BL supplement, T2= NPC-basal diet plus 66.44g DM/lamb of (BL), T3= NPC-basal diet plus 132.88g DM/lamb of BL, T4= NPC-basal diet plus 199.33g DM/lamb of BL, T5= (G) as basal diet without BL supplement, T6= (G )as basal diet plus 66.44gDM/animal of (BL), T7= (G )as basal diet plus 132.88gDM/animal of BL and T8= TG as basal diet plus 199.33g DM/animal of BL. DMI= dry matter intake; DM= dry matter. ADG= average daily gain; FCE= Feed conversion efficiency; SEM= standard error of means. *Feed intake was not measured in T5, T6, T7, and T8 because the lambs were grazed in open grazing land. Table 4 Mean final weight(kg), total growth (kg), and average daily gain(g) in indoor fed and grazed lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Parameter Indoor feeding Grazing SEM P-value Initial weight (kg) 17.00 17.1 0.26 0.784 Final weight(kg) 21.38 a 20.63 b 0.24 0.032 Total growth (kg) 4.38 a 3.52 b 0.08 0.000 Average daily gain (g) 48.64 a 39.08 b 0.92 0.000 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p<0.05) HSD Table 5 Means of main carcass components of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass as basal diet plus bamboo leaf supplementation in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia. Carcass parameters T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 SEM SL Slaughter SBW (kg) 19.70 bc 20.40 ab 21.65 ab 22.19 a 19.20 bc 19.82 bc 20.23 bc 21 bc .451 .001 EBW (kg) 16.88 bc 17.64 ab 18.68 ab 19.19 a 16.62 bc 17.1 bc 17.37 ab 18 ab .412 .001 HCW (kg) 10.57 bc 11.1 ab 11.73 ab 12.08 a 10.49 bc 10.74 bc 10.83 ab 11.26 ab .290 .004 CCW (kg) 10.31 b 10.83 ab 11.44 ab 11.78 a 10.23 bc 10.47 bc 10.56 ab 11 ab .283 .004 DP % (SBW) 62.63 62.94 62.8 62.9 63.12 62.74 62.33 62.42 .308 .638 DP % (EBW) 53.69 54.42 54.2 54.38 54.63 54.1 53.54 53.64 .469 .647 CCY (%) 52.35 53.06 52.84 53.03 53.27 52.75 52.20 52.30 .457 .556 REMA cm 2 7.62 bc 8.07 ab 8.57 ab 8.88 a 7.49 bc 7.76 bc 8 ab 8.3 ab .209 .000 Gut content (kg) 2.82 ab 2.76 ab 2.97 a 3 a 2.58 bc 2.72 ab 2.85 ab 2.95 a .080 .007 Empty gut (kg) 1.2 bc 1.24 bc 1.33 a 1.35 a 1.16 c 1.22 bc 1.28b ab 1.33 a .026 .000 Side carcass cuts Neck (kg) 0.71 bc 0.75 ab 0.79 ab 0.82 a 0.71 c 0.73 bc 0.74 ab 0.76 ab .020 .004 Leg (Pelvic) (kg) 1.88 c 2,0 bc 1.6 bc 2.18 ab 1.9 c 1.94 bc 1.96 bc 2,03 bc .055 .005 Shoulder (kg) 1.7 c 1.82 bc 1.92 bc 1.98 ab 1.71 c 1.76 bc 1.84 bc 0.95 bc .050 .004 Rack-Loin (kg) 0.70 c 0.74 bc 0.78 bc 0.80 ab 0.70 c 0.72 bc 0.72 bc 0.75 bc .020 .004 Breast (kg) 0.83 c 0.88 bc 0.93 bc 0.95 ab 0.83 c 0.85 bc 0.86 bc 0.89 bc .024 .004 Tail (kg) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 .002 .084 Offal parts Heart (kg) 0.10 bc 0.11 bc 0.11 ab 0.12 ab 0.10 cd 0.10 bc 0.11 bc 0.11 bc .003 .001 Liver (kg) 0.4 bc 0.4 bc 0.41 b 0.42 ab 0.36 cd 0.37 c 0.38 bc 0.40 bc .009 .001 Kidney(kg) 0.08 bc 0.08 bc 0.09 ab 0.09 ab 0.08 cd 0.08 bc 0.082 bc 0.085 bc .002 .001 Lungs with trachea (kg) 0.40 bc 0.42 bc 0.44 ab 0.46 ab 0.39 cd 0.41 bc 0.41 bc 0.43 bc .010 .001 Skin (kg) 1.29 bc 1.3 bc 1.4 ab 1.45 ab 1.25 cd 1.30 bc 1.30 bc 1.37 bc .029 .001 Head (kg) 1.32 bc 1.37 bc 1.45 ab 1.49 ab 1.29 cd 1.33 bc 1.36 bc 1.41 bc .030 .001 Feet (kg) 0.76 bc 0.78 bc 0.83 ab 0.85 ab 0.74 cd 0.76 bc 0.78 bc 0.81 bc .017 .001 Testis (kg) 0.19 bc 0.19 bc 0.20 ab 0.21 ab 0.18 cd 0.19 bc 0.19 bc 0.20 bc .004 .001 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P<0.0) using Tukey HSD Table 6 Summary of mean weight of main carcass components of indoor fed and grazed lambs statistically compared in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia Carcass parameters Indoor feeding Grazing SEM P-Value Slaughter body weight (Kg) 21 a 20.06 b 0.225 0.006 Empty body weight (Kg) 18.10 a 17.28 b 0.206 0.008 Hot carcass weight (Kg) 11.37 a 10.83 b 0.145 0.013 Cold carcass weight (Kg) 11.1 a 10.56 b 0.142 0.013 Dressing % EBW basis 62.82 62.65 0.154 0.451 Dressing % SBW basis 54.17 53.98 0.234 0.561 Cold carcass yield (CCY) % 52.82 52.63 0.228 0.561 Ribeye muscle area cm 2 8.28 a 7.89 b 0.104 0.011 Digestive tract content (kg) 2.89 2.78 0.04 0.056 Empty digestive tract (kg) 1.28 1.25 0.013 0.091 Side carcass cuts Neck (kg) 0.77 a 0.73 b 0.01 0.021 Leg (Pelvic limb) (kg) 2.04 a 1.95 b 0.027 0.025 Rack-loin(kg) 0.76 a 0.72 b 0.01 0.021 Breast (kg) 0.90 a 0.86 b 0.012 0.023 Tail fat (kg) 0.08 a .075 b 0.001 0.031 Offal parts Heart (kg) 0.11 a 0.105 b 0.001 0.01 Liver (kg) 0.40 a 0.38 b 0.005 0.008 Kidney (kg) 0.085 a 0.08 b 0.001 0.008 Lungs (kg) 0.43 a 0.41 b 0.005 0.008 Skin (kg) 1.37 a 1.31 b 0.015 0.006 Head (kg) 1.41 a 1.35 b 0.015 0.006 Feet (kg) 0.81 a 0.77 b 0.009 0.006 Testis (kg) 0.2 a 0.19 b 0.002 0.01 Means within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P<0.0) using HSD Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 24 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 29 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 29 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4013342","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":303198475,"identity":"aea5ff83-03c7-4f89-b4b5-da20697748e9","order_by":0,"name":"Denbeshu Debeko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hawassa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Denbeshu","middleName":"","lastName":"Debeko","suffix":""},{"id":303198476,"identity":"4f5e392f-b02b-4fe9-a450-6bc582d24d39","order_by":1,"name":"Adugna Tolera","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hawassa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adugna","middleName":"","lastName":"Tolera","suffix":""},{"id":303198477,"identity":"e7df1188-9bd4-46e8-a532-a02fce45bd8b","order_by":2,"name":"Ayana Angassa","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCDDwwMCaTpYJxBshZmHmK08M9IfvbgR80du/7+4w8/27bZ5fGzNzB++JiDW4vEjTRzw55jz5Jn3Mgxls5tSy6W7DnALDlzGx5rbiSYSfCwHU5muMHDANTCnLjhRgIbMy8eLfI30r9J/vl3OFn+/PHHvy3b6glrMbiRYybN23bYzuBAgpk0Y9thwloMz7wpk5btO5xgCNRr2XPueOLMnoPNeP0idzx9m+Sbb4ft5YAOu/GjrDqxn7354IeP+LwvkACmEhtAJCMbmGzAox4I+A+AKXsI7w9+xaNgFIyCUTAyAQCsqVlevXBo2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Botswana College of Agriculture: Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ayana","middleName":"","lastName":"Angassa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-04 17:13:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57105783,"identity":"a20bf1bc-70ab-405b-a40b-a36c0364a377","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-24 17:37:50","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44634,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e Mean of final body weight (kg) of the treatment lambs at the end of the feeding trial in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1a.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4013342/v1/ac40e93da5f4e073c2dd2458.jpg"},{"id":57105785,"identity":"92fa32da-ffb2-43c1-8719-f0d812df05e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-24 17:37:50","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45162,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eb Total growth (kg) of the lambs attained at the end of the feeding trial in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1b.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4013342/v1/b771ebd48db1921918c0b05b.jpg"},{"id":57106302,"identity":"f8fb2f5f-0a3e-45a3-a7e3-03ed73dfc58a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-24 17:45:50","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":43151,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ec ADG (g/day) of the feeding trial lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1c.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4013342/v1/7515a9d8120ba1f2084a61b4.jpg"},{"id":57106735,"identity":"f621b877-178f-427f-9adb-e936f152c71c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-24 17:53:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1605175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4013342/v1/b17eca62-51bc-410a-bbc2-27159e6c0556.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Supplementation effects of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed grasses as basal diets indoors versus under field conditions in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe quantity and quality of feed are among the major factors that affect the productivity of animals (Adugna, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e). Feed supply and quality are affected by declining grazing areas, overgrazing, and degradation of grazing lands as well as seasonal fluctuation of forage supply with limited availability of alternative feed resources. Nowadays, area closures or exclosures are expanding as a means of land rehabilitation to restore degraded communal grazing areas. This is practiced by excluding livestock and restricting access to people until the vegetation cover is restored (Tucker and Murphy, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e). Excluding livestock eliminates grazing pressure and limits soil compaction (Aynekulu et al., 2017), whereas restricting people from accessing the exclosures avoids the uncontrolled cutting of trees and grasses (Abebe et al., 2006). The forage resources from the area closures in communal grazing areas can be utilized by a cut-and-carry system or zero-grazing (Gebregziabher and Gebrehiwot, 2011). The use of area exclosures as a means of combating land degradation is becoming an emerging practice in private grazing lands in the Sidama highlands of southern Ethiopia. The grass from the exclosures is used by a cut-and-carry system for indoor feeding of market-oriented livestock production such as fattening and milk production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFarmers in the Sidama highlands of Ethiopia have traditionally been practicing fattening of male intact lambs, by letting them graze free in the open grazing lands. However, the expansion of population growth and diminishing availability of grazing lands also currently posing a great challenge to the traditional practices of livestock keeping in the study area. As a result, the practice of sheep feeding indoors by a cut-carry system from area exclosures might fix the problems associated with low levels of animal productivity. This is particularly important in densely populated areas, where land degradation is becoming a major problem.