Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats

Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats Marco Genchi, ALICE VISMARRA, STEFANIA ZANET, SIMONE MORELLI, and 15 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-558064/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Parasites infecting cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Many are also transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on knowledge of parasite distribution and risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and risk factors associated with their occurrence. Methods Over a 12-month study period, thirteen study centers across Italy analyzed feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats coming from feral colonies, shelters and private households. Samples from cats (n=987) were analyzed by all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for identification of predictors of risk. Results The overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). T. cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, A. abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites O. cynotis 9.8% (97/987). Predictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of anti-parasitic treatment. Conclusion Both ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human-animal bond using proper endo- and ecto-parasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept. Parasitology Infectious Diseases Immunology cat parasites Italy prevalence zoonosis risk factors Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Background Numerous parasites infect domestic cats. Among these, helminths of the gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory system can cause severe disease if parasite loads are heavy, while different arthropods can cause skin disease and allergy. Subclinical infection is of equal concern given the zoonotic nature of several feline helminths and the capacity of fleas and ticks to transmit pathogens to cats, other animals and humans. Recent multicenter studies in both Europe and Italy, have been carried out to define the current status of endo- and ectoparasite infections of cats [ 1 – 4 ]. According to these, infections are widespread and depend on various risk factors, including lifestyle, geographical area and frequency of anti-parasitic treatment. Most studies on prevalence, distribution and risk factors for feline parasites in Italy have been carried out in central and southern areas of the country [ 5 – 6 ]. Multicenter studies provide useful information on distribution and risk of parasite infection. However, few apply the same, standard diagnostic protocols for each center, thus compromising reliability of results. Indeed, it has been reported that different copro-microscopic techniques have differing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes. The Mini-FLOTAC technique [ 7 ] has been recently demonstrated to be a highly sensitive method for diagnosing parasitic infections of human and veterinary importance where larvae or ova of parasites are shed in the faeces [ 8 – 11 ]. Seasonality of parasite infection in cats has been evaluated mostly from retrospective, longitudinal studies [ 12 – 13 ]. It is possible that sampling and analysis over a fixed period of time may give more useful information on the current effects of season on parasite prevalence. The aims of the present multicenter study were therefore to: (i) determine the current prevalence of feline endo and –ectoparasites throughout Italy by recruitment of cats from all regions; (ii) evaluate seasonal trends by recruiting a set number of cats each month consecutively over a 12-month period; (iii) use standardized diagnostic methods in order to eliminate variables associated with differences in test sensitivities/specificities/accuracy; (iv) identify those factors that significantly increase the risk of infection. Methods Animals and study period The study began in July 2019 and ended in September 2020. Thirteen University study centers participated, and each had a recruitment target of 7 cats/month for 12 months, for a total of 84 cats/center. Each cat could only be included in the study once, with no more than 2 cats from the same home/shelter/colony sampled. Enrollment and sample collection Inclusion criteria included: outdoor access; no antiparasitic treatment (endo and/or ecto) in the 3 months prior to enrollment and signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria included: no outdoor access; antiparasitic treatment (endo and/or ecto) in the 3 months prior to enrollment. Each study center was supplied with: tubes (15 ml) pre-filled with 80% ethanol; flea combs and zip-lock bags; 1 Mini-FLOTAC kit Fill-FLOTAC [14] containing 4 Mini-FLOTAC and 4 Fill-FLOTAC devices (200 tests); instructions for material collection, conservation and analyses. At enrollment, general information, inclusion criteria, clinical observations, frequency of antiparasitic treatments in the previous 12 months, and eventual signs of ecto-parasitic infection were recorded, and online data collection sheet filled (Supplementary Material Table S1). Any observed ticks/nits (lice) were collected and stored in 80% ethanol pre-filled tubes. Each cat was combed with a flea comb for 5 minutes and collected material was stored in the zip-lock plastic bag at +4°C. Owners were asked to submit at least 7 grams of fresh faeces, which were collected, examined for the eventual presence of proglottids and stored at +4°C. Laboratory analyses All collected material was analyzed at the University laboratories of the 13 study centers. Material collected with flea combs was examined under a stereomicroscope and the presence of flea/flea debris recorded. Faeces were examined for the presence of proglottids and identified according to [15]. Mini-FLOTAC copromicroscopic examination was carried out on 2 g of faeces in 18 ml of NaCl floating solution (s.g 1200) according to the protocol described in [7]. Minimum/maximum eggs/oocysts/cyst per gram of feces (EPG/OPG/CPG) were calculated. The Baermann test was carried out on 5 g of faeces and examined approximately 12 hours later, according to [16]. Larvae were identified according to [17] and [18]. Study center reference personnel was asked to register with the Castor ® EDC ® database [19], managed by the study monitor. Each reference personnel had her/his own login credentials. Results were transcribed into the database, preferably within several days of receipt and analyses. Statistical Analyses Chi-square tests were carried out to evaluate the association between positivity for at least one endo-/ectoparasite infection, Toxocara cati, hookworms, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus , fleas, and Otodectes cynotis and the following categorical variables: sex, geographical area (North, Central, South), life style (exclusive outdoor/predominantly outdoor/predominantly indoor), provenance (privately-owned, shelter, colony), age ( 5years), antiparasitic treatment in the previous year (yes/no). Relationships between infection and the variables (“predictors”) was analyzed by multivariable regression analysis applying a stepwise backward elimination methods (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 27.0.). Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results Study population Severe restrictions on movement/activity were put into place to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (March-2020 “lockdown”), which resulted in a decrease/lack of cat enrollment on the part of many centers from March 2020 to May 2020 leading to an extension of the study for a further 2 months. A total of 987 cats were enrolled. Cats were evenly distributed regarding sex. Approximately half the study population (47.3%) was within the age range of 1-5 years, with the remaining evenly distributed between 5 years of age (24.6%). Over 40% of enrolled cats were from Southern Italy and 69.2% were privately-owned cats. Over 75.8% of the study population lived predominantly outdoor/exclusively outdoor (Table 1). Most cats, including privately owned animals, had not received anti-parasitic treatment in the year before enrollment. Overall, 539/987 (54.6%) cats from the present study were infected with one or more parasites. Moreover, 13.7% (135/987) had at least two endoparasites and 7.4% (73/987) had at least two arthropod infestations. Endoparasites The overall prevalence of GI and BP nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). T. cati was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, A. abstrusus was the most common (76/987; 7.7%), while Capillaria aerophila (Eucoleus aerophilus ; 22/987; 2.2%) and Troglostrongylus brevior (12/987; 1.2%) were much less frequently found (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Among GI protozoa, Cystoisospora felis was the most common (101/987; 10.2% ) while the other species were uncommon (Figure 1 and Table 2). Based on macroscopic examination of proglottids [15], taeniidae were rarely found ( Dipylidium caninum 3.3%, Taenia taeniaeformis 1.3%, Mesocestoides spp. 0.1%) (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Of the 35.9% cats positive for any GI or BP nematodes, 20.1% were female and 15.8% were male. Of the female cats analyzed, 40.0% were positive for endoparasite infection, while of the male cats analyzed, 31.7% showed endoparasites and this difference was statistically significant ( P =0.007). In addition, when compared to males, females had significantly higher prevalence values for T. cati (28.5% vs. 22.8%; P =0.04) and hookworms (13.5% vs. 6.3%; P <0.001). Colony cats had significantly higher prevalence of endoparasite infections (45.5%; P <0.001) compared to both shelter (31.0%) and privately-owned cats (32.2%). Infection with A. abstrusus and hookworms was significantly higher in colony and shelter cats (15.3% and 10.3%, respectively; P <0.001) compared to privately-owned cats (4.5%), while prevalence of T. cati infection was comparable among the colony/shelter/privately owned cats. Overall prevalence of endoparasite infection was significantly higher in cats <1 year (49.8%; P <0.001) and in cats between 1-5 years of age (36.8%; P <0.001), with T. cati infection significantly more frequent in cats < 1 year of age (42.6%; P 5 years: 8.2%). Infection with hookworms was significantly more frequent in cats between 1-5 years (12.4%; P =0.041) compared to the other age categories. Prevalence of A. abstrusus was significantly higher in cats < 1 year (9.7%) and between 1-5 years (8.6%; P =0.023). Coccidiosis was more prevalent in younger cats, as is well known (20.6%). Prevalence of endoparasite infection was directly associated with the frequency of outdoor access. Cats with an exclusively outdoor lifestyle had significantly higher infection rates for A. abstrusus (14.5%; P <0.001) compared to cats living predominantly outdoors or predominantly indoors (5.4% and 2.5%, respectively). Cats with a predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle had significantly higher prevalence values for T. cati ( P =0.02) and hookworms ( P < 0.001). Cats residing in the areas of Southern Italy had significantly higher prevalence values for T. cati ( P <0.001) , hookworms ( P <0.001) and A. abstrusus ( P <0.00). Monthly prevalence throughout the study was variable (Fig. 2), yet there was no month in which parasites were not observed. Minimum/maximum EPG/OPG/CPG results for helminths and protozoa were as follows: T. cati (from 5 up to 750,000 EPG), T. leonina (from 10 up to 950 EPG), hookworms (from 5 up to 8495 EPG), C. aerophila (from 5 to 300 EPG), C. felis (from 10 up to 21200 OPG), C. rivolta (from 5 up to 21200 OPG), and G. duodenalis (from 10 up to 550 CPG). Ectoparasites Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas ( C. felis felis ) 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites O. cynotis 9.8% (97/987). Tick infestation ( Ixodes spp, Rhipicephalus spp .) was uncommon 3.3% (33/987), as was infection by other mites and lice (i.e. Notoedres = 5/987, 0.5%; Trombicula = 2/987, 0.2%; Cheyletiella = 1/987, 0.1%; lice = 8/987, 0.8%) (Fig. 3 and Table 2). Of the total cat population analysed, prevalence values for ectoparasites were comparable between males (17.3%) and females (18.3%). Of females analysed, 36.6% were infected and of males analysed, 34.8% had ectoparasites. Overall prevalence of flea infestation for the 987 cats recruited was of 14.5% in females vs . 14.9% in males, and for O. cynotis 5.7% vs. 4.2%. Considering gender specifically, 28.9% of examined females were infected with fleas and 11.3% with O. cynotis , while 29.9% and 8.3% of males were infected, respectively with the two ectoparasites. Colony cats had significantly higher overall prevalence of ectoparasites (53.5% vs. 31.0% and 28.7%, respectively) ( P <0.001), fleas (46.5% vs. 24.1% vs. 22.7%) ( P <0.001) and ear mites (17.5% vs. 3.4% vs. 7.8%) ( P <0.001), compared to shelter and privately-owned cats. The same was observed for cats with a predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle (35.5% and 51.4% vs.14.6% indoor lifestyle) ( P <0.001). Overall prevalence for ectoparasite infection was significantly higher in cats <1 year (45.8%) and between 1-5 years (35.5%) ( P 5 years of age (24.3%). Flea infestation was significantly more prevalent in cats < 1 year (36.5%; P < 0.001) and between 1-5 years (29.8%; P < 0.001) compared to older cats (20.6%). The same was observed for O. cynotis, which showed significantly higher prevalence cats 5 years 5.3%). Prevalence of ectoparasites was significantly higher in cats from Central (37.7%) and Southern (42.7%) Italy (compared to North) (25.1%) ( P < 0.001). Interestingly, prevalence of O. cynotis infection was significantly higher (19.7%; P < 0.001) in cats from Central Italy compared to the North (4.8%) and South (8.5%). Monthly prevalence throughout the study was variable (Fig. 4). Only 23.8% of the cats had received at least one treatment against endoparasites in the past year, while only 33.6% of the cats had received treatment against ectoparasites in the past year. Risk factors for endo-ectoparasites infestation Significant risk factors as determined from univariate analysis were entered in the multivariable logistic regression model, to address possible confounding factors and to compute adjusted odds ratios. Tables 3 and 4 report results of multivariate analysis, which considered overall prevalence of endoparasite infection, overall prevalence of ectoparasite infection, and prevalence of the most common endoparasites ( T. cati , hookworms and A. abstrusus ) and ectoparasites (fleas and O. cynotis ) as dependent variables and sex, age, provenance, lifestyle, geographical area and anti-parasitic treatment as predictors. Results highlighted that age was predictive for T. cati infection, with cats under 1 year of age (OR 7.834, 95% CI 4.609-13.314) and between 1-5 years (OR 3.382, 95% CI 22.021-5.661), but not for hookworms or A. abtrusus . Outdoor lifestyle put cats at higher risk for all three nematodes ( T. cati : OR 2.659, 95% CI 1.622-4.361; hookworms: OR 3.144, 95% CI 1.285-7.691; A. abstrusus OR 3.558, 95% CI 1.354-9.354). Significant predictors for ectoparasite infections included living in a colony (OR 1.612, 95%CI 1.114-2.334), exclusive (OR 4.497, 95% CI 2.764-7.318) or predominantly (OR 3.197 95% CI 2.084-4.905) outdoor lifestyle. Discussion The study provides a comprehensive look at the endo- and ectoparasites affecting Italian cats, throughout a 15-month study period. Even though monthly recruitment was brusquely interrupted due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nearly 1,000 cats were analyzed. Importantly, laboratory analyses were carried out according to standardized protocols which were followed by all centers, thus reducing the risk of variability associated with different test sensitivities/specificities. The present study also applied univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate overall risk for endoparasites or ectoparasites and for the most common helminths and arthropods observed. Results show that feline endo- and ecto-parasites are widespread in Italy, with varying prevalence across the different regions. Approximately 55.0% (539/987) of cats from the present study were infected with at least one internal or external parasite. This compares well with results from [ 1 ] that evaluated parasite infection of the European owned cat population, demonstrating that more than half (50.7%) of the cats studied were infected with one or more endo- and/or ectoparasites. Among gastro-intestinal helminths, T. cati was the most frequently found (25.6% of enrolled cats). This is higher than that reported by a previous Italian multicenter study [ 4 ], which highlighted a prevalence of 21.6%, and also higher than the mean European prevalence value reported in 2017 by [ 2 ] (14.5%). The prevalence is, however, in line with other surveys conducted in Italy [ 5 , 6 ]. In the present study, risk for T. cati infection included age (< 5 years of age), an exclusively outdoor lifestyle and living in Southern Italy. Pre- and perinatal transmission and age immunity are well-known for Toxocara spp., while outdoor access favors exposure to both highly resistant eggs contaminating the environment and to paratenic hosts [ 20 ].Warmer climatic conditions in Southern Italy and islands