Late Quaternary variation in productivity and oxygen in the deep Central Indian Ocean based on benthic foraminiferal abundance and assemblages

Late Quaternary variation in productivity and oxygen in the deep Central Indian Ocean based on benthic foraminiferal abundance and assemblages | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Late Quaternary variation in productivity and oxygen in the deep Central Indian Ocean based on benthic foraminiferal abundance and assemblages Nisha Bharti, Ravi Bhushan, Mariyappan Muruganantham, Shivam Ajay, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The relative abundances of ecologically sensitive and dominant benthic foraminifera (> 150 µm) in a sediment core located near the southeastern boundary of the Laccadive Sea in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean were investigated to understand the deep-water conditions of the past 19 kyrs. Faunal analysis from 14 samples spanning the last 19 kyrs were done along with geochemical analysis of the sediment and stable isotope study of foraminifera. The investigation revealed variability in export productivity and changes in bottom water dissolved oxygen concentration primarily between the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), whereas the Bølling- Allerød warm event (14.7–12.9 cal kyr BP) acted as a turning point in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage. During the LGM, poorly oxygenated bottom water and high export productivity was apparent with the decreased density of species indicative of high dissolved oxygen and the dominance of species indicative of high organic carbon. Evidence of well oxygenated bottom water during the Holocene was observed with increased density of benthic foraminiferal species indicative of high dissolved oxygen. The insignificant density of the high organic carbon genus Uvigerina during the Holocene, instead of moderate food supply, infers sensitivity to the upper limit of dissolved oxygen or its increased competition with high dissolved oxygen species. This study contributes to the understanding of changes in the deep-water condition of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean during major climatic events of the last 19 kyrs and demonstrates that the deep sea benthic foraminiferal assemblages respond to regional as well as global climate. Paleoecology Foraminifera Abundance Equatorial Indian Ocean Late Quaternary Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. Introduction Benthic foraminifera are widespread and diverse in the marine environment and have a crucial role in the deep-sea food web as well as ocean carbon cycle (Bernhard 2000 ; Bernhard 1989 ; Gooday et al. 1992 ; Moodley et al. 1997 ). They play a pivotal role in paleoclimate and ocean circulation studies due to their fossilization potential (e.g., Kaiho, 1991 ; Mackensen et al., 2000 ; Moodley et al., 1998 ). Their distribution and diversity in the deep-sea environment are mainly controlled by deep water dissolved oxygen concentration and input of organic carbon to the deep sea (De and Gupta 2010 ; Gupta et al. 2006a ; Jorissen et al. 1995 ; Kaiho 1994 ; Sarkar and Gupta 2014 ). Other controlling factors such as quality of food supply, carbonate saturation depth, and bottom water chemistry are also dependent on deep sea dissolved oxygen and organic carbon input (Jorissen et al. 2007 ). The composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages therefore varies both as a function of space and time, as it is dependent on both locally as well as globally controlled processes, i.e., export productivity and deep-water oxygenation, respectively. Infaunal (usually with angular, asymmetrical, and elongated tests) and epifaunal (usually with rounded and symmetrical tests) communities of benthic foraminifera represent unique environmental conditions (Corliss 1985 ). The dominance of an infaunal community represents a high productivity and low oxygen environment, whereas the dominance of an epifaunal community represents a low productivity and high oxygen environment (Bharti et al. 2017 ; Corliss and Emerson 1990 ; Jorissen et al. 1995 ; Rathburn and Corliss 1994 ). Assemblage composition also varies based on bottom water dissolved oxygen and export productivity (Corliss 1979 ; de Almeida et al., 2015 ; De and Gupta 2010 ; Fariduddin and Loubere 1997 ; Gupta and Thomas 1999 ; Jorissen et al. 2007 ; Kaiho 1994 ). Moreover, in oligotrophic and well-oxygenated bottom water environments, an episodic flux of phytodetrital organic matter leads to colonization of certain opportunistic species, allowing inferences about the past seasonality of export productivity (Fariduddin and Loubere 1997 ; Lohrenz et al. 1992 ; Loubere 2003 ; Smart et al. 2007 ; Sun et al. 2006 ). Geochemical parameters such as organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (CaCO 3 %) act as supporting proxies for paleoproductivity (Punyu et al. 2014 ). The δ 13 C of benthic foraminifera can be utilised to understand changes in contributing water masses. For example, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is characterized by enriched δ 13 C (modern δ 13 C of DIC = 0.9–1.1‰) as compared to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW; modern δ 13 C of DIC = 0.5–0.7‰). Thus, the ecological sensitivity of benthic foraminifera, its stable carbon isotopic ratio and geochemical parameters can be used as indicators of paleo-productivity, paleo-bottom water oxygenation, and past seasonality of export productivity (Jorissen et al. 2007 ; Ravelo and Hillaire-Marcel 2007 ). In the deep ocean, nutrients and oxygen are mainly transported by thermohaline circulation and are governed by the rate of circulation and the contribution of the deep-water masses (i.e., NADW and AABW). Palaeoceanographic studies have provided evidence for a decrease in contribution of NADW in the deep water circulation, during the onset of Heinrich stadials and LGM (Duplessy et al. 1980 ; Sarnthein et al. 2003 ; Skinner et al. 2010 ). The carbon isotopic ratio of epibenthic foraminifera, which is indirectly dependent on the rate of the thermohaline circulation and ratio of contributing water masses, has been widely utilized to understand palaeoceanographic changes (Bharti et al.,2022; Curry & Oppo, 2005 ; Duplessy et al., 1980 ; Murgese & De Deckker, 2007 ). Many benthic foraminiferal assemblage studies in the Indian Ocean have revealed changes in the deep-sea environment led by deep-ocean circulation on a million-year time scale (i.e. Gupta & Thomas, 1999 ; Gupta et al., 2006b ). However, only a few studies have focused on millennial timescale changes (e.g. Murgese & De Deckker, 2005 ; Smart et al., 2010 ; Singh et al., 2015 ) though major global climatic events have occurred during the last 19 kyrs. In view of this, the present study attempts to understand past changes in the ecological condition of the deep Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (CEIO) during the last 18.9 kyrs encompassing the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Heinrich Stadial-1 (HS-1), the Bølling- Allerød (B-A) warming, the Younger Dryas (YD), the mid-Holocene and the Late Holocene, using benthic foraminiferal assemblage and abundance data, together with the stable carbon isotopic ratio of Cibicidoides spp. and geochemical analysis of the sediment. 2. Regional setting The Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (Fig. 1 a) is unique as it acts as a transition zone between the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and is influenced by both the summer and the winter monsoon (Tiwari et al. 2006 ; Tomczak and Godfrey 2003 ). However, maximum productivity in the CEIO is recorded during the SWM (Yadav et al., 2021). Strong Indian Ocean Equatorial Westerlies (IEW) prevail almost throughout the year, strengthening during the inter-monsoon season in the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and regulating the productivity of the CEIO (Beaufort 1997 ; Punyu et al. 2014 ; Sarkar and Gupta 2014 ). Productivity in the EIO is low compared to the Northern Indian Ocean (Kumar et al. 2016 ). The EIO productivity is also low compared to the Equatorial Atlantic and the Equatorial Pacific due to lack of equatorial upwelling in the EIO (Schott and McCreary 2001 ). The EIO is influenced by a seasonal reversal of wind and by the monsoonal strength of which changes during glacial and interglacial intervals (Chandana et al. 2018 ; Tiwari et al. 2006 ), which affects productivity. We investigated a sediment core from the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean drilled in an open ocean regime near the southeastern boundary of the Laccadive Sea (Fig. 1 a). The deep waters at the core location are ventilated by deep water masses sourced mainly from Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) that forms by mixing of high salinity NADW and marginally well oxygenated AABW in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region and can be traced at ~ 700–800 m above the lysocline (Kolla et al. 1976 ; Talley 2013 ). Based on GEOSECS dissolved oxygen data (Weiss, 1983) from the EIO (Fig. 1 b), deep-water at the core location is well oxygenated at present. 3. Materials and methods 3.1 Sampling The sediment core SS152/3828 (3.89° N, 78.06° E; water depth 3166m; core length 39 cm; Fig. 1 a) was collected using a gravity corer during cruise SS-152 onboard the Fisheries Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada (FORV Sagar Sampada ) in 1997. The core was sub-sampled at 1–2 cm intervals. The subsamples were taken in two aliquots. One partition was used for benthic foraminiferal assemblage study and another for geochemical and isotopic analysis. The aliquot for geochemical parameters was oven-dried at 85°C, crushed, and stored; the aliquot for the foraminiferal assemblage study was oven-dried at 55°C. 3.2 Benthic foraminifera extraction and counting The 14 samples for foraminiferal studies (5–20 g) were soaked overnight in Calgon solution, wet sieved through a 63 µm standard sieve to remove clay materials, and oven-dried at 55°C. The dried samples were sieved using 425, 250, and 150 µm standard sieves. Benthic foraminifera from > 150 µm size fraction were analyzed for abundance study. For counting we used a stereoscopic binocular microscope. Counting was done separately in two size fractions (> 250 µm and 150–250 µm). From the > 250 µm fraction, the whole bulk sample (yielding 140–570 specimens per sample) was investigated. From the 150–250 µm fraction, a 0.1–0.2 g aliquot corresponding to 4–6 g sediment weight (split using an Otto Microsplitter) was investigated, which yielded 90–250 specimens per sample. The weight of the sediment along with the number of specimens scanned in both size fractions at 14 depths can be found in Table 2. Abundances of both size fractions were normalized to 10 g of sediment for each size fraction and added together to get the abundance of the > 150 µm fraction per 10 g of sediment at each depth (Table 2). All available specimens were separated and identified to genus level following Loeblich & Tappan, (1988) and the World Register for Marine Species (Hayward et al. 2020 ). Taxonomic references of identified species can be found in Table 3. Species absolute abundance was converted into percentage data, referred to as relative abundance (RA). Benthic foraminiferal density was estimated based on the number of specimens per gram of sediment. Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate (BFAR) have been estimated based on the equation below (Herguera and Berger 1991 ): BFAR (number of specimens/cm 2 kyr - 1 ) = BF × LSR × DBD Here BF is benthic foraminifera number per gram of dry sediment, LSR means the linear sedimentation rate (cm/kyr), and DBD denotes the dry bulk density (g/cm 3 ) of the sediment. DBD have been calculated based on CaCO 3 % data of the present study using the following equation by (Clemens et al. 1987 ). DBD = 3.104 x 10 − 5 (%CaCO3) 2 + 2.176 × 10 − 3 (% CaCO3) + 0.430 3.3 Radiocarbon Dating Radiocarbon dating was done using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at PRL-AURiS facility (PRL-Accelerator Unit for Radioisotope Studies (Bhushan et al., 2019a ,b)). We picked 10–12 mg (equivalent to ~ 300–500 number of specimens) of the surface-dwelling planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (> 250 µm) in all but two samples (at 3.5 and 38.5 cm depths) where Globigerinoides sacculifer (> 250 µm) was included in order to obtain enough sample (Bharti et al.,2022). Foraminifer shells were crushed between glass plates and cleaned using a method similar to Barker et al. ( 2003 ), oven-dried and graphitized using a coupled system of Carbonate Handling System (CHS) attached with Automated Graphitization Unit (AGE-3). Graphitized samples, along with NBS Oxalic Acid-1 and NBS Oxalic Acid-2 standards, reference standard, and an anthracite blank, were analyzed using 1 MV AMS. Radiocarbon age was calculated using the standard method (Stuiver et al. 1998 ). AMS 14 C age was calibrated using the R package “Bchron” (Parnell et al. 2008 ) and MARINE20 Calibration curve (Heaton et al. 2020 ; Reimer et al. 2020 ; Stuiver and Polach 1977 ). A localized reservoir age correction (ΔR) of 98 ± 22 years was applied to account for deviations in the local mixed layer reservoir age compared to the global mean reservoir age (Dutta et al. 2001 ; Southon et al. 2002 ). 3.4 Stable Isotope and Geochemical Analysis Oxygen (δ 18 O) and carbon isotope analysis (δ 13 C) was performed on individual planktic foraminifera specimens of G. ruber (250–425 µm) and 5–10 specimens of C ibicidoides spp. (> 250 µm). Care was taken to pick medium size specimens (not too small or not too large) from the chosen fraction to avoid size related isotopic bias. Benthic foraminifera shells crushed in sample vial were soaked in 3% methanol solution for 30 minutes and the solution was removed carefully. After that, the sample was ultrasonicated in acetone and the supernatant was removed and kept for drying at 50°C. Carbon and oxygen isotopes were measured using a continuous flow Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Delta V Plus CF-IRMS) at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, India. Isotopic values of Vienna-Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB) standard have been used for referencing sample isotopic values. And NBS-18 standard was also run in between for quality check. Based on repeat measurement of a calcite standard, Makrana Marble (MMB), precision for δ 18 O was found to be ± 0.1‰ (1σ standard deviation. δ 13 C of C. wuellerstorfi from another sediment core (SK129-CR2; Fig. 1 a; Piotrowski et al., 2009) has also been compared here. Organic Carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N Tot ) were measured on 20–24 mg of decarbonated sediment, using a Thermo Fisher Elemental Analyzer (Flash 2000). Precision for N Tot and OC was always better than 6% and 4%, respectively (Bhushan et al. 2001 ). CaCO 3 % measurement was done in 5–10 mg of homogenized sediment, using a Coulometer (UIC Coulometer, Model 5012), and measurement was done for 27 depth intervals of the 39 cm long core. The precision of CaCO 3 % was always better than 3%. 