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the Sidama highlands, the leaf of African alpine bamboo (\u003cem\u003eYushania alpina\u003c/em\u003e) is used as livestock feed in times of feed shortage. A previous study by Denbeshu (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) reported a CP content of 12\u0026ndash;18% and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of 54\u0026ndash;57% for the bamboo foliage, which indicates its potential as a supplementary feed to native grass. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels of bamboo leaf supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass cut from area closures or grazed in adjacent open grazing areas.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eStudy area, animals, and experimental facilities\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted at a private sheep-keeping facility of the Mollo-Meno Farmers\u0026rsquo; Association in the Bursa district of Sidama Regional State, southern Ethiopia located at 6\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e 42\u0026prime;16.73\u0026prime;\u0026prime; N latitude and 38\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e 34\u0026prime;45.77\u0026prime;\u0026prime; E longitude. Forty non-castrated yearling males of Arsi-Bale lambs, with an initial average body weight (BW) of 17.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17 kg were used in the study. The experimental animals were housed in individual pens of 1 m \u0026times; 1.2 m with floors made of bamboo culms. All experimental animals were dewormed with 300 g of albendazole/lamb and all were vaccinated against Blackleg and Ovine pasteurellosis before the start of the experiment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental design, treatments, and dietary management\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe lambs were blocked into five blocks based on initial body weight and lambs from each block were randomly assigned to each treatment using a randomized complete block design. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment in a complete randomized block design with two independent variables: (1) the type of feeding system (indoor feeding on forage cut from area closures vs open-grazing areas) and (2) the level of bamboo leaves supplementation (0, 150 g, 300 g, and 450 g fresh bamboo leaves per head per day). The four levels of bamboo leaf supplementation were applied to both indoor feeding and outdoor grazing conditions. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 90 days. The treatments were as follows: (T1) natural pasture cut from area closure (NPC)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;basal diet without bamboo leaf (BL) supplement (control); (T2) NPC as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;66.44 g DM/lamb of BL; (T3) NPC as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;132.88 g DM/lamb of BL; (T4) NPC as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;199.33 g DM/lamb of BL (T5) natural pasture grazed (NPG) as basal diet without BL supplement (control); (T6) NPG as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;66.44 g DM/animal of BL; (T7) NPG as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;132.88 g DM/animal of BL and (T8) NPG as basal diet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;199.33 g DM/animal of BL.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe indoor-fed lambs were offered feed three times a day at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 hours. The cut forage was offered ad libitum at a 20% refusal rate. During the feeding trial, the weights of the daily feed offered, and refusals were recorded to calculate the daily feed intake. Representative samples of the cut natural pasture and bamboo leaves supplements were taken whenever they were weighed and bulked over the experimental period. Grass samples from the grazing lands were collected from four randomly set transacts at 10-meter intervals along each transect every week for three months. The collected samples were bulked over the experimental period and composite sub-samples were taken to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory in the School of Animal and Range Sciences at Hawassa University for chemical analyses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed chemical analysis and calculations\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed and refusal samples were air-dried and kept in plastic bags pending oven drying at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory at Hawassa University. The air-dried samples were further dried in a forced draft oven at 60 ℃ for 72 hours. The dried samples were ground using a Willey mill to pass through a 1 mm sieve size and kept in the air-tight plastic bags pending chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) determination. The dry matter (DM), ash, and ether extract (EE) contents of the samples were determined according to AOAC (1995). The DM content was determined by drying the ground samples at 105\u0026deg;C for 12 hours whereas the ash content was determined by combusting them in a muffle furnace at 550\u0026deg;C for 5 hours. The nitrogen (N) content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the crude protein (CP) content was calculated as N x 6.25 (AOAC, 1995). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined using the ANKOM fiber analyzer sequentially by the method of Van Soest and Robertson (1985). Lignin (ADL) was determined by solubilization of cellulose with H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (Van Soest and Robertson, 1985). In vitro, dry-matter digestibility (IVDMD) was determined using the ANKOM \u0026ndash; DAISY procedure by the method of Van Soest and Robertson (1985). Non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content was calculated as NFC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100 \u0026minus; (NDF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;EE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Ash). The Metabolic energy (ME) content of the feeds was predicted from digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) (McDonald \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2010) as shown in the following equation. ME (MJ/kg DM)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016 DOMD; Where DOMD (g) indicates digestible organic matter per kilogram of dry matter.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody weight change and feed efficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe initial body weights of the experimental animals were determined by taking the mean of the weights taken on two consecutive days at the beginning of the experiment. Subsequent weights were taken at 14-day intervals after overnight fasting and before offering the morning feed. The average daily body weight gain (ADG) of the animals was calculated as the difference between the final and initial body weights divided by the number of feeding days. The feed conversion efficiency of the experimental animals was determined following the methods proposed by G\u0026uuml;lten et al. (2000) by dividing the average daily weight gain of the experimental animals by the amount of feed consumed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of carcass characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the end of the 90-day feeding period, all lambs were transported to Hawassa City Municipality\u0026rsquo;s Abattoir. The slaughter body weights (SBW) of the lambs were taken before slaughter and after overnight fasting. The carcasses were eviscerated, and the internal organs or tissues including the heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and digestive tract were separated and weighed. The digestive contents were also weighed after emptying the digestive tract. Empty body weight (EBW) was obtained by subtracting the weight of digestive contents from slaughter body weight (SBW). After weighing, the hot carcasses were chilled at 4\u0026deg;C for 24 hours and re-weighed to obtain cold carcass weight (CCW). After 24 hours of cooling, the \u003cem\u003eLongissimus dorsi\u003c/em\u003e muscle (LM) was transversely cut the exposed side of the LM muscle was drawn on tracing paper, and its area was measured with a planimeter, to the nearest cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, to obtain the LM area. The values obtained from the right and left sides of the carcass were used to calculate the arithmetic mean of the LM area per carcass (Y\u0026aacute;\u0026ntilde;ez \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. 