likely seems to increase the presence and persistence of infective stages of the parasite. Surprisingly, hookworms were the second most frequent group of nematodes diagnosed in the study population (9.9%). Giannelli et al. [ 2 ] reported a mean prevalence of 4.5%, while [ 4 ] reported a prevalence of 4.9%. In the present study, hookworm infection was associated with gender (females were at increased risk), predominantly outdoor access, living in Southern Italy and lack of anthelmintic treatment. Age was not a significant risk predictor. Indeed, it is assumed that there is no transmammary transmission of hookworms from the queen to her kittens [ 21 ] As mentioned above, warmer climatic conditions in Southern Italy may increase the presence and persistence of infective stages of hookworms. For transmission to occur, hookworms need to develop into infective larvae in the soil from eggs passed in the host’s stool and higher temperature and humidity (tropical and subtropical climates) provide an adequate environment for this growth stage [ 22 ]. The feline lungworm A. abstrusus was present in 7.7% of analysed cats. Mean prevalence in Europe according to [ 2 ] was 8.2%, while recent data from Italy [ 4 ] reported a prevalence of 10.3%. Multivariate analysis indicated exclusively outdoor lifestyle, living in Southern Italy and lack of anthelmintic treatment as significant risk factors for A. abstrusus . Outdoor access has been reported previously as an important risk factor for A. abstrusus [ 23 ]. While the geographical distribution of feline lungworms tends to be patchy but stable in endemic hotspots [ 2 ], interpretation of geographical location as a risk factor should be done with caution and any geographic location reporting autochthonous circulation of the parasite should be considered potentially endemic. Traversa et al. [ 4 ] reported a 20.0% prevalence of A. abstrusus in Piedmont, while in the present study only 1.2% of cats were infected. Giannelli et al. [ 2 ] reported that 16.7% of cats from the province of Bari were infected with A. abstrusus , while in the present study the prevalence was 2.4%. Values from provinces of Sassari (SS) and Messina (ME), on the other hand, were higher in the present study (20.9% and 22.4%, respectively) (Table 2), compared to data reported by [ 2 ] (11.6% and 15.3%, respectively), but lower than that reported by [ 24 ] in a previous study in Sardinia. Interestingly, univariate analysis showed cats > 5 years of age had significantly higher prevalence for A. abstrusus , but age was not confirmed as a risk factor following multivariate evaluation. As expected, larvae of T. brevior were found mostly in cats from Southern regions. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that, in the present study, this potentially fatal metastrongyloid was also found in two cats in Northern Italy, indicating an apparent northward geographical expansion. Mini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC was shown to be user-friendly and safe, with a wide diagnostic range. These features are particularly useful for monitoring and control programs in which large numbers of fecal samples need to be processed rapidly and safely. The harmonized use of the Mini-FLOTAC technique allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of parasite load without the need for specialized equipment. Fleas were the most common ectoparasite found in the present study (29.4%). Cooper et al. [ 25 ] reported similar prevalence values in a recent nationwide study in the United Kingdom. Beugnet et al. [ 1 ] reported prevalence values ranging from 3.6% in Bari to 31.4% in Naples. None of the study centers in the present study reported values less than 14.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that infestation was associated with young age (< 1 year), living in a colony, predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle, living in Central and Southern Italy and lack of ectoparasitic treatment. Cooper et al. [ 25 ] have reported geographical differences (prevalence declining from South to North in UK) and no treatment as significant predictors of risk for flea infestation. Beugnet et al. [ 1 ] identified outdoor access as the only risk factor in multivariate analysis. The ear mite O. cynotis was present in 9.8% of enrolled cats. Beugnet et al. [ 1 ] reported prevalence values of 40.3% in cats from Bari and 21.8% in cats from the area of Naples. In Tuscany (central Italy), O. cynotis was identified in 66.1% cats with otitis externa [ 26 ]. Age < 1 year, living in a colony, having a predominantly outdoor lifestyle and coming from Central Italy were all factors identified as increasing risk of ear mite infection in cats. O. cynotis is transmitted by direct contact and is highly contagious. Young cats are more playful and likely have more direct contact with other cats. The main limitation of the present study is the potential effect of bias, based on inclusion criteria. Indeed, similar to a previous multicenter study [ 1 ], here only cats that had not received antiparasitic treatment in the previous three months were enrolled. Furthermore, outdoor access was necessary for enrolment. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the fact that both ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy. Interestingly, of the 239 cats with a predominantly indoor lifestyle, 31.8% were affected by endo-ectoparasites, suggesting that parasiticide treatment is more important than lifestyle. Therefore, given the zoonotic consideration and the clinical importance, it is strongly advisable to promote effective and regular parasite control in cats, with adequate frequencies of treatment for both internal and external parasites. It is interesting to note that there was no month in which endo- ectoparasites could not be found, suggesting that cats can be infected all year round. This would imply that parasite infection should not be considered seasonal, but that control should be year-round. However, only 23.8% of the cats had received at least one treatment against endoparasites in the past year, while only 33.6% of the cats had received treatment against ectoparasites in the past year. The European Council for the Control of Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) recommends “year-round, life-long” parasite control. Many privately–owned cats spend a significant amount of time outdoors and are exposed to parasites. Practitioners need to inform their clients of the risks and recommend periodic anti-parasitic treatment. Interestingly, Southern Italy continues to show higher prevalence of parasite infection in cats. This may be due to climatic, social or economic factors and practitioners working in these areas should be particularly attentive. Finally, zoonotic parasites and vectors of human disease are still widespread in cats, confirming the need to protect the human-animal bond and the application of the One-Health concept. Abbreviations GI: gastro-intestinal nematodes BP: bronco-pulmonary Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The cats’ owners signed an informed consent authorizing the use of faeces and hair for the study. Consent for publication Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Availability of data and material All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Funding This study was funded by MSD-AH srl, Via Flli. Cervi snc, Centro Direzionale Milano Due, Palazzo Canova, 20090 Segrate Milano (ref. Liliana Colombo) Authors' contributions Study technical manager and monitor: Arcoblu srl, Via Alessandro Milesi, 5, 20133 Milano (ref. Fabrizio Solari Basano). Study coordinators: Prof. Marco Genchi and Prof. Laura Kramer, Dept. di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma. Experiments were conceived and designed by all authors. Sampling was done by all authors. Experiments were performed by all authors. The data were analyzed by MG and FSB. Statistical analyses were performed by FSB. 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New insights on metastrongyloidt. lungworms infecting cats of Sardinia, Italy Vet Par. 2014; 203(1–2). Cooper AR, Nixon E, Rose Vineer H, Abdullah S, Newbury H, Wall R. Fleas infesting cats and dogs in Great Britain: spatial distribution of infestation risk and its relation to treatment. Med Vet Entomol. 2020;34(4):452–8. Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Fratini F, Mannella R, Pinferi G, Mancianti F, Finotello R, Perrucci S. Malassezia, mites and bacteria in the external ear canal of dogs and cats with otitis externa. Slov Vet Res. 2014;51(3):113–8. Tables Table 1. Features of studied population (counts and percentages) Sex Male Female 492 (49.8%) 495 (50.2) Status Non sterilized Sterilized 438 (44.4%) 549 (55.6%) Provenance Shelter Colony Privately-owned 29 (2.9%) 275 (27.9%) 683 (69.2%) Lifestyle Predominantly indoor Predominatly outdoor Exclusively outdoor 239 (24.2%) 423 (42.9%) 325 (32.9%) Geographical area North Central South 331 (33.5%) 223 (22.6%) 433 (43.9%) Age 5 y 277 (28.1%) 467 (47.3%) 243 (24.6%) Table 2 Prevalence (%), positive cats, of endo-ectoparasites reported from the 13 Study Centers in Italy. TO: Tourin, MI: Milan, PD: Padua, PR: Parma, BO: Bologna, PI: Pisa, PG: Perugia, TE: Teramo, BA: Bari, CZ: Catanzaro, NA: Naples, SS: Sassari, ME: Messina Gastrointestinal parasites North Central South Study Centers TO MI PD PR BO PI PG TE BA CZ NA SS ME TOT N. cats 85 84 64 84 14 49 89 85 84 84 89 91 85 987 Toxocara cati 8 21 19 12 8 14 11 16 15 37 29 28 35 253 Prevalence 9.4 25.0 29.7 14.3 57.1 28.6 12.4 18.8 17.9 44.0 32.6 30.8 41.2 25.6 Toxascaris leonina 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 9 Prevalence 4.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.9 Hookworms 1 2 5 12 0 0 1 6 4 12 9 32 14 98 Prevalence 1.2 2.4 7.8 14.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 7.1 4.8 14.3 10.1 35.2 16.5 9.9 Spirocerca lupi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Physaloptera spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Strongyloides stercoralis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Cystoisospora felis 6 4 0 5 0 2 7 9 6 13 17 23 9 101 Prevalence 7.1 4.8 0.0 6.0 0.0 4.1 7.9 10.6 7.1 15.5 19.1 25.3 10.6 10.2 Cystoisospora rivolta 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 8 2 0 14 Prevalence 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 9.0 2.2 0.0 1.4 Giardia duodenalis 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 4 0 11 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 4.4 0.0 1.1 Dipylidium caninum 0 0 0 1 2 1 8 1 0 13 2 0 5 33 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 14.3 2.0 9.0 1.2 0.0 15.5 2.2 0.0 5.9 3.3 Taenia taeniformis 0 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 2 13 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.3 Mesocestoides spp . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 Lung parasites North Central South Study Centers TO MI PD PR BO PI PG TE BA CZ NA SS ME TOT N. cats 85 84 64 84 14 49 89 85 84 84 89 91 85 987 Aelurostrong abstrusus 1 4 3 0 0 0 5 6 2 1 16 19 19 76 Prevalence 1.2 4.8 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 7.1 2.4 1.2 18.0 20.9 22.4 7.7 Troglostrongylus brevior 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 1 0 4 2 0 12 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 3.5 1.2 0.0 4.5 2.2 0.0 1.2 Capillaria aerophila 1 3 3 2 0 0 1 7 1 0 1 2 1 22 Prevalence 1.2 3.6 4.7 2.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 8.2 1.2 0.0 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.2 Ectoparasites North Central South Study Centers TO MI PD PR BO PI PG TE BA CZ NA SS ME TOT N. cats 85 84 64 84 14 49 89 85 84 84 89 91 85 987 Flea 16 12 17 14 6 25 23 13 32 15 28 45 44 290 Prevalence 18.8 14.3 26.6 16.7 42.9 51.0 25.8 15.3 38.1 17.9 31.5 49.5 51.8 29.4 Ticks 2 2 2 3 3 10 1 2 1 2 0 5 0 33 Prevalence 2.4 2.4 3.1 3.6 21.4 20.4 1.1 2.4 1.2 2.4 0.0 5.5 0.0 3.3 Lices 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 8 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 3.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.8 Otodectes cynotis 3 1 6 5 1 7 34 3 14 2 14 3 4 97 Prevalence 3.5 1.2 9.4 6.0 7.1 14.3 38.2 3.5 16.7 2.4 15.7 3.3 4.7 9.8 Notoedres cati 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 5 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.2 0.0 1.2 0.5 Trombicula autumnalis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 Cheyletiella spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 Demodex spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Thelazia spp. 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 Prevalence 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 Table 3. Multivariable regression analyses for Endoparasites. (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 27.0.). Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. 1. Endoparasite infection Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Female 0.047 1.331 (1.003 - 1.765) Age (<1Y) 0.000 3.953 (2.587 - 6.041) Age (1-5Y) 0.000 2.198 (1.483- 3.258) Exclusively outdoor 0.000 3.515 (2.223- 5.560) South 0.000 2.052 (1.476- 2.853) No treatment 0.018 1.517 (1.074- 2.143) 2. Toxocara cati Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Age (<1Y) 0.000 7.834 (4.609-13.314) Age (1-5Y) 0.000 3.382 (2.021-5.661) Exclusively outdoor 0.000 2.659 (1.622-4.361) South 0.018 1.542 (1.076-2.208) 3. Hookworms Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Female 0.001 2.218 (1.390-3.537) Predominantly outdoor 0.012 3.144 (1.285-7.691) South 0.000 3.277 (1.874-5.730) No treatment 0.006 2.472 (1.300-4.700) 4. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Significant Predictor of Risk P value OR (95% CI) Exclusively outdoor 0.010 3.558 (1.354-9.354) South 0.000 5.480 (2.498-12.024) No treatment 0.020 2.440 (1.154- 5.160) Table 4 Multivariable analyses for Ectoparasites. 1. Ectoparasite infection Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Age (<1Y) 0.000 2.290 (1.518-3.455) Colony 0.011 1.612 (1.114-2.334) Predominantly outdoor 0.000 3.197 (2.084 -4.905) Exclusively outdoor 0.000 4.497 (2.764 -7.318) Central 0.001 1.962 (1.320 - 2.916) South 0.001 1.757 (1.256-2.458) 2. Fleas Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Age (<1Y) 0.017 1.699 (1.099-2.626) Colony 0.049 1.459 (1.001-2.125) Predominantly outdoor 0.000 3.294 (2.024 -5.361) Exclusively outdoor 0.000 5.092 (2.974-8.718) Central 0.030 1.606 (1.046 -2.465) South 0.000 2.069 (1.448 – 2.958) No treatment 0.002 1.725 (1.215-2.449) 3. Otodectes cynotis Significant Predictor of risk P value OR (95% CI) Age (< 1y) 0.017 2.377 (1.164 – 4.854) Colony 0.000 3.232 (1.801 – 5.803) Predominantly outdoor 0.030 2.193 (1.077-4.462) Central 0.000 4.526 (2.652 – 7.724) Supplementary Files graphicalabstract.png App.1Enrolment1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 11 Jun, 2021 Review # 2 received at journal 10 Jun, 2021 Review # 1 received at journal 09 Jun, 2021 Review # 3 received at journal 02 Jun, 2021 Reviewer # 3 agreed at journal 31 May, 2021 Reviews received at journal 27 May, 2021 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 27 May, 2021 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 27 May, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 25 May, 2021 Editor invited by journal 25 May, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 24 May, 2021 Submission checks completed at journal 24 May, 2021 First submitted to journal 24 May, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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19:25:22","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":237126,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"graphicalabstract.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558064/v1/c0fd369de742fd347292e24e.png"},{"id":9727244,"identity":"948f7e2a-b0c0-43fe-917b-8248cd1126b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-28 19:28:22","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":32207,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"App.1Enrolment1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558064/v1/e62da1c4fbc6557026e3d669.