4. Results 4.1 Age model and sedimentation rate Chronology of the core was established using AMS radiocarbon dating of G. ruber from 17 depths intervals and it can find in Bharti et al., ( 2022 ). The 39-cm core spans 18.9 kyrs. The chronology for the intermediate depths of the core (SS152/3828) where AMS radiocarbon measurements were not done, was calculated using interpolating established calendar ages, which spans 18900 cal BP. The sedimentation rate was estimated using linear interpolation of calibrated age at 17 depths. The 39-cm core yielded an average sedimentation rate of 2.6 cm kyr -1 with a minimum sedimentation rate of 1.1 cm kyr -1 during 18.9–18.0 ka and a maximum of 8.5 cm kyr -1 during 12.7–12.5 (Fig. 2 ). In the present study, we consider 2.1–10.0 ka to be the Holocene, 10.0-16.9 ka to be the Deglaciation, which also covers Younger Dryas (~ 11.6–12.9 ka) and Heinrich Stadial-1 (~ 15.6–17.8 ka), and 17.8–18.9 ka to be the LGM. 4.2 Geochemistry and Carbon, Oxygen Isotopic Ratio Geochemical parameters OC%, CaCO 3 %, and OC/N Tot were measured in surface sediments to understand the productivity and sediment provenance at the core location. OC ranged between 0.9% during 14.0-14.9 ka and 12.7 ka to 2.6% at 18.9 ka. While OC/N Tot varied between 8.1 at 4.1 ka to 11.2 at 18.9 ka (Fig. 3 ), indicating a marine source of sediment. Calcium carbonate ranged between 59.9% and 67.8% at 7.5 ka and 2.1 ka, respectively, indicating calcareous ooze as a major fraction of the sediment (Fig. 3 ). The early deglaciation and the LGM witnessed decreased CaCO 3 %. The average δ 18 O of G. ruber (Bharti et al. 2022 ) was − 1.9‰ varying between − 0.6 and − 2.8‰ during last 18.9 kyrs (Fig. 3 ). In the CEIO, the LGM has been marked clearly by enriched δ 18 O (-0.7‰) and the Holocene with depleted δ 18 O (-2.2‰). The δ 13 C values of epifaunal benthic foraminifera ( Cibicidoides spp.) varied between − 0.5‰ at 17.5 ka and 0.8‰ at 5.3 ka. All the stable isotope and geochemical data cab be found in the supplementary file. 4.3 Benthic foraminiferal assemblage and abundance variations Benthic foraminiferal assemblages, recorded from 14 depths, comprise 65 benthic foraminiferal species (Table 4) with significant variation in their relative abundances. Most of the 65 species were calcareo0us, and 10 species were agglutinated. The infaunal and the epifaunal group (Table 5) contained 43 and 22 species, respectively. The diversity in the benthic foraminifera ranged from 28 species at 12.7 ka to 39 species at 2.1 ka. Infaunal diversity also reached minima (15) and maxima (24) at the same time as benthic foraminiferal diversity. While epifaunal diversity reached its maxima (15) at the same time, it reached its minima (8) at 7.5 ka. The foraminifera density varied between 26–156 individuals per gram of sediment, with the lowest at 8.2 ka and the highest at 18.9 ka (Fig. 3 ). BFAR varied between 16 n.cm -2 kyr -1 at 14 ka and 175 n.cm -2 kyr -1 at 18.9 ka. Infaunal density was at a minimum (45%) at 4.1 ka and maximum (68%) at 18.9 ka. A total of nine species have been identified as dominant members in the CEIO, based on their abundance of more than 10% in at least one sample (Table 1 ). These species are Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi , Epistominella exigua , ( E. exigua ) Globocassidulina subglobosa , Melonis barleeanum , Oridorsalis umbonatus , Uvigerina hispida , U. peregrina , U. proboscidea and Uvigerina pygmaea . A total of 19 species had a minimum of 5% abundance in at least one sample, awhile 30 species a minimum abundance of 3% abundance in at least one sample. Faunal density and BFAR data has been provided in the supplementary file. 5. Discussion 5.1 Dominant benthic foraminiferal assemblage and its preferred environment Substantial variation is observed in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages for the last 18.9 kyrs. The Central Indian Ocean witnessed the dominance of Uvigerina spp., E. exigua , and C. wuellerstorfi during the LGM, with Uvigerina spp. being the most dominant species. During HS-1, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage was dominated by Uvigerina spp., O. umbonatus , E. exigua , C. wuellerstorfi as well as M. barleeanum , with a predominance of U. hispida. The Holocene assemblages were dominated by G. subglobosa , O. umbonatus, M. barleeanum , C. wuellerstorfi and E. exigua , with a predominance of G. subglobosa , in general. Among the dominant species, C. wuellerstorfi is known to dwell in all conditions of deep basins but is often found in high oxygen and low OC environments (Corliss 1985 ; Jorissen et al. 2007 ; Murgese and De Deckker 2007 ). Epistominella exigua is a marker species of seasonal flux or pulsed organic carbon (Ernst and Zwaan 2004 ; Gooday and Rathburn 1999 ; Hayward et al. 2013 ). Globocassidulina subglobosa dwells in low organic carbon flux environments with well oxygenated bottom water conditions and may also indicate pulsed organic matter (Gooday 1993 ; Gupta and Thomas 1999 ; Loubere 1998 ; Loubere and Fariduddin 2003 ; Schmiedl et al. 1997 ). Melonis barleeanum is known to be a deep infaunal species, an indicator of refractory organic matter, mesotrophic condition, and intermediate organic flux, and it is also linked to intermediate to high seasonality in the Indian Ocean (Drinia and Anastasakis 2012 ; Fontanier et al. 2002 ). Oridorsalis umbonatus is an indicator of well oxygenated water with oligotrophic conditions (Gupta and Thomas 2003 ; Miao and Thunell 1993 ; Singh and Gupta 2010 ). Uvigerina spp. mostly indicate high amounts of food availability or increased export productivity (Hayward et al. 2013 ). Uvigerina proboscidea dwells mostly in intermediate to high levels of productivity and can survive in variable oxygenation (Gupta et al. 2006b ; Lutze and Coulbourn 1984 ; Raj et al. 2009 ; Smart et al. 1994 ). Uvigerina peregrina domination suggest oxygen minimum zone and high productivity environments (De and Gupta 2010 ). This species has also been suggested to be tolerant to low quality food supply, and hence it can also act as an indicator of increased seasonal food supply (e.g., Fontanier et al., 2003; Koho et al., 2008 and Theodor et al., 2016). The dominant faunal composition in the CEIO for the last 18.9 kyrs shows remarkable change in the deep-sea environment. 5.2 Benthic Faunal Groups as Paleoenvironmental Indicators In addition to identifying the dominant assemblage group, we grouped the benthic foraminifera species to understand changes in deep water oxygenation, export productivity, and phytodetrital input. Based on the understanding of preferred microhabitat of the benthic foraminiferal species (with the relative abundance of ≥ 5%), three groups were defined: a high dissolved oxygen group to study the variability in bottom water oxygenation, a high organic carbon group to study the variability in paleoproductivity, and a phytodetrital sensitive group to study the seasonality of export productivity. 5.3 Bottom water oxygenation variability Based on the preferred environments of the dominant benthic foraminifera species, we compared the relative abundance of C. wuellerstorfi , Cibicidoides spp., G. subglobosa , O. umbonatus , and L. pauperata over the last 18.9 kyrs to reconstruct deep-sea oxygenation (Fig. 4 ). Pyrgo murrhina and L. pauperata are well known oxic indicators (Gupta and Thomas 2003 ; Kaiho 1994 ; Murgese and De Deckker 2005 ) and have been compared along with other dominant dissolved oxygen sensitive species in Fig. 4 . Relative abundances of P. murrhina, Pyrgo spp., O. umbonatus were very low, with almost zero abundances of G. subglobosa and L. pauperata during the LGM as well as the HS-1, compared to the Holocene. All these species are known to dwell in well oxygenated conditions (refer section 3.4.1). This means LGM was dominated by low oxygen waters. However, C. wuellerstorfi shows a minor increase in abundance during the LGM compared to the Holocene. During the YD, the abundance of all the dissolved oxygen sensitive species was comparatively medium to high. The Holocene had considerably high abundances of all the dissolved oxygen sensitive species throughout (Fig. 4 ). The most striking peak of the benthic foraminifera abundance was found at 7.5 ka, with the highest abundances during the last 18.9 kyrs of Pyrgo spp., P. murrhina, O. umbonatus with a sudden decrease in the abundance of G. subglobosa, L. pauperata, Cibicidoides spp. as well as minimum abundance of C. wuellerstorfi . Interestingly, 7.5 ka coincides with a sudden decrease in the BFAR, as well as foraminiferal and infaunal density (Fig. 3 ). This indicates major and sudden changes in the oxygenation of the deep water ventilating the core location during this period. Exceptionally low ventilation age was also found at 7.5 ka in the CEIO and SB0B paleo-ventilation age record of (Bharti et al. 2022 ), which suggests the intrusion of a comparatively well-ventilated water mass at 7.5 ka and hence a well oxygenated deep-sea environment. 5.4 Paleo-productivity variability in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean Based on the dominant benthic foraminiferal species responses to high organic carbon discussed in section 3.4.1, we compared M. barleeanum, Melonis spp., U. hispida, U. peregrina, U. proboscidea , and Uvigerina spp. in order to reconstruct past productivity and food supply in the CEIO (Fig. 5 ). Among these species, Uvigerina spp. is the dominant shallow infaunal species in Indian Deep Water (Corliss 1978 ) and a predominantly high productivity taxa (Smart et al. 2010 ). It has been an indicator of with high organic carbon (Lutze 1980 ; Lutze and Coulbourn 1984 ). Uvigerina spp. abundance shows large variability for the last 18.9 kyrs in the CEIO, ranging between 44% during the LGM to 0% during 2.1–7.5 ka. Uvigerina hispida and U. peregrina showed high abundance during the LGM with the highest abundance peak of U. proboscidea , during HS-1. Melonis barleeanum was slightly depleted during the LGM in comparison to the Holocene. The depletion of M. barleeanum which is a high organic carbon and low oxygen lower bathyal to abyssal species, suggests better oxygenation during the LGM. The abundance of Uvigerina spp. suddenly decreased during the B-A event and again increased during the YD. During the Early to mid-Holocene, a minimal abundance of the Uvigerina spp. was observed, which decreased to 0% during the late Holocene. However, the abundance of Melonis spp. only changed from lower value during the glaciation to intermediate value during the Holocene. Similar to the dissolved oxygen sensitive species in Fig. 4 , all the productivity sensitive species (Fig. 5 ) also witnessed a peak at 7.5 ka. All the high productivity species showed a dip in abundance at the same time. Though a slightly decreased abundance of high productivity species may suggest decreased food supply at 7.5 ka, the organic carbon data show a minor increase in the productivity compared to the trend. Near zero abundance of Uvigerina spp. during the late Holocene with moderately high food supply at 7.5 ka suggests control by other factors as well. Melonis barleeanum , a deep infaunal species that is related to high food supply (De and Gupta 2010 ) and feeds on laterally advected refractory organic matter is sensitive to the quality of the food as well. Hence, it cannot be directly used as a productivity indicator (Goldstein and Corliss 1994 ). 5.5 Seasonality of export productivity variability Certain species have been identified as suspension feeders. They are not very specific to food type and colonize during episodic flux of organic matter. They have been grouped under phytodetrital sensitive species to observe the variability in seasonality (Fig. 6 ). Epistominella exigua showed substantial variation in its density from minima (3%) at 8.2 ka and 6.2 ka to maxima (10.9%) at 15.8 ka. This species was abundant during the LGM and HS-1 and least abundant during the early to the mid-Holocene. Melonis barleeanum varied similarly as E. exigua for the last 14 kyrs. It has a low abundance during the Glaciation-interglaciation termination (16–18 ka), in contrast to E. exigua , suggesting unavailability of refractory organic matter during that time (Gupta 1999 ). Pyrgo murrhina varied inversely to E. exigua , in general, having minimum density among other seasonality sensitive species with its abundance at a minimum during HS-1. Uvigerina peregrina also showed increased abundance during the LGM and HS-1 similar to E. exigua , indicating increased seasonality of food supply. Considering E. exigua as well-known indicator of episodic organic flux (Gupta and Srinivasan 1992 ; Raj et al. 2009 ; Smart et al. 1994 ), it is inferred that phytodetrital input was enhanced during ~ 18.9 to 14 ka as well as during the late Holocene. Enhanced seasonality was also observed in the Southern Indian Ocean, during the same time interval by (Smart et al. 2010 ). Considering E. exigua as the base indicator of seasonality, it could be inferred that M. barleeanum and U. peregrina abundance in some way are positively related to seasonality, whereas P. murrhina abundance varied opposite to the seasonality trend. Additionally, the abundance trends of C. wuellerstorfi and L. pauperata do not seem to be related to seasonality in the CIO basin. Similar to the species of the dissolved oxygen sensitive group (Fig. 4 ) and productivity sensitive species (Fig. 5 ), the phytodetrital sensitive species also showed a peak at 7.5 ka (Fig. 6 ). While P. murrhina showed maximum at that time, E. exigua had a short-lived local maximum at that time, corroborating the minimum value of other species in the seasonality sensitive group. The interval 7.5 ka also had enriched δ 13 C of G. ruber , which suggests enhanced overhead productivity (Devendra et al. 2019 ; Penaud et al. 2010 ) as well as a minor and sudden increase in the linear sedimentation rate. 6. Paleo Environment of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean for the last 18.9 kyrs Inferences based on the benthic foraminiferal assemblage, stable carbon isotopic records, and productivity parameters suggest remarkable variability in the deep water environment for the last 18.9 kyrs. During the late LGM, the relatively higher abundance of Uvigerina spp. along with high OC suggests increased export productivity. The deep waters were poorly oxygenated, as suggested by the comparatively low abundance of all the high dissolved oxygen requiring taxa, except Cibicidoides spp. However, CaCO 3 variability does not suggest increased overhead productivity during the LGM (Fig. 3 ). Hence, the high export productivity in the CEIO during the LGM was due to the high preservation of the sediment, supported by poorly oxygenated bottom water, as is also evident in the depleted δ 13 C of C. wuellerstorfi (Fig. 4 ). The increased productivity in the EIO during the LGM has also been noticed by Punyu et al. ( 2014 ) and Devendra et al. ( 2019 ). HS-1 showed low benthic δ 13 C and a maxima of two dominant and important species, U. proboscidea (Fig. 5 ), which can survive in variable oxygenation conditions (Lutze and Coulbourn 1984 ) and E. exigua , an opportunistic species (Loubere 1998 ). The sustained low abundance of high dissolved oxygen sensitive species suggests poor ventilation. Despite a good preservation environment led by poor ventilation, the food supply to the bottom was minimal, which further suggests low overhead productivity as well as poor bottom water ventilation, supporting the dominance of opportunistic species such as E. exigua as well as U. proboscidea surviving in variable oxygen. The poor ventilation in the Central Indian Ocean basin during HS-1 was also found in the ventilation age reconstruction of the Indian Ocean by (Bharti et al. 2022 ). Poor ventilation probably resulted from the decreased formation of NADW (Adkins et al. 1998 ; Sarnthein et al. 2003 ; Sikes et al. 2016 ). Furthermore, low BFAR, as well as low foraminiferal density during HS-1, suggest stressed conditions for the benthic fauna. The B-A warm period coincided with the lowest BFAR, low planktic δ 13 C, low sedimentation rate, minimal OC as well as CaCO 3 , accompanied with a decreased abundance of Uvigerina spp. This suggests low overhead productivity and a stressed conditions during the B-A warming period. Low benthic δ 13 C and slightly increased abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species compared to the LGM suggests moderate deep water oxygenation compared to the LGM and HS-1. The YD was the period of the highest sedimentation rate, increased calcareous production with low export productivity, and low benthic foraminifera density. Uvigerina spp. were also less abundant, while the abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species was moderate. This suggests a moderate oxygenation environment during the YD. The infaunal density in the CEIO during the Holocene remained always low compared to the LGM and HS-1. The