2006). The cold carcasses were weighed and divided into two symmetrical sides along the backbone using a saw. The left side carcasses were cut into wholesale cuts (neck, shoulder, leg, rack-loin, breast, and tail) and weighed separately according to Colomer-Rocher et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The dressing percentage (DP) as proportions of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight and empty body weight was computed according to the procedures by Bonvillani et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDP (based on empty body weight)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Hot carcass weight (kg)/empty body weight (kg) x 100\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDP (based on slaughter weight)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Hot carcass weight (kg)/slaughter weight (kg) x 100\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrinkage after chilling (SC) was calculated by the following formula SC = ([HCW\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;CCW]/HCW) \u0026times; 100, where HCW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;hot carcass weight and CCW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;cold carcass weight.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe growth and carcass data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS (version 20, 2014) in a factorial arrangement to examine the effects of the type of feeding system and level of supplementation and their interaction. When significant differences were observed, the differences between means were compared using the Tukey test at a 5% level of significance. Feed intake data were subjected to one-way ANOVA following the GLM procedure of SPSS (version 20, 2014) and Least Significance Difference (HSD) was used to separate the means when found significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eNutritive value of experimental feeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe nutritive value of experimental feeds is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The BL had slightly higher DM content than the natural pastures in area closures and open grazing areas. The ash and ADL contents were also higher in the BL than in the natural pastures (NPC and NPG). The CP content of BL and NPC were comparable but higher than that of NPG. The NPC had higher NDF but lower ADF than both BL and NPG. The IVDMD and ME content were highest in NPC and lowest in BL with intermediate values in NPG. All three feeds had similar EE contents. The refusals of the NPC from the indoor feeding experiment had lower CP and ash contents but higher ADF contents than the NPC offered.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutritive value of experimental feeds (g/Kg DM) in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed offered\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal of NPC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNPC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNPG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Matter (g/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e914\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e913\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsh (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5765\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCP (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNDF (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e667\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e657\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e676\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e683\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e681\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e696\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADF (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADL (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEE (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIVDMD (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eME (MJ/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eADF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;acid detergent fiber, ADL\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;acid detergent lignin, CP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;crude protein, DM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;dry matter, EE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;ether extract; NDF=,neutral detergent fiber, BL\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Bamboo leaf, NPC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;native pasture cut, NPG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;natural pasture grazed, IVDM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;In vitro dry matter digestibility; ME\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Metabolisable energy; T1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Treatment 1; T2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;treatment 2; T3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;treatment 3; T4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;treatment 4\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed intake\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e illustrates the daily mean intake of dry matter and other chemical components of the feed by Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass cut from area exclosures along with different levels of bamboo leaf supplementation. The experimental animals ate all the bamboo leaf supplements (i.e., no refusal was recorded) during the experimental period. Generally, the level of feed intake per animal within each treatment group was almost identical over the entire experimental period. The total DM intake expressed in g/head/day and g/kg W\u003csup\u003e0.75\u003c/sup\u003e showed a significant increase (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation. Similarly, total OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ME intakes also increased (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed and nutrient intakes (gDM/d) of Arsi-Bale male lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNPC DM intake (g)/d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e572.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e571.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e566.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBL DM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal DM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e632.2\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e691.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e746.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal DM intake (% BW)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM intake (g/kg W\u003csup\u003e0.75\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.7\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal OM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e533.8\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e579.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e632.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e681.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CP intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal NDF intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e417.8\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e452.0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e491.7\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e528.0\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal ADF intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159.4\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.6\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal ME (MJ/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNDF: CP ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eMeans within a row not bearing a similar superscript significantly differ. *. The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody weight change and feed conversion efficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of the body weight change analysis of the experimental lambs are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e as well as in Figures (1a-1c). The final body weight, total body weight gain, and average daily gain of the experimental animals showed a general increase with increasing levels of BL supplementation both in cut-and-carry indoor feeding and open grazing systems. The FCE also increased (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) with increasing levels of BL supplementation. Comparison of the cut-and-carry indoor feeding from area closures and continuous grazing in open grazing lands showed that the final body weight, total body weight gain, and average daily gain were higher (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) under indoor feeding than open grazing system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth (kg) and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial weight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFBW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003csup\u003ecb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.82\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003csup\u003eac\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTG (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.06\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.59\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADG (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.7\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56. 