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMulticentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":" \u003cp\u003eNumerous parasites infect domestic cats. Among these, helminths of the gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory system can cause severe disease if parasite loads are heavy, while different arthropods can cause skin disease and allergy. Subclinical infection is of equal concern given the zoonotic nature of several feline helminths and the capacity of fleas and ticks to transmit pathogens to cats, other animals and humans. Recent multicenter studies in both Europe and Italy, have been carried out to define the current status of endo- and ectoparasite infections of cats [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. According to these, infections are widespread and depend on various risk factors, including lifestyle, geographical area and frequency of anti-parasitic treatment. Most studies on prevalence, distribution and risk factors for feline parasites in Italy have been carried out in central and southern areas of the country [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticenter studies provide useful information on distribution and risk of parasite infection. However, few apply the same, standard diagnostic protocols for each center, thus compromising reliability of results. Indeed, it has been reported that different copro-microscopic techniques have differing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes. The Mini-FLOTAC technique [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e] has been recently demonstrated to be a highly sensitive method for diagnosing parasitic infections of human and veterinary importance where larvae or ova of parasites are shed in the faeces [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR9 CR10\" citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonality of parasite infection in cats has been evaluated mostly from retrospective, longitudinal studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. It is possible that sampling and analysis over a fixed period of time may give more useful information on the current effects of season on parasite prevalence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aims of the present multicenter study were therefore to: (i) determine the current prevalence of feline endo and \u0026ndash;ectoparasites throughout Italy by recruitment of cats from all regions; (ii) evaluate seasonal trends by recruiting a set number of cats each month consecutively over a 12-month period; (iii) use standardized diagnostic methods in order to eliminate variables associated with differences in test sensitivities/specificities/accuracy; (iv) identify those factors that significantly increase the risk of infection.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnimals and study period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study began in July 2019 and ended in September 2020. Thirteen University study centers participated, and each had a recruitment target of 7 cats/month for 12 months, for a total of 84 cats/center. Each cat could only be included in the study once, with no more than 2 cats from the same home/shelter/colony sampled.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnrollment and sample collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria included: outdoor access; no antiparasitic treatment (endo and/or ecto) in the 3 months prior to enrollment and signed informed consent.\u0026nbsp; Exclusion criteria included: no outdoor access; antiparasitic treatment (endo and/or ecto) in the 3 months prior to enrollment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach study center was supplied with: tubes (15 ml) pre-filled with 80% ethanol; flea combs and zip-lock bags; 1 Mini-FLOTAC kit Fill-FLOTAC [14] containing 4 Mini-FLOTAC and 4 Fill-FLOTAC devices (200 tests); instructions for material collection, conservation and analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt enrollment, general information, inclusion criteria, clinical observations, frequency of antiparasitic treatments in the previous 12 months, and eventual signs of ecto-parasitic infection were recorded, and online data collection sheet filled (Supplementary Material Table S1). Any observed ticks/nits (lice) were collected and stored in 80% ethanol pre-filled tubes. Each cat was combed with a flea comb for 5 minutes and collected material was stored in the zip-lock plastic bag at +4\u0026deg;C. Owners were asked to submit at least 7 grams of fresh faeces, which were collected, examined for the eventual presence of proglottids and stored at +4\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaboratory analyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll collected material was analyzed at the University laboratories of the 13 study centers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaterial collected with flea combs was examined under a stereomicroscope and the presence of flea/flea debris recorded. Faeces were examined for the presence of proglottids and identified according to [15].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMini-FLOTAC copromicroscopic examination was carried out on 2 g of faeces in 18 ml of NaCl floating solution (s.g 1200) according to the protocol described in [7]. Minimum/maximum eggs/oocysts/cyst per gram of feces (EPG/OPG/CPG) were calculated. The Baermann test was carried out on 5 g of faeces and examined approximately 12 hours later, according to [16]. \u0026nbsp;Larvae were identified according to [17] and [18].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy center reference personnel was asked to register with the Castor\u003csup\u003e\u0026reg;\u003c/sup\u003e EDC\u003csup\u003e\u0026reg;\u003c/sup\u003e database [19], managed by the study monitor. Each reference personnel had her/his own login credentials. Results were transcribed into the database, preferably within several days of receipt and analyses.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical Analyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-square tests were carried out to evaluate the association between positivity for at least one endo-/ectoparasite infection, \u003cem\u003eToxocara cati, \u003c/em\u003ehookworms, \u003cem\u003eAelurostrongylus abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e, fleas, and \u003cem\u003eOtodectes cynotis \u003c/em\u003eand the following categorical variables: sex, geographical area (North, Central, South), life style (exclusive outdoor/predominantly outdoor/predominantly indoor), provenance (privately-owned, shelter, colony), age (\u0026lt; 1 year, 1-5 years, \u0026gt; 5years), antiparasitic treatment in the previous year (yes/no).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelationships between infection and the variables (\u0026ldquo;predictors\u0026rdquo;) was analyzed by multivariable regression analysis applying a stepwise backward elimination methods (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 27.0.). Statistical significance was set at \u0026alpha; = 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy population \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSevere restrictions on movement/activity were put into place to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (March-2020 \u0026ldquo;lockdown\u0026rdquo;), which resulted in a decrease/lack of cat enrollment on the part of many centers from March 2020 to May 2020 leading to an extension of the study for a further 2 months. A total of 987 cats were enrolled.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCats were evenly distributed regarding sex. Approximately half the study population (47.3%) was within the age range of 1-5 years, with the remaining evenly distributed between \u0026lt; 1 year (28.1%) and \u0026gt; 5 years of age (24.6%). Over 40% of enrolled cats were from Southern Italy and 69.2% were privately-owned cats. Over 75.8% of the study population lived predominantly outdoor/exclusively outdoor (Table 1). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost cats, including privately owned animals, had not received anti-parasitic treatment in the year before enrollment. Overall, 539/987 (54.6%) cats from the present study were infected with one or more parasites. Moreover, 13.7% (135/987) had at least two endoparasites and 7.4% (73/987) had at least two arthropod infestations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEndoparasites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall prevalence of GI and BP nematodes was 35.9% (354/987).\u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e was the most common (76/987; 7.7%), while \u003cem\u003eCapillaria aerophila (Eucoleus aerophilus\u003c/em\u003e; 22/987; 2.2%) and \u003cem\u003eTroglostrongylus\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003ebrevior \u003c/em\u003e(12/987; 1.2%) were much less frequently found (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Among GI protozoa, \u003cem\u003eCystoisospora felis\u003c/em\u003e was the most common (101/987; 10.2%\u003cem\u003e) \u003c/em\u003ewhile the other species were uncommon (Figure 1 and Table 2). Based on macroscopic examination of proglottids [15], taeniidae were rarely found (\u003cem\u003eDipylidium caninum\u003c/em\u003e 3.3%, \u003cem\u003eTaenia taeniaeformis \u003c/em\u003e1.3%, \u003cem\u003eMesocestoides\u003c/em\u003e spp. 0.1%) (Fig. 1 and Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the 35.9% cats positive for any GI or BP nematodes, 20.1% were female and 15.8% were male. Of the female cats analyzed, 40.0% were positive for endoparasite infection, while of the male cats analyzed, 31.7% showed endoparasites and this difference was statistically significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e=0.007). In addition, when compared to males, females had significantly higher prevalence values for \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e (28.5% vs. 22.8%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.04) and hookworms (13.5% vs. 6.3%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColony cats had significantly higher prevalence of endoparasite infections (45.5%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) compared to both shelter (31.0%) and privately-owned cats (32.2%).