early period of the Holocene witnessed low BFAR, low foraminiferal density, increased benthic δ 13 C, increasing OC, high CaCO 3 , increased planktic δ 13 C as well as moderate abundance of Uvigerina spp. This suggests moderate and increasing productivity towards the mid-Holocene. High abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species suggests a well oxygenated environment. The peak observed in all species during the mid-Holocene indicates a sudden change in the deep-water condition focused at 7.5 ka. The abundance of the dissolved oxygen sensitive species (i.e., L. pauperata , Pyrgo spp., and O. umbonatus ) was high at 7.5 ka except for G. subglobosa and L. pauperata. The last two species has shown opportunistic behavior in the Indian Ocean (Gooday 1994 ; Gupta and Thomas 1999 ; Jorissen et al. 2007 ). This suggests a well oxygenation condition of the deep CEIO at 7.5 ka along with moderate productivity. The late Holocene was led by increased calcareous as well as organic productivity with slightly increased BFAR and foraminiferal density. This suggests increased export productivity as well as overhead productivity during the late Holocene. On the contrary, a negligible abundance of Uvigerina spp. at that time suggest low food supply. While sedimentation rate was low during this time, it is indicative of a low burial rate. The abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species was moderate to high during the late Holocene along with enriched δ 13 C, suggesting well oxygenated deep water in the CEIO. 7. Conclusions This study based on the foraminiferal assemblage, stable isotopic composition, and geochemical parameters attests to the widely accepted consensus that the assemblage of benthic foraminifera is governed by bottom water oxygenation as well as productivity. The negligible abundance of Uvigerina spp. during the Holocene, despite moderate food supply, suggests the possibility of its sensitivity to the upper limit of dissolved oxygen and/or interspecies competition. The present study also confirms poor ventilation of bottom water in the CEIO during the LGM as well as during HS-1, as supported by earlier studies (Bharti et al. 2022; Chandana et al. 2017) along with the carbon isotopic record of the benthic foraminifera (Ahmad et al. 2008; Ahmad et al. 2012) . However, this study contradicts the hypothesis of increased overhead productivity in the CEIO during LGM (Piotrowski et al., 2009; Punyu et al., 2014). Instead it indicates increased export productivity caused by better preservation of OC and suggests less likelihood of increased overhead productivity. Declarations Author contributions: Nisha Bharti: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft. Mariyappan Muruganantham: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing. Ravi Bhushan: Supervision, Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Manuscript review & editing. Shivam Ajay: Formal analysis. Naveen Gandhi: Manuscript review & editing. Partha Sarathi Jena : Visualization. Data availability: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files]. Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgments: We thanks to the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) for providing the scientific cruise. The authors also thank Captain, participants, and all crew of the FORV Sagar Samapda Cruise SS-152 for their contribution during the cruise and sampling. 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Corliss, 1985 ; Jorissen et al., 2007 ; Murgese & Deckker, 2005 2 Epistominella exigua Marker species of seasonal flux / pulsed organic carbon Ernst & Zwaan, 2004 ; Gooday & Rathburn, 1999 ; Hayward et al., 2013 3 Globocassidulina subglobosa Low organic carbon flux, low productivity, with well oxygenated bottom water conditions, and also pulsed organic matter Gooday, 1993 ; Gupta & Thomas, 2003 ; Loubere, 1998 ; Laubere & Fariduddin,1999; Schmiedl et al., 1997 4 Melonis barleeanum Indicator of refractory organic matter, mesotrophic condition, intermediate organic flux & also linked with intermediate to high seasonality in the Indian Ocean. Drinia & Anastasakis, 2012 ; Fontanier et al., 2002 5 Oridorsalis umbonatus Indicator of well oxygenated water with oligotrophic conditions Gupta & Thomas, 2003 ; Miao & Thunell, 1993 ; Singh & Gupta, 2010 6 Uvigerina peregrina High productivity environment, OMZ species Gupta & Srinivasan, 1992 ; Hayward et al., 2013 ; Murgese & Deckker, 2007 7 Uvigerina proboscidea Intermediate to a high productivity environment. Gupta & Srinivasan, 1992 ; Raj et al., 2009 ; Smart et al., 1994 . 8 Uvigerina hispida High productivity environment Hayward et al., 2013 9 Uvigerina sp.1 High productivity environment Hayward et al., 2013 Table 2: Details of the sediment weight taken to analyze two size fractions and the corresponding number of specimens identified at 14 depths. Samples from seven depth were scanned in >150 µm fraction at once. Hence there are no separate counts for different size fractions for these depths and the corresponding grid has been left blank. Depth (cm) Sediment weight scanned for 150-250 µm fraction (g) Number of specimens scanned in 150-250 µm fraction Sediment weight scanned for >250 µm fraction (g) Number of specimens scanned in >250 µm fraction Total no of specimen counted in >150 µm fraction 3-4 4.9 144 13.8 269 413 6-7 5.4 5.4 167 11-12 8.1 8.1 272 16-17 4.6 100 18 143 243 17-18 6.2 6.2 160 22-24 5.2 91 19 300 391 26-27 9.4 9.4 400 28-29 4 121 20.9 156 277 29-30 8.7 8.7 349 31-33 6.9 6.9 370 33-35 5.4 225 20 320 545 35-36 5.2 5.2 431 37-38 5.6 383 5.6 383 766 38-39 5.7 245 5.4 572 817 Table 3: Taxonomic reference list of identified benthic foraminifera. Astacolus bradyii (Cushman, 1917) Cassidelina complanata (Egger, 1893) Chilostomella oolina (Schwager, 1878) Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) Cribrostomoides subglobosus (Cushman, 1910) Eggerella bradyi (Cushman, 1911) Epistominella exigua (Brady, 1884) Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady, 1881) Gyroidinoides soldanii (d’Orbigny, 1826) Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny, 1826) Laevidentalina mucronata (Neugeboren, 1856) Lagena hispidula (Cushman, 1913) Lagena laevicostata (Cushman & Gray, 1946) Lagena striata (d’Orbigny, 1839) Laticarinina pauperata (Parker & Jones, 1865) Marginulina obesa (Cushman, 1923) Melonis barleeanum (Williamson, 1858) Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss, 1851) Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny, 1846) Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager, 1866) Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus, 1758) Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri, 1904) Sphaeroidina bulloides (d'Orbigny, 1828) Uvigerina peregrina (Cushman, 1923) Uvigerina proboscidea (Schwager, 1866) Table 4: Absolute abundances of benthic foraminifera species (>150µm) in the core SS152/3828 at different climatic intervals (ka=kilo years before present). Note, the absolute abundance is the abundance of benthic foraminifera normalized for 10 g of sediment, where sediment weight varied between ~5-20 g at six depths. Depth (cm) vs Benthic foraminifera species 3-4 6-7 11-12 16-17 17-18 22-24 26-27 28-29 29-30 31-33 33-35 35-36 37-38 38-39 Ammodiscus planorbis 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodiscus tenuis 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Astacolus brady 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Astacolus sp.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Astacolus sp.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 Bathysiphon sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Cassidelina complanate 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 Cassidelina sp. 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 4 0 0 0 2 Cerebrina sp. 2 0 0 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 4 Chilostomella oolina 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 1 0 16 16 Cibicidoides kullenbergi 4 5 0 5 0 2 0 22 0 0 27 0 0 15 Cibicidoides brady 8 15 8 0 8 20 19 4 13 10 4 4 0 0 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 36 23 27 10 27 29 43 34 28 54 31 79 66 114 Cribrostomoides bradyi 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cycloforina sp. 14 11 8 9 8 4 13 5 10 4 5 8 11 10 Cyclammina sp. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eggerella bradyi 7 2 11 19 11 1 15 16 11 20 30 19 21 59 Epistominella exigua 37 17 8 12 8 14 23 24 30 46 67 79 61 153 Favulina hexagona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Lagenosolenia sp.1 2 2 2 6 2 10 0 10 8 1 19 15 4 31 Lagenosolenia s p.2 16 0 0 10 0 2 5 6 0 0 8 0 9 22 Fissurina sp.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fursenkoina pauciloculata 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Globocassidulina subglobosa 70 31 35 25 35 17 27 0 28 13 18 19 14 30 Gyroidinoides soldanii 23 11 6 0 6 6 13 10 11 14 20 35 21 44 Gyroidinoides lamarkiana 0 0 10 0 10 0 5 0 10 0 12 25 13 0 Haplophragmoides sp. 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hoeglundina elegans 18 2 2 0 2 19 5 0 1 0 8 6 0 9 Hyalinonetrion elongate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Laevidentalina sp. 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 Laevidentalina mucronate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lagena hispida 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lagena cf. Lagena laevicoastata 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lagena sp.1 0 6 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 2 Lagena sp.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lagena sp.3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lagena striata 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 Laticarinina pauperata 17 28 10 6 10 20 10 8 8 1 1 0 0 0 Lenticulina sp. 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Marginulina obesa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Melonis barleeanum 54 21 11 2 11 22 21 30 9 23 56 12 9 74 Melonis pompilloides 0 9 5 3 5 4 9 11 21 26 0 44 21 18 Melonis affinis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oolina sp. 15 2 5 6 5 0 3 4 3 3 12 8 7 4 Oridorsalis umbonatus 48 27 19 61 19 32 37 28 24 33 41 44 32 72 Parafissurina marginate 0 11 8 1 8 1 11 5 10 10 2 27 11 4 Polymorphina sp. 12 9 6 8 6 14 0 6 0 1 14 0 4 0 Psammosphera s p. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pullenia quinqueloba 10 15 13 12 13 0 20 6 14 23 12 15 14 18 Pullenia bulloides 29 20 5 9 5 21 21 18 16 22 21 29 30 41 Pygmaeoseistron hispidula 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Pygmaeoseistron sp.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyrgo murrhina 17 17 16 19 16 12 16 8 10 14 21 15 18 62 Pyrgo leavis 7 15 0 4 0 11 14 12 14 20 3 19 23 10 Quinqueloculina sp. 0 6 6 0 6 2 5 0 0 12 2 0 7 0 Quinqueloculina seminula 1 2 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 6 Recurvoides sp. 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergerella 1 4 0 1 0 0 4 0 1 3 1 10 4 0 Sphaeroidinella bulloides 8 6 3 12 3 8 14 14 14 9 0 6 0 24 Textularia earlandi 3 6 0 16 0 18 4 4 7 9 6 10 11 13 Uvigerina hispida 0 0 10 0 10 0 38 0 57 125 0 229 191 380 Uvigerina peregrina 0 0 5 4 5 8 0 15 0 10 37 42 34 27 Uvigerina proboscidea 0 2 6 2 6 10 0 0 10 7 70 19 20 0 Uvigerina pygmaea 0 4 6 8 6 10 20 10 18 6 11 0 0 122 Euuvigerina auberiana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 48 Total 480 336 258 284 258 344 426 321 401 536 619 829 684 1449 Table 5: Species identified in the present study and the respective microhabitat based on earlier studies. S. N. Species Microhabitat Preference References 1 Ammodiscus planorbis Epifauna (Kaminski et al., 1988; Reolid et al., 2008) 2 Ammodiscus tenuis Epifauna (Kaminski et al., 1988; Reolid et al., 2008) 3 Astacolus brady Shallow Infauna (Reolid et al., 2008) 4 Astacolus sp.1 Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 5 Astacolus sp.2 Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 6 Bathysiphon sp. Sessile Epifauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 7 Cassidelina complanate Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 8 Cassidelina sp. Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 9 Chilostomella oolina Deep Infauna (Corliss and Emerson, 1990; Mackensen et al., 1995; Hayward et al., 2010) 10 Cibicidoides kullenbergi Epifauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 11 Cibicidoides brady Epifauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 12 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi Epifauna (Corliss, 1985; Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993) 13 Cribrostomoides bradyi Deeper Infauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988) 14 Cyclammina sp. Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 15 Eggerella bradyi Shallow Infauna (Kuhnt et al., 2000) 16 Epistominella exigua Epifauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993; Smart et al., 1994) 17 Favulina hexagona Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 18 Lagenosolenia sp.1 Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 19 Lagenosolenia sp.2 Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 20 Fursenkoina pauciloculata Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 21 Globocassidulina subglobosa Shallow Infauna (Gooday, 1993; Mackensen et al., 1995; Hayward et al., 2010) 22 Gyroidinoides soldanii Epifauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988; Hayward et al., 2010) 23 Gyroidinoides lamarkiana Epifauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 24 Haplophragmoides sp. Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 25 Hoeglundina elegans Epifauna (Corliss, 1985) 26 Laevidentalina sp. Shallow to Deep Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 27 Laevidentalina mucronate Shallow to Deep Infauna (Reolid et al., 2008) 28 Lagena hispidula Shallow infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 29 Lagena cf. Lagena laevicoastata Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 30 Lagena sp.1 Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 31 Lagena sp.2 Shallow infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 32 Lagena sp.3 Shallow infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 33 Lagena striata Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 34 Laticarinina pauperata Epifauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 35 Lenticulina sp. Epifauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 36 Melonis barleeanum Deep Infauna (Mackensen et al., 1995) 37 Melonis pompilioides Deep Infauna (Mackensen et al., 1995) 38 Melonis affinis Deep Infauna (Mackensen et al., 1995) 39 Oolina sp. Shallow Infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 40 Oridorsalis umbonatus Epifauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993) 41 Parafissurina marginata Shallow Infauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988) 42 Psammosphera sp. Shallow infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 43 Pullenia quinqueloba Shallow Infauna (Mackensen et al., 1995) 44 Pullenia bulloides Shallow Infauna (Mackensen et al., 1995) 45 Pyrgo murrhina Epifauna (Corliss and Chen, 1988; Hayward et al., 2010) 46 Pyrgo leavis Epifauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 47 Quinqueloculina sp. Epifauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 48 Quinqueloculina seminulum Epifauna (Reolid et al., 2008) 49 Recurvoides sp. Shallow to deep infauna Loeblich & Tappan, (1987) 50 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri Deeper Infauna (Kuhnt et al., 2000) 51 Sphaeroidina bulloides Shallow Infauna (Hayward et al., 2010) 52 Textularia earlandi Shallow to Deep infauna (Reolid et al., 2008) 53 Uvigerina peregrina Shallow Infauna (Corliss and Emerson, 1990) 54 Uvigerina proboscidea Shallow Infauna (Corliss and Emerson, 1990) Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6014320","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":414717437,"identity":"04915797-09d5-4f8c-a94a-fd31adfc9513","order_by":0,"name":"Nisha Bharti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nisha","middleName":"","lastName":"Bharti","suffix":""},{"id":414718536,"identity":"d3861301-27fe-4509-b453-fb45fecb588d","order_by":1,"name":"Ravi Bhushan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCR4GBsYGBgZ+9uYDIK4M8Voke44lQLnEajG4kWMA4hPWYj6795jkzx12eZI9Zz6/ulFjwcPAfvjoBnxaZO6cS5PmPZNczM/eu8065xjQUp60tBt43SWRYybN2MacOLPn7DbjHDagFgkeM4JaJH+21SduuJHzzDjnH5FaJHjbDoO0MD/ObSNGi8wZY2vetuNAhx0zY87tk+BhI+gX6R7Dmz/bqhP72Zsff875VifHz374GF4tyIBNAkwSqxwEmD+QonoUjIJRMApGDgAALtZHgx0onCwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ravi","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhushan","suffix":""},{"id":414718537,"identity":"cbe2e179-a2b8-4a38-b403-7f88cd3cd9d2","order_by":2,"name":"Mariyappan Muruganantham","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariyappan","middleName":"","lastName":"Muruganantham","suffix":""},{"id":414718538,"identity":"d715bd10-a695-49be-9024-3710c8e2e371","order_by":3,"name":"Shivam Ajay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shivam","middleName":"","lastName":"Ajay","suffix":""},{"id":414718539,"identity":"b6802432-3f86-4f90-bf4e-f801fd13c946","order_by":4,"name":"Naveen Gandhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naveen","middleName":"","lastName":"Gandhi","suffix":""},{"id":414718540,"identity":"5d7b3ec6-28c8-4382-a8a7-ff62bc1683f2","order_by":5,"name":"Partha Sarathi Jena","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Partha","middleName":"Sarathi","lastName":"Jena","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-12 10:34:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76719052,"identity":"80d1290d-4cb1-4299-8828-600e8230f4af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:17:35","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":305278,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(Colored): (a) Sediment core location in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean. SS152/3828 in blue dot (3.8°N, 78.1°E; Core length~39 cm, 3166 m) and SK129-CR2 in red dot (3°N, 76°E, 3800 m; (Piotrowski et al., 2009). The blue arrow marks the flow of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water at the core location and black arrows shows the surface currents in the study region (b) Vertical profile of dissolved oxygen in CEIO using GEOSECS 1978 and TARA ocean expedition data (Picheral et al.,2014).