5\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.7\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.0\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.7\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDMI(g) /d\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e632.2\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e691.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e746.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFCE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.067\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) using Tukey HSD .T1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;NPC-basal diet without BL supplement, T2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;NPC-basal diet plus 66.44g DM/lamb of (BL), T3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;NPC-basal diet plus 132.88g DM/lamb of BL, T4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;NPC-basal diet plus 199.33g DM/lamb of BL, T5= (G) as basal diet without BL supplement, T6= (G )as basal diet plus 66.44gDM/animal of (BL), T7= (G )as basal diet plus 132.88gDM/animal of BL and T8\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;TG as basal diet plus 199.33g DM/animal of BL. DMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;dry matter intake; DM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;dry matter. ADG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;average daily gain; FCE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Feed conversion efficiency; SEM\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;standard error of means. *Feed intake was not measured in T5, T6, T7, and T8 because the lambs were grazed in open grazing land.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean final weight(kg), total growth (kg), and average daily gain(g) in indoor fed and grazed lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrazing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial weight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal weight(kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.38\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.63\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal growth (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.38\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.52\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage daily gain (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.64\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) HSD\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcass characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of the carcass characteristics of experimental lambs are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. Bamboo leaf supplementation resulted in significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) heavier weight of SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and rib eye muscle area (REMA) in lambs in T4 than those in T1, T5, and T6 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). That means lambs in T4 (the highest supplemented among the indoor fed) performed significantly better than the non-supplemented from indoor fed, non-supplemented from free grazed and the least supplemented from free grazed. However, there were no significant differences among T2, T3, T4, T7, and T8 in terms of SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and REMA (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeans of main carcass components of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass as basal diet plus bamboo leaf supplementation in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcass parameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSlaughter\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.70\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.40\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.65\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.19\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.82\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.23\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e 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\u003cp\u003e17.37\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.412\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHCW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.57\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.73\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.08\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.49\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.74\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.83\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.26\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.31\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.83\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.44\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.78\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.23\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.47\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.56\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.283\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDP % (SBW)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.638\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDP % (EBW)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.469\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.647\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCY (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.457\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.556\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eREMA cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.62\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.07\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.57\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.88\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.49\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.76\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.209\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGut content (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.76\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.58\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.72\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.95\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpty gut (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28b\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide carcass cuts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeck (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeg (Pelvic) (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.88 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,0 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,03 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShoulder (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.92 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRack-Loin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.93 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTail (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.084\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOffal parts\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiver (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKidney(kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.082 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.085 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLungs with trachea (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.29 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.49 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.29 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeet (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTestis (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18 \u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0) using Tukey HSD\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of mean weight of main carcass components of indoor fed and grazed lambs statistically compared in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcass parameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrazing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlaughter body weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.06\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpty body weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.28\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHot carcass weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.37\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.83\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold carcass weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.56\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDressing % EBW basis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDressing % SBW basis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold carcass yield (CCY) %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibeye muscle area cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.28\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.89\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigestive tract content (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpty digestive tract (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSide carcass cuts\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeck (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeg (Pelvic limb) (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.04\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRack-loin(kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTail fat (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.075\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOffal parts\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiver (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKidney (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLungs (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeet (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTestis (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0) using HSD\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDressing percentages based on HCW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.638) and EBW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.647) did not show any significant differences among the treatment groups (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Among the treatment groups supplemented with bamboo leaf T3, T4, and T8 had a significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) heavier digestive tract content and heavier empty digestive tract weight than the rest of the treatment groups. All bamboo leaf-supplemented groups from indoor fed and grazed had a significantly heavier weight of neck, leg, shoulder, rack-loin, and breast (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) than the non-supplemented (T1 and T5). There was no significant difference in tail fat weight among all treatment groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn general, the results showed that the indoor-fed lambs showed a significantly heavier weight in SBW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.006), EBW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.008), HCW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.013), CCW (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.013), REMA (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.011), neck (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.021), leg (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.025), shoulder (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.026), Rack-loin (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.021), and breast (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.023) than the free grazed lambs (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eNutritive value of experimental feeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study was designed to determine the effect of native grasses and bamboo leaves on the growth performance and carcass traits of lambs. Concerning the first objective, it was found that the CP contents of native grasses (NPC) from area exclosures and bamboo leaf (BL) were 13.1%, and 12.76%, respectively. This combination is well above the minimum level (7%) required for normal rumen microbial growth and fermentation (Van Soest \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e). Although the experimental lambs in the control group with no BL supplement displayed the lowest growth performance, they showed no negative growth. The possible explanation for this might be that the CP content of NPC was above the maintenance requirement of sheep. Generally, the CP content of NPC was below the recommended 15% of the protein supplements for lambs (Umunna et al. 1995). This suggests that the use of NPC as a sole diet cannot fully cover the growth requirement of lambs, and it is essential to supplement lambs with additional CP sources from locally available feed resources. A previous study (Denbeshu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) that noted the importance of bamboo leaves suggested that it is a potential source of supplement that is locally available, evergreen, and palatable throughout the year. The current study found that BL had CP, NDF, ADF, and IVDMD contents of 12.76%, NDF 66.72%, ADF 33.96%, and 49.85%, respectively. and this result is consistent with that of Gashu G. et al. (2017), who reported a comparable result on the bamboo leaf content which showed a CP of 10.96%, NDF of 69.52%, ADF 31.58% and IVDMD of 45.85%. The slight variation that exists could be attributed to the age of the bamboo culm at harvest and the season of harvest. Despite its free availability and accessibility to local farmers, bamboo leaves alone might not fulfill the expected protein requirement. Surprisingly, when BL was supplemented along with NPC resulted in a better growth performance in lambs than in grasses alone. The NDF contents of both NPC and BL were similar to the report of Gashu G. et al. (2017) on the chemical composition of native grass and highland bamboo leaves. This result is slightly above 65% which limits the digestibility and DM intake of ruminant animals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe chemical composition of mountain bamboo (\u003cem\u003eYushania alpina)\u003c/em\u003e leaf used as a supplement in this study was CP 12.76%, NDF 66.72%, ADF 33.96%, ADL 9.6%, Ash 10.96%, IVOMD 49.85% ME 7.98 (MJ/KgDM), which is also similar with the result reported by Bezabih et.al, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The probable explanation for the observed variations may be due to differences in location, soil, and age of bamboo leaf used, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed intake\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, the share of bamboo leaf in the total diet was about 10.77% for 150 g (T2), 18% for 300 g (T3), and 23.31% for 400 g (T4) supplementation level. An important observation from this trial was the absence of any negative effect on feed intake and weight gain when the lambs were supplemented with bamboo leaf up to 23.31% of the total diet DM consumed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough, the NDF content of both NPC and BL was in the range (above 65%) that limits digestibility and DM intake in ruminants, the significant increase in the intake of total DM, OM, CP, and NDF of sheep with increasing levels of bamboo supplementation (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) is an indication of improvement in the digestibility of the diets consumed. Previous studies (Allen, M.S \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e, 1988; Poppi, 2011) have shown that the intake and digestibility of fiber are directly related to the potential digestible portion of NDF (pdNDF) in the diet. Potential digestibility is defined as the NDF fraction which disappears after a long incubation period, leaving the indigestible component of NDF (iNDF) which is unavailable for microbial digestion (Waldo et al. 1972; Wilkins, 1972). The relationship between DM intake and NDF is more than just NDF content in the diet but also dependent on the potential digestibility of NDF (pdNDF) (Poppi, 2011; Waldo et al. 1972, Wilkins, 1969) and the indigestible component of NDF (iNDF) which is unavailable for microbial digestion. The pdNDF fraction is defined as the difference between the NDF and iNDF. It is the iNDF component that is the rate-limiting constituent of forages at higher NDF levels (Lippke, 1986). NDF has been proposed as a reliable predictor of voluntary dry matter (DM) intake under certain conditions (Minson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e). The relationship between the NDF content and feed intake is complex and not a linear relationship (Arelovich et al 1990). Tropical forages can have the same NDF content but differ vastly in iNDF (Arelovich et al 1990). The amount and quality of NDF in a diet can either enhance or limit feed intake. This may be the case, that the higher NDF content of the feeds in this study did not affect much the DM intake and digestibility of diets. There may be a lower level of iNDF in both NPC and BL. This requires further research on the iNDF content of NPC and BL.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe improved intake of DM and nutrients in this study is likely due to the increased availability of N and readily available OM or energy in the rumen, which in turn facilitates microbial growth and fiber digestion. The bamboo leaf supplementation did not limit intake as other fibrous feeds do rather it enhanced it. The combined effect of improved rumen environment for microbes and lowered physical limitations of intake must have contributed to the linear increase in the intake of the total DM and nutrients by the lambs. The total DM intake between the higher two bamboo supplementation levels (120 g DM and 180 g DM/day) was significantly different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) signaling that the supplementation of the bamboo leaf did not reach its optimal level, where the balance between microbial growth and fiber digestion reaches its maximum level thereafter, the increase in intake may start to decline. This is the most likely indication that the bamboo leaf supplementation did not reach the possible maximum level.