\u0026nbsp; Infection with \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus \u003c/em\u003eand hookworms was significantly higher in colony and shelter cats (15.3% and 10.3%, respectively; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) compared to privately-owned cats (4.5%), while prevalence of \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e infection was comparable among the colony/shelter/privately owned cats. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall prevalence of endoparasite infection was significantly higher in cats \u0026lt;1 year (49.8%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) and in cats between 1-5 years of age (36.8%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001), with \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e infection significantly more frequent in cats \u0026lt; 1 year of age (42.6%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) compared to the other age groups (1-5 years: 24.6%; \u0026gt; 5 years: 8.2%). \u0026nbsp;Infection with hookworms was significantly more frequent in cats between 1-5 years (12.4%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.041) compared to the other age categories. Prevalence of \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e was significantly higher in cats \u0026lt; 1 year (9.7%) and between 1-5 years (8.6%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.023).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoccidiosis was more prevalent in younger cats, as is well known (20.6%). Prevalence of endoparasite infection was directly associated with the frequency of outdoor access. Cats with an exclusively outdoor lifestyle had significantly higher infection rates for \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e (14.5%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) compared to cats living predominantly outdoors or predominantly indoors (5.4% and 2.5%, respectively). Cats with a predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle had significantly higher prevalence values for \u003cem\u003eT. cati \u003c/em\u003e(\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.02) and hookworms (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). \u0026nbsp;Cats residing in the areas of Southern Italy had significantly higher prevalence values for \u003cem\u003eT. cati \u003c/em\u003e(\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001)\u003cem\u003e, \u003c/em\u003ehookworms (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) and\u003cem\u003e A. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.00).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonthly prevalence throughout the study was variable (Fig. 2), yet there was no month in which parasites were not observed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Minimum/maximum EPG/OPG/CPG results for helminths and protozoa were as follows: \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e (from 5 up to 750,000 EPG), \u003cem\u003eT. leonina \u003c/em\u003e(from 10 up to 950 EPG), hookworms (from 5 up to 8495 EPG), \u003cem\u003eC. aerophila \u003c/em\u003e(from 5 to 300 EPG), \u003cem\u003eC. felis\u003c/em\u003e (from 10 up to 21200 OPG), \u003cem\u003eC. rivolta\u003c/em\u003e (from 5 up to 21200 OPG), and \u003cem\u003eG. duodenalis\u003c/em\u003e (from 10 up to 550 CPG).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEctoparasites \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas (\u003cem\u003eC. felis felis\u003c/em\u003e) 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis \u003c/em\u003e9.8% (97/987). Tick infestation (\u003cem\u003eIxodes\u003c/em\u003e spp, \u003cem\u003eRhipicephalus \u003c/em\u003espp\u003cem\u003e.) \u003c/em\u003ewas uncommon 3.3% (33/987), as was infection by other mites and lice (i.e.\u003cem\u003e Notoedres \u003c/em\u003e= 5/987, 0.5%; \u003cem\u003eTrombicula \u003c/em\u003e= 2/987, 0.2%; \u003cem\u003eCheyletiella\u003c/em\u003e = 1/987, 0.1%; lice = 8/987, 0.8%) (Fig. 3 and Table 2). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the total cat population analysed, prevalence values for ectoparasites were comparable between males (17.3%) and females (18.3%). Of females analysed, 36.6% were infected and of males analysed, 34.8% had ectoparasites. Overall prevalence of flea infestation for the 987 cats recruited was of 14.5% in females vs\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e 14.9% in males, and for \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e 5.7% vs. 4.2%. Considering gender specifically, 28.9% of examined females were infected with fleas and 11.3% with \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e, while 29.9% and 8.3% of males were infected, respectively with the two ectoparasites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColony cats had significantly higher overall prevalence of ectoparasites (53.5% vs. 31.0% and 28.7%, respectively) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001), fleas (46.5% vs. 24.1% vs. 22.7%) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) and ear mites (17.5% vs. 3.4% vs. 7.8%) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001), compared to shelter and privately-owned cats. The same was observed for cats with a predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle (35.5% and 51.4% vs.14.6% indoor lifestyle) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall prevalence for ectoparasite infection was significantly higher in cats \u0026lt;1 year (45.8%) and between 1-5 years (35.5%) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt;0.001) compared to cats \u0026gt; 5 years of age (24.3%). Flea infestation was significantly more prevalent in cats \u0026lt; 1 year (36.5%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) and between 1-5 years (29.8%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) compared to older cats (20.6%). The same was observed for \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis,\u003c/em\u003e which showed significantly higher prevalence cats \u0026lt; 1 year of age (12.3%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.02) and between 1-5 years (10.7%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e =0.02) (cats \u0026gt; 5 years 5.3%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence of ectoparasites was significantly higher in cats from Central (37.7%) and Southern (42.7%) Italy (compared to North) (25.1%) (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). \u0026nbsp;Interestingly, prevalence of \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e infection was significantly higher (19.7%; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) in cats from Central Italy compared to the North (4.8%) and South (8.5%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonthly prevalence throughout the study was variable (Fig. 4). Only 23.8% of the cats had received at least one treatment against endoparasites in the past year, while only 33.6% of the cats had received treatment against ectoparasites in the past year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRisk factors for endo-ectoparasites infestation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant risk factors as determined from univariate analysis were entered in the multivariable logistic regression model, to address possible confounding factors and to compute adjusted odds ratios. Tables 3 and 4 report results of multivariate analysis, which considered overall prevalence of endoparasite infection, overall prevalence of ectoparasite infection, and prevalence of the most common endoparasites (\u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e, hookworms and \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e) and ectoparasites (fleas and \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e) as dependent variables and sex, age, provenance, lifestyle, geographical area and anti-parasitic treatment as predictors. Results highlighted that age was predictive for \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e infection, with cats under 1 year of age (OR 7.834, 95% CI 4.609-13.314) and between 1-5 years (OR 3.382, 95% CI 22.021-5.661), but not for hookworms or \u003cem\u003eA. abtrusus\u003c/em\u003e. Outdoor lifestyle put cats at higher risk for all three nematodes (\u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e: OR 2.659, 95% CI 1.622-4.361; hookworms: OR 3.144, 95% CI 1.285-7.691; \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e OR 3.558, 95% CI 1.354-9.354). Significant predictors for ectoparasite infections included living in a colony (OR 1.612, 95%CI 1.114-2.334), exclusive (OR 4.497, 95% CI 2.764-7.318) or predominantly (OR 3.197 95% CI 2.084-4.905) outdoor lifestyle.