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/1583f4c619a4258f828c238f.png"},{"id":76718747,"identity":"bef0d31a-e5a8-4464-94fb-dda58f5041a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:09:35","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":166795,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAge-depth plot of the core SS152/3828 based on AMS radiocarbon calendar age (Bharti et al., 2022) showing sedimentation rates. The filled circles mark the calendar age for 39 cm core (SS152/3828). The topmost part of the core at 3.5 cm corresponds to 2.1 ka, whereas the bottommost part corresponds to 18.9 ka. Sedimentation rates have been calculated assuming linear sedimentation rate between two radiocarbon-dated intervals.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/7b70cde70a25c8c06b403c2b.png"},{"id":76720239,"identity":"9f08340a-0db3-4f09-8ae7-a7bdceceface","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:25:35","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":298065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(Colored): Variation in geochemical, isotopic, and benthic foraminiferal assemblage parameters: a) downcore variation in δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO\u003csub\u003eGlobigerinoides ruber\u003c/sub\u003e (δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO\u003csub\u003eruber\u003c/sub\u003e), b) C/N, c) CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, d) OC%, e) δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e, f) Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate (BFAR), g) Benthic Foraminifera density, and h) Infaunal density in the core SS152/3828. Grey curve marks δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of the core SK129-CR2 (Piotrowski et al., 2009). The light blue bands represent cold periods and the light red bands represent warm periods.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/184b2f323873cbe0e678d917.png"},{"id":76718750,"identity":"c0b7c8f8-5390-486f-935b-33fd5e1a674d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:09:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":275596,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(Colored): Relative abundance of foraminifera species dwelling in high dissolved oxygen conditions and δ13C of C. wuellerstorfi. X-axis is calendar age in terms of kilo years before present (ka). Along Y-Axis, (a) δ13C of C. wuellerstorfi in SS152/3828 and SK129-CR2 (3°N, 76°E, 3800m, (Piotrowski et al., 2009)). (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) are relative abundances of species known to be sensitive to bottom water dissolved oxygen.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/f23f996dd1fddb6296dd4d67.png"},{"id":76718756,"identity":"2826e9eb-36c5-44ba-bb1c-df5ea29ccbe5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:09:35","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":196227,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(Colored): Plot of paleo-productivity parameters: X-axis is calendar age in kilo years before present. Y-axis represents (a) Organic Carbon (%). (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) are relative abundances of \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMelonis\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eU. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eU. hispida\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eU. peregrina\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp., respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/3bc98845ef45d891ca6f160e.png"},{"id":76718755,"identity":"8fefa0af-02fd-4c2a-a1a2-480aaff961d8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:09:35","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":374946,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(Colored): Downcore variation in seasonality parameters: (a) Linear sedimentation rate (LSR), (b) δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of \u003cem\u003eGlobigerinoides ruber\u003c/em\u003e. (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) are relative abundance of phytodetrital sensitive benthic foraminifera species, \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eP. murrhina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eU. peregrina\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/52f1317877b3b76f348396c9.png"},{"id":76720516,"identity":"1f35abae-791d-4b1e-9a5e-091b2a77bb8c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:33:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3704588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/dd9789b6-d360-46dd-b404-14e0b69cd566.pdf"},{"id":76718745,"identity":"d156f103-0e99-4fb1-81b9-5075081c08dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-20 04:09:35","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":36604,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Bhartietal12022025OSJSupplementaryData.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6014320/v1/62773d44f4e6e683d0189100.docx"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLate Quaternary variation in productivity and oxygen in the deep Central Indian Ocean based on benthic foraminiferal abundance and assemblages\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eBenthic foraminifera are widespread and diverse in the marine environment and have a crucial role in the deep-sea food web as well as ocean carbon cycle (Bernhard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e; Bernhard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e; Gooday et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e; Moodley et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e). They play a pivotal role in paleoclimate and ocean circulation studies due to their fossilization potential (e.g., Kaiho, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e; Mackensen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e; Moodley et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). Their distribution and diversity in the deep-sea environment are mainly controlled by deep water dissolved oxygen concentration and input of organic carbon to the deep sea (De and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006a\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e; Kaiho \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Sarkar and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Other controlling factors such as quality of food supply, carbonate saturation depth, and bottom water chemistry are also dependent on deep sea dissolved oxygen and organic carbon input (Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). The composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages therefore varies both as a function of space and time, as it is dependent on both locally as well as globally controlled processes, i.e., export productivity and deep-water oxygenation, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfaunal (usually with angular, asymmetrical, and elongated tests) and epifaunal (usually with rounded and symmetrical tests) communities of benthic foraminifera represent unique environmental conditions (Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1985\u003c/span\u003e). The dominance of an infaunal community represents a high productivity and low oxygen environment, whereas the dominance of an epifaunal community represents a low productivity and high oxygen environment (Bharti et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Corliss and Emerson \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e; Rathburn and Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e). Assemblage composition also varies based on bottom water dissolved oxygen and export productivity (Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1979\u003c/span\u003e; de Almeida et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; De and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Fariduddin and Loubere \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta and Thomas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Kaiho \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, in oligotrophic and well-oxygenated bottom water environments, an episodic flux of phytodetrital organic matter leads to colonization of certain opportunistic species, allowing inferences about the past seasonality of export productivity (Fariduddin and Loubere \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Lohrenz et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e; Loubere \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Smart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR81\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Sun et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR86\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeochemical parameters such as organic carbon (OC) and inorganic carbon (CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e%) act as supporting proxies for paleoproductivity (Punyu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). The δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of benthic foraminifera can be utilised to understand changes in contributing water masses. For example, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is characterized by enriched δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC (modern δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of DIC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.9\u0026ndash;1.1\u0026permil;) as compared to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW; modern δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of DIC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5\u0026ndash;0.7\u0026permil;). Thus, the ecological sensitivity of benthic foraminifera, its stable carbon isotopic ratio and geochemical parameters can be used as indicators of paleo-productivity, paleo-bottom water oxygenation, and past seasonality of export productivity (Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Ravelo and Hillaire-Marcel \u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the deep ocean, nutrients and oxygen are mainly transported by thermohaline circulation and are governed by the rate of circulation and the contribution of the deep-water masses (i.e., NADW and AABW). Palaeoceanographic studies have provided evidence for a decrease in contribution of NADW in the deep water circulation, during the onset of Heinrich stadials and LGM (Duplessy et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Sarnthein et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Skinner et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The carbon isotopic ratio of epibenthic foraminifera, which is indirectly dependent on the rate of the thermohaline circulation and ratio of contributing water masses, has been widely utilized to understand palaeoceanographic changes (Bharti et al.,2022; Curry \u0026amp; Oppo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Duplessy et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Murgese \u0026amp; De Deckker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). Many benthic foraminiferal assemblage studies in the Indian Ocean have revealed changes in the deep-sea environment led by deep-ocean circulation on a million-year time scale (i.e. Gupta \u0026amp; Thomas, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006b\u003c/span\u003e). However, only a few studies have focused on millennial timescale changes (e.g. Murgese \u0026amp; De Deckker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Smart et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Singh et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR77\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) though major global climatic events have occurred during the last 19 kyrs. In view of this, the present study attempts to understand past changes in the ecological condition of the deep Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (CEIO) during the last 18.9 kyrs encompassing the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Heinrich Stadial-1 (HS-1), the B\u0026oslash;lling- Aller\u0026oslash;d (B-A) warming, the Younger Dryas (YD), the mid-Holocene and the Late Holocene, using benthic foraminiferal assemblage and abundance data, together with the stable carbon isotopic ratio of \u003cem\u003eCibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp. and geochemical analysis of the sediment.