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe treatment groups supplemented with bamboo leaves (T2, T3, and T4) consumed more (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) feed than the sheep in the control group (T1). There was no refusal of bamboo leaf record as all supplements had been eaten, which indicates bamboo leaves from young culms (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1-year age) are nutritious and palatable. The DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF intakes among the supplemented groups varied significantly (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000). The highest and significant intake of these was recorded in T4 which also received the highest amount of bamboo leaf. As the amount of bamboo leaf supplement increased, total DM was significantly increased (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) indicating that the inclusion of fresh bamboo leaf along with grass promoted more DM intake compared with the control group. Nutritionally, the increase in DM intake along with increased supplementation is a desired effect. This is evidenced by the considerable improvement of FCE from T1 to T4. The total DM intake was significantly different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) in the order of T4\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;T3\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;T2\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;T1. The observed total DM intake as a percent of BW falls within the range of 2.96\u0026ndash;3.27% suggested to be consumed by small ruminants (Schoenian, 2003). The estimated ME intake at T1 (8.54 MJ/kg/d) in the present study is considerably above the maintenance energy requirement recommended for yearling lambs (McDonald \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2010).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody weight change and feed conversion efficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth performance and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed indoors on native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. In this study, sheep in the control groups (T1 and T5) did not lose weight but rather achieved a total growth of 2.99 kg (T1), 2.59 kg (T5), and ADG of 33.33g and 29.11g, respectively. This indicates that the native grass in the area exclosures and grazing land had supplied the lambs with nutrients and energy above maintenance level. The average daily gain (ADG) attained in this study for T4 (62.67g) and for T8 (48.67g) were higher than ADG (45.11 g/day) for yearling Farta sheep fed urea-treated rice straw as basal diet and supplemented with 400 g dry \u003cem\u003eSesbania sesban\u003c/em\u003e leaf as reported by Tekliye et al. (2018). And it is lower than 103 g/day for sheep fed diet containing 300 g/day Sesbania sesban foliage (Moges \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. 2008) and 75.71 g/day for Abergelle rams supplemented with 300 g/day DM Sesbania sesban leaf (Tekle \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. 2016).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe highest ADG (62.67 g/day) for the current study was higher than 41.8\u0026ndash;56.4 g/day ADG for Blackhead Ogaden sheep fed haricot bean haulm as a basal diet supplemented with the mixtures of wheat bran and 300 g/day brewers dried grain (Emebet, 2008). It was also comparable with the highest ADG (64.4 g/day) for Washera sheep fed grass hay basal diet and supplemented with 350 g/day concentrate (field pea hull, wheat bran, and \u0026ldquo;Noug\u0026rdquo; seed cake) (Mesganaw, 2014). Similarly, as Denbeshu D. (2010) reported, Arsi-Bale lambs with similar initial weight and age fed 25% bamboo leaf 75% concentrate (wheat bran and Noug cake in 3:1 ratio) on grass hay basal diet had attained 22.1(kg) FBW, 5.3 (kg) TG and 62.8 (g) ADG. These results are consistent with the current study results in which lambs in T4 which received 180 g DM bamboo leaf supplement attained 22.82 (kg) FBW, 5.62 (kg) TG, and 62.67 (g) ADG.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcass characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale lambs reared under grazing (G) and indoors fed from native grass cut (NPC) and supplemented with bamboo leaf are shown in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. In this study, the carcass weight of lambs improved with the increasing addition of bamboo leaves in the ration. The slaughter body weight (SBW), empty body weight (EBW), and hot carcass weight (HCW) were significantly heavier than the control treatments, which is consistent with that observed for TG and ADG. HCW in this study was heavier than Kaffa (5.55\u0026ndash;12.4 kg), Washera (9.23\u0026ndash;9.8 kg), Arsi Bale (6.97\u0026ndash;9.30 kg) and Farta (6.40\u0026ndash;10.1 kg) sheep reported by different authors (Dereje \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.2014, Bekele et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e, Worku \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. 2015, and Melaku \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e1998), respectively. The ribeye REMA values obtained in this study (7.49\u0026ndash;8.88 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) were similar to the lowest values obtained by Melaku \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (1998) and Tekliye \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2018) which were (8.1\u0026ndash;11.9 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and (8.41\u0026ndash;10.8 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) respectively. Worku \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2015) reported that supplementation had a significant effect on the ribeye muscle area which is consistent with this study. Generally, the variations in carcass traits in this study and previous studies may be due to variations in initial weight and supplement feeds used for the experiment. In agreement with this, McDonald \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2010) noted that nutrition, age, sex, genetics, season, and other related factors affect the growth and carcass traits of animals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is significantly higher weight in supplemented groups of T3 and T4 than the control (T1, T5) groups and T6 groups in SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and ribeye muscle area (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). There is no observed significant difference among T3, T4, T7, and T8 in SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and ribeye muscle area (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). T2 (indoor fed) and T8 (grazed), received 60g DM and 180g DM bamboo leaf supplement respectively, yet, T8 had shown no significant difference compared with T2 in SBW, EBW, HCW, CCW, and ribeye muscle (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). This indicated that the indoor-fed groups performed better than the grazed ones.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe weight of the empty digestive tract of T4 and T8 which received the highest bamboo leaf supplement was significantly heavier than the control groups (T1 and T5) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The more bamboo leaf is added to the diet the more the digestive tract tissue is impacted by its fibrous nature. Wester et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e), reported, that forage-based diets with large amounts of digesta entering the small intestine give rise to new tissue growth. The same author, studying planes of protein and energy nutrition in visceral organs in lambs, concluded that the digestive tract was more affected by the physical characteristics of the diet than by the level of nutrient intake.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBamboo leaf supplementation and indoor feeding of sheep considerably enhanced nutrient intake, live weight gain, and carcass yield, while simultaneously improving feed conversion efficiency. Supplementation of 450 g fresh bamboo leaf harvested from a bamboo culm at the age of less than a year showed no deleterious effects on the nutrition and performance of sheep, and thus inclusion to this level can be applied for better growth performance and carcass yield than feeding sole NPC or grazing. Bamboo plantations should be further promoted to produce enough bamboo leaf biomass as livestock feed to improve livestock productivity, while at the same time contributing to the ecological sustainability of the mixed farming system in the Ethiopian highlands.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial\u0026nbsp;and logistic\u0026nbsp;support received from\u0026nbsp;Hawassa University. The\u0026nbsp;authors also recognize that the local communities in the study areas\u0026nbsp;deserve appreciation for their participation and cooperation during the\u0026nbsp;research work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatement of Animal Rights\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe experimental procedures in this study were reviewed and approved by the Hawassa University Ethics Committee for the use of animals in experiments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research work was funded by Hawassa University. Funding bodies have no role in the design of the study and data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets analyzed in the current study were\u0026nbsp;based on experimental feeding trials\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;can be\u0026nbsp;available upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDenbeshu Debeko\u0026nbsp;conducted the experiment, collected data, analyzed the data,\u0026nbsp;drafted the and\u0026nbsp;manuscript. Adugna Tolera\u0026nbsp;and Ayana Angassa\u0026nbsp;contributed to the conception, design, and manuscript revision\u0026nbsp;and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdugna T. 2008. 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Model of cellulose disappearance from the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 1972, 55, 125\u0026ndash;129.