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":" \u003cp\u003eThe study provides a comprehensive look at the endo- and ectoparasites affecting Italian cats, throughout a 15-month study period. Even though monthly recruitment was brusquely interrupted due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, nearly 1,000 cats were analyzed. Importantly, laboratory analyses were carried out according to standardized protocols which were followed by all centers, thus reducing the risk of variability associated with different test sensitivities/specificities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study also applied univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate overall risk for endoparasites or ectoparasites and for the most common helminths and arthropods observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults show that feline endo- and ecto-parasites are widespread in Italy, with varying prevalence across the different regions. Approximately 55.0% (539/987) of cats from the present study were infected with at least one internal or external parasite. This compares well with results from [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] that evaluated parasite infection of the European owned cat population, demonstrating that more than half (50.7%) of the cats studied were infected with one or more endo- and/or ectoparasites.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong gastro-intestinal helminths, \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e was the most frequently found (25.6% of enrolled cats). This is higher than that reported by a previous Italian multicenter study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e], which highlighted a prevalence of 21.6%, and also higher than the mean European prevalence value reported in 2017 by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] (14.5%). The prevalence is, however, in line with other surveys conducted in Italy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, risk for \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e infection included age (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5 years of age), an exclusively outdoor lifestyle and living in Southern Italy. Pre- and perinatal transmission and age immunity are well-known for \u003cem\u003eToxocara\u003c/em\u003e spp., while outdoor access favors exposure to both highly resistant eggs contaminating the environment and to paratenic hosts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].Warmer climatic conditions in Southern Italy and islands likely seems to increase the presence and persistence of infective stages of the parasite.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurprisingly, hookworms were the second most frequent group of nematodes diagnosed in the study population (9.9%). Giannelli et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] reported a mean prevalence of 4.5%, while [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] reported a prevalence of 4.9%. In the present study, hookworm infection was associated with gender (females were at increased risk), predominantly outdoor access, living in Southern Italy and lack of anthelmintic treatment. Age was not a significant risk predictor. Indeed, it is assumed that there is no transmammary transmission of hookworms from the queen to her kittens [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs mentioned above, warmer climatic conditions in Southern Italy may increase the presence and persistence of infective stages of hookworms. For transmission to occur, hookworms need to develop into infective larvae in the soil from eggs passed in the host\u0026rsquo;s stool and higher temperature and humidity (tropical and subtropical climates) provide an adequate environment for this growth stage [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe feline lungworm \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e was present in 7.7% of analysed cats. Mean prevalence in Europe according to [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] was 8.2%, while recent data from Italy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] reported a prevalence of 10.3%. Multivariate analysis indicated exclusively outdoor lifestyle, living in Southern Italy and lack of anthelmintic treatment as significant risk factors for \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e. Outdoor access has been reported previously as an important risk factor for \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. While the geographical distribution of feline lungworms tends to be patchy but stable in endemic hotspots [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], interpretation of geographical location as a risk factor should be done with caution and any geographic location reporting autochthonous circulation of the parasite should be considered potentially endemic. Traversa et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] reported a 20.0% prevalence of \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e in Piedmont, while in the present study only 1.2% of cats were infected. Giannelli et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] reported that 16.7% of cats from the province of Bari were infected with \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e, while in the present study the prevalence was 2.4%. Values from provinces of Sassari (SS) and Messina (ME), on the other hand, were higher in the present study (20.9% and 22.4%, respectively) (Table\u0026nbsp;2), compared to data reported by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] (11.6% and 15.3%, respectively), but lower than that reported by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] in a previous study in Sardinia. Interestingly, univariate analysis showed cats\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 years of age had significantly higher prevalence for \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e, but age was not confirmed as a risk factor following multivariate evaluation. As expected, larvae of \u003cem\u003eT. brevior\u003c/em\u003e were found mostly in cats from Southern regions. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that, in the present study, this potentially fatal metastrongyloid was also found in two cats in Northern Italy, indicating an apparent northward geographical expansion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMini-FLOTAC in combination with Fill-FLOTAC was shown to be user-friendly and safe, with a wide diagnostic range. These features are particularly useful for monitoring and control programs in which large numbers of fecal samples need to be processed rapidly and safely. The harmonized use of the Mini-FLOTAC technique allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of parasite load without the need for specialized equipment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFleas were the most common ectoparasite found in the present study (29.4%). Cooper et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] reported similar prevalence values in a recent nationwide study in the United Kingdom. Beugnet et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] reported prevalence values ranging from 3.6% in Bari to 31.4% in Naples. None of the study centers in the present study reported values less than 14.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that infestation was associated with young age (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year), living in a colony, predominantly/exclusively outdoor lifestyle, living in Central and Southern Italy and lack of ectoparasitic treatment. Cooper et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] have reported geographical differences (prevalence declining from South to North in UK) and no treatment as significant predictors of risk for flea infestation. Beugnet et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] identified outdoor access as the only risk factor in multivariate analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ear mite \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e was present in 9.8% of enrolled cats. Beugnet et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] reported prevalence values of 40.3% in cats from Bari and 21.8% in cats from the area of Naples. In Tuscany (central Italy), \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e was identified in 66.1% cats with otitis externa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Age\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year, living in a colony, having a predominantly outdoor lifestyle and coming from Central Italy were all factors identified as increasing risk of ear mite infection in cats. \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis\u003c/em\u003e is transmitted by direct contact and is highly contagious. Young cats are more playful and likely have more direct contact with other cats.