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Regional setting","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Central Equatorial Indian Ocean (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ea) is unique as it acts as a transition zone between the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and is influenced by both the summer and the winter monsoon (Tiwari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e; Tomczak and Godfrey \u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). However, maximum productivity in the CEIO is recorded during the SWM (Yadav et al., 2021). Strong Indian Ocean Equatorial Westerlies (IEW) prevail almost throughout the year, strengthening during the inter-monsoon season in the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and regulating the productivity of the CEIO (Beaufort \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Punyu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Sarkar and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Productivity in the EIO is low compared to the Northern Indian Ocean (Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The EIO productivity is also low compared to the Equatorial Atlantic and the Equatorial Pacific due to lack of equatorial upwelling in the EIO (Schott and McCreary \u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e). The EIO is influenced by a seasonal reversal of wind and by the monsoonal strength of which changes during glacial and interglacial intervals (Chandana et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Tiwari et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e), which affects productivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe investigated a sediment core from the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean drilled in an open ocean regime near the southeastern boundary of the Laccadive Sea (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ea). The deep waters at the core location are ventilated by deep water masses sourced mainly from Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) that forms by mixing of high salinity NADW and marginally well oxygenated AABW in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region and can be traced at ~\u0026thinsp;700\u0026ndash;800 m above the lysocline (Kolla et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1976\u003c/span\u003e; Talley \u003cspan citationid=\"CR87\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Based on GEOSECS dissolved oxygen data (Weiss, 1983) from the EIO (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eb), deep-water at the core location is well oxygenated at present.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Sampling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sediment core SS152/3828 (3.89\u0026deg; N, 78.06\u0026deg; E; water depth 3166m; core length 39 cm; Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ea) was collected using a gravity corer during cruise SS-152 onboard the Fisheries Oceanographic Research Vessel \u003cem\u003eSagar Sampada\u003c/em\u003e (FORV \u003cem\u003eSagar Sampada\u003c/em\u003e) in 1997. The core was sub-sampled at 1\u0026ndash;2 cm intervals. The subsamples were taken in two aliquots. One partition was used for benthic foraminiferal assemblage study and another for geochemical and isotopic analysis. The aliquot for geochemical parameters was oven-dried at 85\u0026deg;C, crushed, and stored; the aliquot for the foraminiferal assemblage study was oven-dried at 55\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Benthic foraminifera extraction and counting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 14 samples for foraminiferal studies (5\u0026ndash;20 g) were soaked overnight in Calgon solution, wet sieved through a 63 \u0026micro;m standard sieve to remove clay materials, and oven-dried at 55\u0026deg;C. The dried samples were sieved using 425, 250, and 150 \u0026micro;m standard sieves. Benthic foraminifera from \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;150 \u0026micro;m size fraction were analyzed for abundance study. For counting we used a stereoscopic binocular microscope.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCounting was done separately in two size fractions (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;250 \u0026micro;m and 150\u0026ndash;250 \u0026micro;m). From the \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;250 \u0026micro;m fraction, the whole bulk sample (yielding 140\u0026ndash;570 specimens per sample) was investigated. From the 150\u0026ndash;250 \u0026micro;m fraction, a 0.1\u0026ndash;0.2 g aliquot corresponding to 4\u0026ndash;6 g sediment weight (split using an Otto Microsplitter) was investigated, which yielded 90\u0026ndash;250 specimens per sample. The weight of the sediment along with the number of specimens scanned in both size fractions at 14 depths can be found in Table\u0026nbsp;2. Abundances of both size fractions were normalized to 10 g of sediment for each size fraction and added together to get the abundance of the \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;150 \u0026micro;m fraction per 10 g of sediment at each depth (Table\u0026nbsp;2). All available specimens were separated and identified to genus level following Loeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1988) and the World Register for Marine Species (Hayward et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Taxonomic references of identified species can be found in Table\u0026nbsp;3. Species absolute abundance was converted into percentage data, referred to as relative abundance (RA). Benthic foraminiferal density was estimated based on the number of specimens per gram of sediment. Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate (BFAR) have been estimated based on the equation below (Herguera and Berger \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eBFAR (number of specimens/cm\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003ekyr\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;BF \u0026times; LSR \u0026times; DBD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHere BF is benthic foraminifera number per gram of dry sediment, LSR means the linear sedimentation rate (cm/kyr), and DBD denotes the dry bulk density (g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e) of the sediment. DBD have been calculated based on CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e% data of the present study using the following equation by (Clemens et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.104 x 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/sup\u003e(%CaCO3) \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e + 2.176 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e(% CaCO3)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;0.430\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Radiocarbon Dating\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiocarbon dating was done using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at PRL-AURiS facility (PRL-Accelerator Unit for Radioisotope Studies (Bhushan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019a\u003c/span\u003e,b)). We picked 10\u0026ndash;12 mg (equivalent to ~\u0026thinsp;300\u0026ndash;500 number of specimens) of the surface-dwelling planktic foraminifer \u003cem\u003eGlobigerinoides ruber\u003c/em\u003e (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;250 \u0026micro;m) in all but two samples (at 3.5 and 38.5 cm depths) where \u003cem\u003eGlobigerinoides sacculifer\u003c/em\u003e (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;250 \u0026micro;m) was included in order to obtain enough sample (Bharti et al.,2022). Foraminifer shells were crushed between glass plates and cleaned using a method similar to Barker et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e), oven-dried and graphitized using a coupled system of Carbonate Handling System (CHS) attached with Automated Graphitization Unit (AGE-3). Graphitized samples, along with NBS Oxalic Acid-1 and NBS Oxalic Acid-2 standards, reference standard, and an anthracite blank, were analyzed using 1 MV AMS. Radiocarbon age was calculated using the standard method (Stuiver et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). AMS \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eC age was calibrated using the R package \u0026ldquo;Bchron\u0026rdquo; (Parnell et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) and MARINE20 Calibration curve (Heaton et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Reimer et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Stuiver and Polach \u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e). A localized reservoir age correction (ΔR) of 98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22 years was applied to account for deviations in the local mixed layer reservoir age compared to the global mean reservoir age (Dutta et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e; Southon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR83\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Stable Isotope and Geochemical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen (δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO) and carbon isotope analysis (δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC) was performed on individual planktic foraminifera specimens of \u003cem\u003eG. ruber\u003c/em\u003e (250\u0026ndash;425 \u0026micro;m) and 5\u0026ndash;10 specimens of C\u003cem\u003eibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp. (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;250 \u0026micro;m). Care was taken to pick medium size specimens (not too small or not too large) from the chosen fraction to avoid size related isotopic bias. Benthic foraminifera shells crushed in sample vial were soaked in 3% methanol solution for 30 minutes and the solution was removed carefully. After that, the sample was ultrasonicated in acetone and the supernatant was removed and kept for drying at 50\u0026deg;C. Carbon and oxygen isotopes were measured using a continuous flow Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Delta V Plus CF-IRMS) at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, India. Isotopic values of Vienna-Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB) standard have been used for referencing sample isotopic values. And NBS-18 standard was also run in between for quality check. Based on repeat measurement of a calcite standard, Makrana Marble (MMB), precision for δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO was found to be \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u0026permil; (1σ standard deviation. δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e from another sediment core (SK129-CR2; Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003ea; Piotrowski et al., 2009) has also been compared here.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic Carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N\u003csub\u003eTot\u003c/sub\u003e) were measured on 20\u0026ndash;24 mg of decarbonated sediment, using a Thermo Fisher Elemental Analyzer (Flash 2000). Precision for N\u003csub\u003eTot\u003c/sub\u003e and OC was always better than 6% and 4%, respectively (Bhushan et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e). CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e% measurement was done in 5\u0026ndash;10 mg of homogenized sediment, using a Coulometer (UIC Coulometer, Model 5012), and measurement was done for 27 depth intervals of the 39 cm long core. The precision of CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e% was always better than 3%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Age model and sedimentation rate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronology of the core was established using AMS radiocarbon dating of \u003cem\u003eG. ruber\u003c/em\u003e from 17 depths intervals and it can find in Bharti et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The 39-cm core spans 18.9 kyrs. The chronology for the intermediate depths of the core (SS152/3828) where AMS radiocarbon measurements were not done, was calculated using interpolating established calendar ages, which spans 18900 cal BP. The sedimentation rate was estimated using linear interpolation of calibrated age at 17 depths. The 39-cm core yielded an average sedimentation rate of 2.6 cm kyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e with a minimum sedimentation rate of 1.1 cm kyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e during 18.9\u0026ndash;18.0 ka and a maximum of 8.5 cm kyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e during 12.7\u0026ndash;12.5 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In the present study, we consider 2.1\u0026ndash;10.0 ka to be the Holocene, 10.0-16.9 ka to be the Deglaciation, which also covers Younger Dryas (~\u0026thinsp;11.6\u0026ndash;12.9 ka) and Heinrich Stadial-1 (~\u0026thinsp;15.6\u0026ndash;17.8 ka), and 17.8\u0026ndash;18.9 ka to be the LGM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Geochemistry and Carbon, Oxygen Isotopic Ratio\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeochemical parameters OC%, CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e%, and OC/N\u003csub\u003eTot\u003c/sub\u003e were measured in surface sediments to understand the productivity and sediment provenance at the core location. OC ranged between 0.9% during 14.0-14.9 ka and 12.7 ka to 2.6% at 18.9 ka. While OC/N\u003csub\u003eTot\u003c/sub\u003e varied between 8.1 at 4.1 ka to 11.2 at 18.9 ka (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), indicating a marine source of sediment. Calcium carbonate ranged between 59.9% and 67.8% at 7.5 ka and 2.1 ka, respectively, indicating calcareous ooze as a major fraction of the sediment (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The early deglaciation and the LGM witnessed decreased CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e%. The average δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO of \u003cem\u003eG. ruber\u003c/em\u003e (Bharti et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) was \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u0026permil; varying between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.6 and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.8\u0026permil; during last 18.9 kyrs (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). In the CEIO, the LGM has been marked clearly by enriched δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO (-0.7\u0026permil;) and the Holocene with depleted δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO (-2.2\u0026permil;). The δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC values of epifaunal benthic foraminifera (\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp.) varied between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u0026permil; at 17.5 ka and 0.8\u0026permil; at 5.3 ka. All the stable isotope and geochemical data cab be found in the supplementary file.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3 Benthic foraminiferal assemblage and abundance variations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenthic foraminiferal assemblages, recorded from 14 depths, comprise 65 benthic foraminiferal species (Table\u0026nbsp;4) with significant variation in their relative abundances. Most of the 65 species were calcareo0us, and 10 species were agglutinated. The infaunal and the epifaunal group (Table\u0026nbsp;5) contained 43 and 22 species, respectively. The diversity in the benthic foraminifera ranged from 28 species at 12.7 ka to 39 species at 2.1 ka. Infaunal diversity also reached minima (15) and maxima (24) at the same time as benthic foraminiferal diversity. While epifaunal diversity reached its maxima (15) at the same time, it reached its minima (8) at 7.5 ka. The foraminifera density varied between 26\u0026ndash;156 individuals per gram of sediment, with the lowest at 8.2 ka and the highest at 18.9 ka (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). BFAR varied between 16 n.cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e kyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e at 14 ka and 175 n.cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e kyr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e at 18.9 ka. Infaunal density was at a minimum (45%) at 4.1 ka and maximum (68%) at 18.9 ka. A total of nine species have been identified as dominant members in the CEIO, based on their abundance of more than 10% in at least one sample (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). These species are \u003cem\u003eCibicidoides wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e, (\u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eUvigerina hispida\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eU. peregrina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eU. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eUvigerina pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e. A total of 19 species had a minimum of 5% abundance in at least one sample, awhile 30 species a minimum abundance of 3% abundance in at least one sample. Faunal density and BFAR data has been provided in the supplementary file.