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWester, T.J., Britton, R.A., Klopfenstein, T.J., Ham, G.A., Hickok, D.T., Krehbiel, C.R., 1995. Differential effects of plane of protein or energy nutrition on visceral organs and hormones in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 1674\u0026ndash;1688.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilkins, R.J. Potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters. J. Agric. Sci. 1972, 78, 457\u0026ndash;464.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWolde Mekuria, Menale Wondie, Tadele Amare, Asmare Wubet, Tesfaye Feyisa,Birru Yitaferu. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoration of degraded landscapes for ecosystem services in North-Western Ethiopia. Heliyon 4 (2018) e00764. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018. e00764\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorku A, Animut G, Urge M. Supplementing rice bran, Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) leaf and their mixtures on digestibility and performance of Kafka sheep fed native grass hay. Int J Agric Sci Res. 2015;4(3):57\u0026ndash;66.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eY\u0026aacute;\u0026ntilde;ez, E.A., Ferreira, A.C.D., Medeiros, A.N., Pereira Filho, J.M., Teixeira, I.A.M.A. and Resende, K.T., 2006. Methodologies for ribeye area determination in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 66: 197\u0026ndash;200.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e Nutritive value of experimental feeds (g/Kg DM) in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.677966101694917%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeed offered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.66101694915254%\" colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRefusal of NPC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.087759815242494%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.856812933025404%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNPC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.856812933025404%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNPG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.157043879907621%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.856812933025404%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.242494226327944%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.471131639722863%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.471131639722863%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry Matter (g/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e912\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsh (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCP (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDF (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e676\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e681\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e696\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eADF (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e332\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e335\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eADL (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEE (g/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIVDMD (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.610169491525422%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eME (MJ/kg DM)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.338983050847459%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"3.0508474576271185%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.169491525423728%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.186440677966102%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152542372881356%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eADF= acid detergent fiber, ADL = acid detergent lignin, CP = crude protein, DM = dry matter, EE = ether extract; NDF=,neutral detergent fiber, BL = Bamboo leaf, NPC = native pasture cut, NPG = natural pasture grazed, IVDM = In vitro dry matter digestibility; ME = Metabolisable energy; T1 = Treatment 1; T2 = treatment 2; T3 = treatment 3; T4 = treatment 4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e Feed and nutrient intakes (gDM/d) of Arsi-Bale male lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"96%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNPC DM intake (g)/d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e572.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e571.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e566.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBL DM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal DM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e632.2\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e691.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e746.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal DM intake (% BW)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM intake (g/kg W\u003csup\u003e0.75\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.7\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal OM intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e533.8\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e579.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e632.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e681.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal CP intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.8\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal NDF intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417.8\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e452.0\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e491.7\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e528.0\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal ADF intake (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.4\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.6\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal ME (MJ/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.25%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDF: CP ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.625%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.5%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.458333333333334%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within a row not bearing a similar superscript significantly differ. *. The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e Growth (kg) and feed conversion efficiency of Arsi-Bale sheep grazed and fed native grass cut (NPC) from area exclosures and supplemented with bamboo leaf in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"93%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.244897959183673%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"78.57142857142857%\" colspan=\"8\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial weight\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFBW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003csup\u003ecb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.82\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.0\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003csup\u003eac\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.6\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;TG (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.06\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eADG (g/d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56. 5\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.7\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.7\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDMI(g) /d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e580.3\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e632.2\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e691.8\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e746.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.76595744680851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFCE\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.067\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.702127659574469%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.51063829787234%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.574468085106384%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p\u0026lt;0.05) using Tukey HSD .T1= NPC-basal diet without BL supplement, T2= NPC-basal diet plus 66.44g DM/lamb of (BL), T3= NPC-basal diet plus 132.88g DM/lamb of BL, T4= NPC-basal diet plus 199.33g DM/lamb of BL, T5= (G) as basal diet without BL supplement, T6= (G )as basal diet plus 66.44gDM/animal of (BL), T7= (G )as basal diet plus 132.88gDM/animal of BL and T8= TG as basal diet plus 199.33g DM/animal of BL. \u0026nbsp;DMI= dry matter intake; DM= dry matter. ADG= average daily gain; FCE= Feed conversion efficiency; SEM= standard error of means. *Feed intake was not measured in T5, T6, T7, and T8 because the lambs were grazed in open grazing land.