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Dominant benthic foraminiferal assemblage and its preferred environment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstantial variation is observed in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages for the last 18.9 kyrs. The Central Indian Ocean witnessed the dominance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e during the LGM, with \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. being the most dominant species. During HS-1, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage was dominated by \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eO. umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e as well as \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, with a predominance of \u003cem\u003eU. hispida.\u003c/em\u003e The Holocene assemblages were dominated by \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eO. umbonatus, M. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, with a predominance of \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e, in general. Among the dominant species, \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e is known to dwell in all conditions of deep basins but is often found in high oxygen and low OC environments (Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1985\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Murgese and De Deckker \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e is a marker species of seasonal flux or pulsed organic carbon (Ernst and Zwaan \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Gooday and Rathburn \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Hayward et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e dwells in low organic carbon flux environments with well oxygenated bottom water conditions and may also indicate pulsed organic matter (Gooday \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta and Thomas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Loubere \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e; Loubere and Fariduddin \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Schmiedl et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e is known to be a deep infaunal species, an indicator of refractory organic matter, mesotrophic condition, and intermediate organic flux, and it is also linked to intermediate to high seasonality in the Indian Ocean (Drinia and Anastasakis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Fontanier et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e is an indicator of well oxygenated water with oligotrophic conditions (Gupta and Thomas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Miao and Thunell \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e; Singh and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. mostly indicate high amounts of food availability or increased export productivity (Hayward et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eUvigerina proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e dwells mostly in intermediate to high levels of productivity and can survive in variable oxygenation (Gupta et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006b\u003c/span\u003e; Lutze and Coulbourn \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e; Raj et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Smart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR80\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u003c/em\u003e domination suggest oxygen minimum zone and high productivity environments (De and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). This species has also been suggested to be tolerant to low quality food supply, and hence it can also act as an indicator of increased seasonal food supply (e.g., Fontanier et al., 2003; Koho et al., 2008 and Theodor et al., 2016). The dominant faunal composition in the CEIO for the last 18.9 kyrs shows remarkable change in the deep-sea environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2 Benthic Faunal Groups as Paleoenvironmental Indicators\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to identifying the dominant assemblage group, we grouped the benthic foraminifera species to understand changes in deep water oxygenation, export productivity, and phytodetrital input. Based on the understanding of preferred microhabitat of the benthic foraminiferal species (with the relative abundance of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5%), three groups were defined: a high dissolved oxygen group to study the variability in bottom water oxygenation, a high organic carbon group to study the variability in paleoproductivity, and a phytodetrital sensitive group to study the seasonality of export productivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.3 Bottom water oxygenation variability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the preferred environments of the dominant benthic foraminifera species, we compared the relative abundance of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eO. umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e over the last 18.9 kyrs to reconstruct deep-sea oxygenation (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003ePyrgo murrhina\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e are well known oxic indicators (Gupta and Thomas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Kaiho \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Murgese and De Deckker \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e) and have been compared along with other dominant dissolved oxygen sensitive species in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Relative abundances of \u003cem\u003eP. murrhina, Pyrgo\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eO. umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e were very low, with almost zero abundances of \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e during the LGM as well as the HS-1, compared to the Holocene. All these species are known to dwell in well oxygenated conditions (refer section 3.4.1). This means LGM was dominated by low oxygen waters. However, \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e shows a minor increase in abundance during the LGM compared to the Holocene. During the YD, the abundance of all the dissolved oxygen sensitive species was comparatively medium to high. The Holocene had considerably high abundances of all the dissolved oxygen sensitive species throughout (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The most striking peak of the benthic foraminifera abundance was found at 7.5 ka, with the highest abundances during the last 18.9 kyrs of \u003cem\u003ePyrgo\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eP. murrhina, O. umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e with a sudden decrease in the abundance of \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa, L. pauperata, Cibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp. as well as minimum abundance of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e. Interestingly, 7.5 ka coincides with a sudden decrease in the BFAR, as well as foraminiferal and infaunal density (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). This indicates major and sudden changes in the oxygenation of the deep water ventilating the core location during this period. Exceptionally low ventilation age was also found at 7.5 ka in the CEIO and SB0B paleo-ventilation age record of (Bharti et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), which suggests the intrusion of a comparatively well-ventilated water mass at 7.5 ka and hence a well oxygenated deep-sea environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.4 Paleo-productivity variability in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the dominant benthic foraminiferal species responses to high organic carbon discussed in section 3.4.1, we compared \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum, Melonis\u003c/em\u003e spp., \u003cem\u003eU. hispida, U. peregrina, U. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. in order to reconstruct past productivity and food supply in the CEIO (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Among these species, \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. is the dominant shallow infaunal species in Indian Deep Water (Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e) and a predominantly high productivity taxa (Smart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). It has been an indicator of with high organic carbon (Lutze \u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e; Lutze and Coulbourn \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. abundance shows large variability for the last 18.9 kyrs in the CEIO, ranging between 44% during the LGM to 0% during 2.1\u0026ndash;7.5 ka. \u003cem\u003eUvigerina hispida\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eU. peregrina\u003c/em\u003e showed high abundance during the LGM with the highest abundance peak of \u003cem\u003eU. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e, during HS-1. \u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e was slightly depleted during the LGM in comparison to the Holocene. The depletion of \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e which is a high organic carbon and low oxygen lower bathyal to abyssal species, suggests better oxygenation during the LGM. The abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. suddenly decreased during the B-A event and again increased during the YD. During the Early to mid-Holocene, a minimal abundance of the \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. was observed, which decreased to 0% during the late Holocene. However, the abundance of \u003cem\u003eMelonis\u003c/em\u003e spp. only changed from lower value during the glaciation to intermediate value during the Holocene. Similar to the dissolved oxygen sensitive species in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, all the productivity sensitive species (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) also witnessed a peak at 7.5 ka. All the high productivity species showed a dip in abundance at the same time. Though a slightly decreased abundance of high productivity species may suggest decreased food supply at 7.5 ka, the organic carbon data show a minor increase in the productivity compared to the trend. Near zero abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. during the late Holocene with moderately high food supply at 7.5 ka suggests control by other factors as well. \u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e, a deep infaunal species that is related to high food supply (De and Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) and feeds on laterally advected refractory organic matter is sensitive to the quality of the food as well. Hence, it cannot be directly used as a productivity indicator (Goldstein and Corliss \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.5 Seasonality of export productivity variability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCertain species have been identified as suspension feeders. They are not very specific to food type and colonize during episodic flux of organic matter. They have been grouped under phytodetrital sensitive species to observe the variability in seasonality (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e showed substantial variation in its density from minima (3%) at 8.2 ka and 6.2 ka to maxima (10.9%) at 15.8 ka. This species was abundant during the LGM and HS-1 and least abundant during the early to the mid-Holocene. \u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e varied similarly as \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e for the last 14 kyrs. It has a low abundance during the Glaciation-interglaciation termination (16\u0026ndash;18 ka), in contrast to \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, suggesting unavailability of refractory organic matter during that time (Gupta \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003ePyrgo murrhina\u003c/em\u003e varied inversely to \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, in general, having minimum density among other seasonality sensitive species with its abundance at a minimum during HS-1. \u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u003c/em\u003e also showed increased abundance during the LGM and HS-1 similar to \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, indicating increased seasonality of food supply. Considering \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e as well-known indicator of episodic organic flux (Gupta and Srinivasan \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e; Raj et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Smart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR80\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e), it is inferred that phytodetrital input was enhanced during ~\u0026thinsp;18.9 to 14 ka as well as during the late Holocene. Enhanced seasonality was also observed in the Southern Indian Ocean, during the same time interval by (Smart et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Considering \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e as the base indicator of seasonality, it could be inferred that \u003cem\u003eM. barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eU. peregrina\u003c/em\u003e abundance in some way are positively related to seasonality, whereas \u003cem\u003eP. murrhina\u003c/em\u003e abundance varied opposite to the seasonality trend. Additionally, the abundance trends of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e do not seem to be related to seasonality in the CIO basin.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilar to the species of the dissolved oxygen sensitive group (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) and productivity sensitive species (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e), the phytodetrital sensitive species also showed a peak at 7.5 ka (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). While \u003cem\u003eP. murrhina\u003c/em\u003e showed maximum at that time, \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e had a short-lived local maximum at that time, corroborating the minimum value of other species in the seasonality sensitive group. The interval 7.5 ka also had enriched δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of \u003cem\u003eG. ruber\u003c/em\u003e, which suggests enhanced overhead productivity (Devendra et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Penaud et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) as well as a minor and sudden increase in the linear sedimentation rate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Paleo Environment of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean for the last 18.9 kyrs","content":"\u003cp\u003eInferences based on the benthic foraminiferal assemblage, stable carbon isotopic records, and productivity parameters suggest remarkable variability in the deep water environment for the last 18.9 kyrs. During the late LGM, the relatively higher abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. along with high OC suggests increased export productivity. The deep waters were poorly oxygenated, as suggested by the comparatively low abundance of all the high dissolved oxygen requiring taxa, except \u003cem\u003eCibicidoides\u003c/em\u003e spp. However, CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e variability does not suggest increased overhead productivity during the LGM (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Hence, the high export productivity in the CEIO during the LGM was due to the high preservation of the sediment, supported by poorly oxygenated bottom water, as is also evident in the depleted δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC of \u003cem\u003eC. wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The increased productivity in the EIO during the LGM has also been noticed by Punyu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) and Devendra et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHS-1 showed low benthic δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC and a maxima of two dominant and important species, \u003cem\u003eU. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e), which can survive in variable oxygenation conditions (Lutze and Coulbourn \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e) and \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e, an opportunistic species (Loubere \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). The sustained low abundance of high dissolved oxygen sensitive species suggests poor ventilation. Despite a good preservation environment led by poor ventilation, the food supply to the bottom was minimal, which further suggests low overhead productivity as well as poor bottom water ventilation, supporting the dominance of opportunistic species such as \u003cem\u003eE. exigua\u003c/em\u003e as well as \u003cem\u003eU. proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e surviving in variable oxygen. The poor ventilation in the Central Indian Ocean basin during HS-1 was also found in the ventilation age reconstruction of the Indian Ocean by (Bharti et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Poor ventilation probably resulted from the decreased formation of NADW (Adkins et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e; Sarnthein et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Sikes et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, low BFAR, as well as low foraminiferal density during HS-1, suggest stressed conditions for the benthic fauna.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe B-A warm period coincided with the lowest BFAR, low planktic δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC, low sedimentation rate, minimal OC as well as CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, accompanied with a decreased abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. This suggests low overhead productivity and a stressed conditions during the B-A warming period. Low benthic δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC and slightly increased abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species compared to the LGM suggests moderate deep water oxygenation compared to the LGM and HS-1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe YD was the period of the highest sedimentation rate, increased calcareous production with low export productivity, and low benthic foraminifera density. \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. were also less abundant, while the abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species was moderate. This suggests a moderate oxygenation environment during the YD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe infaunal density in the CEIO during the Holocene remained always low compared to the LGM and HS-1. The early period of the Holocene witnessed low BFAR, low foraminiferal density, increased benthic δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC, increasing OC, high CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, increased planktic δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC as well as moderate abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. This suggests moderate and increasing productivity towards the mid-Holocene. High abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species suggests a well oxygenated environment. The peak observed in all species during the mid-Holocene indicates a sudden change in the deep-water condition focused at 7.5 ka. The abundance of the dissolved oxygen sensitive species (i.e., \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePyrgo\u003c/em\u003e spp., and \u003cem\u003eO. umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e) was high at 7.5 ka except for \u003cem\u003eG. subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eL. pauperata.\u003c/em\u003e The last two species has shown opportunistic behavior in the Indian Ocean (Gooday \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta and Thomas \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). This suggests a well oxygenation condition of the deep CEIO at 7.5 ka along with moderate productivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe late Holocene was led by increased calcareous as well as organic productivity with slightly increased BFAR and foraminiferal density. This suggests increased export productivity as well as overhead productivity during the late Holocene. On the contrary, a negligible abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. at that time suggest low food supply. While sedimentation rate was low during this time, it is indicative of a low burial rate. The abundance of dissolved oxygen sensitive species was moderate to high during the late Holocene along with enriched δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC, suggesting well oxygenated deep water in the CEIO.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"7. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study based on the foraminiferal assemblage, stable isotopic composition, and geochemical parameters attests to the widely accepted consensus that the assemblage of benthic foraminifera is governed by bottom water oxygenation as well as productivity. The negligible abundance of \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e spp. during the Holocene, despite moderate food supply, suggests the possibility of its sensitivity to the upper limit of dissolved oxygen and/or interspecies competition. The present study also confirms poor\u0026nbsp;ventilation of bottom water in the CEIO during the LGM as well as\u0026nbsp;during\u0026nbsp;HS-1, as supported by earlier studies\u0026nbsp;(Bharti et al. 2022; Chandana et al. 2017) along with the carbon\u0026nbsp;isotopic record of the benthic foraminifera\u0026nbsp;(Ahmad et al. 2008; Ahmad et al. 2012)\u0026nbsp;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this study contradicts the hypothesis of increased overhead productivity in the CEIO during LGM (Piotrowski et al., 2009; Punyu et al., 2014). Instead it indicates increased export productivity caused by better preservation of OC and suggests less likelihood of increased overhead \u0026nbsp;productivity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions: Nisha Bharti:\u003c/strong\u003e Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing \u0026ndash; original draft. \u003cstrong\u003eMariyappan Muruganantham:\u003c/strong\u003e Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing. \u003cstrong\u003eRavi Bhushan:\u003c/strong\u003e Supervision, Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, Manuscript review \u0026amp; editing. \u003cstrong\u003eShivam Ajay:\u003c/strong\u003e Formal analysis. \u003cstrong\u003eNaveen Gandhi:\u003c/strong\u003e Manuscript review \u0026amp; editing. \u003cstrong\u003ePartha Sarathi Jena\u003c/strong\u003e: Visualization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of competing interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWe thanks to the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) for providing the scientific cruise. The authors also thank Captain, participants, and all crew of the FORV Sagar Samapda Cruise SS-152 for their contribution during the cruise and sampling. We are grateful to Mr. Ankur Dabhi, Ms. Romi Nambiar, Dr. Chandana K Ramamurthy, and Dr. Chinmay Shah for their help during manuscript writing, data curation and instrumentation. We express our sincere thanks to the Director, PRL for the motivation and support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdkins JF, Cheng H, Boyle EA, et al (1998) Deep-Sea Coral Evidence for Rapid Change in Ventilation of the Deep North Atlantic 15,400 Years Ago. Science 280:725\u0026ndash;728. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5364.725\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhmad SM, Babu GA, Padmakumari VM, Raza W (2008) Surface and deep water changes in the northeast Indian Ocean during the last 60 ka inferred from carbon and oxygen isotopes of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. 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Daya books\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDominant benthic foraminifera assemblage (Relative abundance\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10%) and inferred deep sea-environment based on species ecological sensitivity.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS.N.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecies with RA\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10% at least one depth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreferred oceanographic setting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll conditions of deep basins but found often in high oxygen and low OC environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorliss, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1985\u003c/span\u003e; Jorissen et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Murgese \u0026amp; Deckker, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarker species of seasonal flux / pulsed organic carbon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErnst \u0026amp; Zwaan, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Gooday \u0026amp; Rathburn, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Hayward et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow organic carbon flux, low productivity, with well oxygenated bottom water conditions, and also pulsed organic matter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGooday, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e; Gupta \u0026amp; Thomas, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Loubere, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e; Laubere \u0026amp; Fariduddin,1999; Schmiedl et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator of refractory organic matter, mesotrophic condition, intermediate organic flux \u0026amp; also linked with intermediate to high seasonality in the Indian Ocean.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrinia \u0026amp; Anastasakis, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Fontanier et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator of well oxygenated water with oligotrophic conditions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGupta \u0026amp; Thomas, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Miao \u0026amp; Thunell, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e; Singh \u0026amp; Gupta, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh productivity environment, OMZ species\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGupta \u0026amp; Srinivasan, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e; Hayward et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Murgese \u0026amp; Deckker, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntermediate to a high productivity environment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGupta \u0026amp; Srinivasan, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e; Raj et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Smart et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina hispida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh productivity environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHayward et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e sp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh productivity environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHayward et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Details of the sediment weight taken to analyze two size fractions and the corresponding number of specimens identified at 14 depths. Samples from seven depth were scanned in \u0026nbsp;\u0026gt;150 \u0026micro;m fraction at once. Hence there are no separate counts for different size fractions for these depths and the corresponding grid has been left blank.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"601\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSediment weight scanned for 150-250 \u0026micro;m fraction (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of specimens scanned in 150-250 \u0026micro;m fraction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSediment weight scanned for \u0026gt;250 \u0026micro;m fraction (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of specimens scanned in \u0026gt;250 \u0026micro;m fraction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal no of specimen counted in \u0026gt;150 \u0026micro;m fraction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6-7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11-12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16-17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17-18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22-24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28-29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29-30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33-35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35-36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37-38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e766\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.9701%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38-39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.4319%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.9435%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.113%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.7708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e817\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Taxonomic reference list of identified benthic foraminifera.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus bradyii\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1917)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCassidelina complanata\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Egger, 1893)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChilostomella oolina\u003c/em\u003e (Schwager, 1878)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides wuellerstorfi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Schwager, 1866)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCribrostomoides subglobosus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1910)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEggerella bradyi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1911)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Brady, 1884)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Brady, 1881)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGyroidinoides soldanii\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(d\u0026rsquo;Orbigny, 1826)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoeglundina elegans\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(d\u0026rsquo;Orbigny, 1826)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaevidentalina mucronata\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Neugeboren, 1856)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena hispidula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1913)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena laevicostata\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman \u0026amp; Gray, 1946)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena striata\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(d\u0026rsquo;Orbigny, 1839)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaticarinina pauperata\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Parker \u0026amp; Jones, 1865)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMarginulina obesa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1923)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Williamson, 1858)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis pompilioides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Fichtel \u0026amp; Moll, 1798)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Reuss, 1851)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePullenia bulloides\u003c/em\u003e (d\u0026rsquo;Orbigny, 1846)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrgo murrhina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Schwager, 1866)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuinqueloculina seminulum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Linnaeus, 1758)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSigmoilopsis schlumbergeri\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Silvestri, 1904)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSphaeroidina bulloides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(d\u0026apos;Orbigny, 1828)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Cushman, 1923)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina proboscidea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Schwager, 1866)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolute abundances of benthic foraminifera species (\u0026gt;150\u0026micro;m) in the core SS152/3828 at different climatic intervals (ka=kilo years before present). Note, the absolute abundance is the abundance of benthic foraminifera normalized for 10 g of sediment, where sediment weight varied between ~5-20 g at six depths.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"699\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth (cm) vs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBenthic foraminifera species\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3-4\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6-7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11-12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16-17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17-18\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e22-24\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26-27\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28-29\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29-30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31-33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33-35\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35-36\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37-38\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38-39\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmmodiscus planorbis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmmodiscus tenuis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus brady\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBathysiphon\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCassidelina complanate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCassidelina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCerebrina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChilostomella oolina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides kullenbergi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides brady\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCribrostomoides bradyi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCycloforina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCyclammina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEggerella bradyi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFavulina hexagona\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagenosolenia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagenosolenia s\u003c/em\u003ep.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFissurina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFursenkoina pauciloculata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGyroidinoides soldanii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGyroidinoides lamarkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHaplophragmoides\u003c/em\u003e sp.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoeglundina elegans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHyalinonetrion elongate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaevidentalina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaevidentalina mucronate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena hispida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena cf. Lagena laevicoastata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena striata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaticarinina pauperata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLenticulina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMarginulina obesa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis pompilloides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis affinis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOolina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParafissurina marginate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePolymorphina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePsammosphera s\u003c/em\u003ep.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePullenia quinqueloba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePullenia bulloides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePygmaeoseistron hispidula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePygmaeoseistron\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrgo murrhina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrgo leavis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuinqueloculina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuinqueloculina seminula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRecurvoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSigmoilopsis schlumbergerella\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSphaeroidinella bulloides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTextularia earlandi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina hispida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e229\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e380\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEuuvigerina auberiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6023%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.72389%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e480\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.72246%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.43777%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e426\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e321\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e536\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e619\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e829\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.43634%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5.29328%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5:\u003c/strong\u003e Species identified in the present study and the respective microhabitat based on earlier studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS. N.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMicrohabitat Preference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmmodiscus planorbis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Kaminski et al., 1988; Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmmodiscus tenuis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Kaminski et al., 1988; Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus brady\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAstacolus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBathysiphon\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSessile Epifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCassidelina complanate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCassidelina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChilostomella oolina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Emerson, 1990; Mackensen et al., 1995; Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides kullenbergi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides brady\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCibicidoides wuellerstorfi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss, 1985; Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCribrostomoides bradyi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeeper Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCyclammina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEggerella bradyi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Kuhnt et al., 2000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEpistominella exigua\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993; Smart et al., 1994)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFavulina hexagona\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagenosolenia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagenosolenia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFursenkoina pauciloculata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlobocassidulina subglobosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Gooday, 1993; Mackensen et al., 1995; Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGyroidinoides soldanii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988; Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGyroidinoides lamarkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHaplophragmoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoeglundina elegans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss, 1985)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaevidentalina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow to Deep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaevidentalina mucronate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow to Deep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena hispidula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena cf. Lagena laevicoastata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLagena striata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLaticarinina pauperata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLenticulina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis barleeanum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Mackensen et al., 1995)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis pompilioides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Mackensen et al., 1995)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelonis affinis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeep Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Mackensen et al., 1995)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOolina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOridorsalis umbonatus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988; Gooday, 1993)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParafissurina marginata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePsammosphera\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePullenia quinqueloba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Mackensen et al., 1995)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePullenia bulloides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Mackensen et al., 1995)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrgo murrhina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Chen, 1988; Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrgo leavis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuinqueloculina\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuinqueloculina seminulum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpifauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRecurvoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003esp.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow to deep infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoeblich \u0026amp; Tappan, (1987)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSigmoilopsis schlumbergeri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeeper Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Kuhnt et al., 2000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSphaeroidina bulloides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Hayward et al., 2010)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTextularia earlandi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow to Deep infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Reolid et al., 2008)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina peregrina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Emerson, 1990)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 7.14286%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.4898%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvigerina proboscidea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20.4082%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShallow Infauna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.9592%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Corliss and Emerson, 1990)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Physical Research Laboratory","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Foraminifera, Abundance, Equatorial Indian Ocean, Late Quaternary","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe relative abundances of ecologically sensitive and dominant benthic foraminifera (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;150 \u0026micro;m) in a sediment core located near the southeastern boundary of the Laccadive Sea in the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean were investigated to understand the deep-water conditions of the past 19 kyrs. Faunal analysis from 14 samples spanning the last 19 kyrs were done along with geochemical analysis of the sediment and stable isotope study of foraminifera. The investigation revealed variability in export productivity and changes in bottom water dissolved oxygen concentration primarily between the Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), whereas the B\u0026oslash;lling- Aller\u0026oslash;d warm event (14.7\u0026ndash;12.9 cal kyr BP) acted as a turning point in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage. During the LGM, poorly oxygenated bottom water and high export productivity was apparent with the decreased density of species indicative of high dissolved oxygen and the dominance of species indicative of high organic carbon. Evidence of well oxygenated bottom water during the Holocene was observed with increased density of benthic foraminiferal species indicative of high dissolved oxygen. The insignificant density of the high organic carbon genus \u003cem\u003eUvigerina\u003c/em\u003e during the Holocene, instead of moderate food supply, infers sensitivity to the upper limit of dissolved oxygen or its increased competition with high dissolved oxygen species. This study contributes to the understanding of changes in the deep-water condition of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean during major climatic events of the last 19 kyrs and demonstrates that the deep sea benthic foraminiferal assemblages respond to regional as well as global climate.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Late Quaternary variation in productivity and oxygen in the deep Central Indian Ocean based on benthic foraminiferal abundance and assemblages","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-20 04:09:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6014320/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"db5fd0be-dd71-4b35-8e91-4ccc9f10c204","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":44222363,"name":"Paleoecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-20T04:09:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-20 04:09:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6014320","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6014320","identity":"rs-6014320","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}