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e Mean final weight(kg), total growth (kg), and average daily gain(g) in indoor fed and grazed lambs in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.764705882352942%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameter\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndoor feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrazing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.798319327731093%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.764705882352942%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial weight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.798319327731093%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.764705882352942%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFinal weight(kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.38\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.63\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.798319327731093%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.764705882352942%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal growth (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.38\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.52\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.798319327731093%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.764705882352942%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage daily gain (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.64\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.798319327731093%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.478991596638654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (p\u0026lt;0.05) HSD\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e Means of main carcass components of Arsi-Bale lambs fed native grass as basal diet plus bamboo leaf supplementation in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCarcass parameters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSlaughter\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSBW (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.70\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.40\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.65\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.19\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.20\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.82\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n 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\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeck (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeg (Pelvic) (kg)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.88\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,0\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.18\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.94\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,03\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.98\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRack-Loin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTail (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOffal parts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiver (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKidney(kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLungs with trachea (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHead (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.49\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeet (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTestis (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;cd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;bc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P\u0026lt;0.0) using Tukey HSD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6\u003c/strong\u003e Summary of mean weight of main carcass components of indoor fed and grazed lambs statistically compared in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarcass parameters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndoor feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrazing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlaughter body weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.06\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmpty body weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.28\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHot carcass weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.37\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.83\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCold carcass weight (Kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.56\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDressing % EBW basis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDressing % SBW basis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCold carcass yield (CCY) %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRibeye muscle area cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.28\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.89\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDigestive tract content (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmpty digestive tract (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSide carcass cuts\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeck (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeg (Pelvic limb) (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.04\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.95\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRack-loin(kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTail fat (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.075\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOffal parts\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeart (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiver (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKidney (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLungs (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkin (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHead (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeet (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.755102040816325%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTestis (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.428571428571427%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.3265306122449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.183673469387756%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.306122448979592%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within rows having different superscripts are significantly different at (P\u0026lt;0.0) using HSD\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"trop","sideBox":"Learn more about [Tropical Animal Health and Production](https://www.springer.com/journal/11250)","snPcode":"11250","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11250/3","title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Area exclosures, bamboo leaf, indoor feeding, native grass, open grazing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe evaluate the effects of bamboo leaf supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield of Arsi-Bale lambs. Eight treatments were used with different levels of inclusions at 150 g (T2), 300 g (T3), and 450 g (T4) in both groups (i.e., indoor-fed vs. grazed in the field). T1 and T5 were control treatments for indoor-fed and those grazed in the field, respectively. A 2 x 4 factorial experiment was used with T1-T4 for indoor feeding and T5 -T8 for those grazed in the field. Carcass evaluation was carried out for all lambs. Feed analysis and evaluation of the nutritional quality of feed samples were examined. The results showed a significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) increase in the nutrient and dry matter (DM) intake and growth performance of lambs with increased levels of bamboo leaves supplementation. There was a significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) increase in the average daily gain of indoor-fed lambs from 33.33 to 62.67 g/day. The feed conversion efficiency of indoor-fed lambs was within the range of 0.057 to 0.084. The results confirmed that fresh bamboo leaf supplementation had a positive effect on the growth performance and carcass yields of lambs with improved DM intake. We suggest that the inclusion of fresh bamboo leaves is crucial to improve the performance of lambs. Increased inclusion of bamboo leaf supplementation in the lambs\u0026rsquo; diet resulted in improved body weight gain and would be a viable option to boost sheep production.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Supplementation effects of bamboo leaves on intake, growth performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed grasses as basal diets indoors versus under field conditions in Sidama Highland, Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-24 17:37:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4013342/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-05-24T08:21:12+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T10:37:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-30T03:03:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","date":"2024-04-29T04:34:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"trop","sideBox":"Learn more about [Tropical Animal Health and Production](https://www.springer.com/journal/11250)","snPcode":"11250","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11250/3","title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"26f056ad-b21e-4dd5-8924-f6cbf9c9742c","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 24th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-17T03:49:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-24 17:37:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4013342","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4013342","identity":"rs-4013342","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}