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main limitation of the present study is the potential effect of bias, based on inclusion criteria. Indeed, similar to a previous multicenter study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], here only cats that had not received antiparasitic treatment in the previous three months were enrolled. Furthermore, outdoor access was necessary for enrolment.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusions","content":" \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study highlight the fact that both ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy. Interestingly, of the 239 cats with a predominantly indoor lifestyle, 31.8% were affected by endo-ectoparasites, suggesting that parasiticide treatment is more important than lifestyle. Therefore, given the zoonotic consideration and the clinical importance, it is strongly advisable to promote effective and regular parasite control in cats, with adequate frequencies of treatment for both internal and external parasites.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is interesting to note that there was no month in which endo- ectoparasites could not be found, suggesting that cats can be infected all year round. This would imply that parasite infection should not be considered seasonal, but that control should be year-round. However, only 23.8% of the cats had received at least one treatment against endoparasites in the past year, while only 33.6% of the cats had received treatment against ectoparasites in the past year.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe European Council for the Control of Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) recommends \u0026ldquo;year-round, life-long\u0026rdquo; parasite control. Many privately\u0026ndash;owned cats spend a significant amount of time outdoors and are exposed to parasites. Practitioners need to inform their clients of the risks and recommend periodic anti-parasitic treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterestingly, Southern Italy continues to show higher prevalence of parasite infection in cats. This may be due to climatic, social or economic factors and practitioners working in these areas should be particularly attentive.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, zoonotic parasites and vectors of human disease are still widespread in cats, confirming the need to protect the human-animal bond and the application of the One-Health concept.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":" \u003cp\u003eGI: gastro-intestinal nematodes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBP: bronco-pulmonary\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cats\u0026rsquo; owners signed an informed consent authorizing the use of faeces and hair for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of data and material\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by MSD-AH srl, Via Flli. Cervi snc, Centro Direzionale Milano Due, Palazzo Canova, 20090 Segrate Milano (ref. Liliana Colombo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy technical manager and monitor: Arcoblu srl, Via Alessandro Milesi, 5, 20133 Milano (ref. Fabrizio Solari Basano).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy coordinators: Prof. Marco Genchi and Prof. Laura Kramer, Dept. di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Universit\u0026agrave; degli Studi di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExperiments were conceived and designed by all authors. Sampling was done by all authors. Experiments were performed by all authors. The data were analyzed by MG and FSB. Statistical analyses were performed by FSB. The manuscript was written by LK, MG and AV and critically revised by all authors. \u0026nbsp;All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank Dr. Chiara Cattabiani for assisting with parasitological analyses in Parma; Dr. Silvia Carta, Dr. Antonio Viglietti, Dr. Paola Fois and Prof. Antonio Scala for collaborating at sampling and parasitological analysis in Sardinia; Dr. Antonio Bosco and Dr. Lavinia Ciuca (University of Napoli).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeugnet F, Bourdeau P, Chalvet-Monfray K, Cozma V, Farkas R, Guillot J, Halos L, Joachim A, Losson B, Mir\u0026oacute; G, Otranto D, Renaud M, Rinaldi L. Parasites of domestic owned cats in Europe: co-infestations and risk factors. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:291.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGiannelli A, Capelli G, Joachim A, Hinney B, Losson B, Kirkova Z, Ren\u0026eacute;-Martellet M, Papadopoulos E, Farkas R, Napoli E, Brianti E, Tamponi C, Varcasia A, Margarida Alho A, Madeira de Carvalho L, Cardoso L, Maia C, Mircean V, Mihalca AD, Mir\u0026oacute; G, Schnyder M, Cantacessi C, Colella V, Cavalera MA, Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Knaus M, Halos L, Beugnet F, Otranto D. Lungworms and gastrointestinal parasites of domestic cats: a European perspective. Int J Parasitol. 2017;47(9):517\u0026ndash;28.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCavalera MA, Schnyder M, Gueldner EK, Furlanello T, Iatta R, Brianti E, Strube C, Colella V, Otranto D. Serological survey and risk factors of \u003cem\u003eAelurostrongylus abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e infection among owned cats in Italy. Parasitol Res. 2019;118(8):2377\u0026ndash;82.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTraversa D, Morelli S, Cassini R, Crisi PE, Russi I, Grillotti E, Manzocchi S, Simonato G, Beraldo P, Viglietti A, De Tommaso C, Pezzuto C, Pampurini F, Schaper R. Frangipane di Regalbono A. Occurrence of canine and feline extra-intestinal nematodes in key endemic regions of Italy. Acta Trop. 2019;193:227\u0026ndash;35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRiggio F, Mannella R, Ariti G, Perrucci S. Intestinal and lung parasites in owned dogs and cats from central Italy. Vet Parasitol. 2013;193(1\u0026ndash;3):78\u0026ndash;84.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSauda F, Malandrucco L, De Liberato C, Perrucci S. Gastrointestinal parasites in shelter cats of central Italy. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2019;18:100321.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCringoli G, Maurelli MP, Levecke B, Bosco A, Vercruysse J, Utzinger J, Rinaldi L. The Mini-FLOTAC technique for the diagnosis of helminth and protozoan infections in humans and animals. Nat Protoc. 2017;12(9):1723\u0026ndash;32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmadesi A, Bosco A, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Claerebout E, Maurelli MP. Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):230.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCatalano S, Symeou A, Marsh KJ, Borlase A, L\u0026eacute;ger E, Fall CB, S\u0026egrave;ne M, Diouf ND, Ianniello D, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, B\u0026acirc; K, Webster JP. Mini-FLOTAC as an alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tool for \u003cem\u003eSchistosoma mansoni\u003c/em\u003e and other trematode infections in wildlife reservoirs. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12(1):439.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIanniello D, Pepe P, Alves LC, Ciuca L, Maurelli MP, Amadesi A, Bosco A, Musella V, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L. Why Use the Mini-FLOTAC to Detect Metastrongyloid Larvae in Dogs and Cats? Acta Parasitol. 2020;65(2):546\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u0026aacute;pravn\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; J, Petrt\u0026yacute;l M, Stupka R, Vadlejch J. Reliability of three common fecal egg counting techniques for detecting strongylid and ascarid infections in horses. Vet Parasitol. 2019;272:53\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorandi B, Greenwood SJ, Conboy GA, Galuppi R, Poglayen G, VanLeeuwen JA. Endoparasites in dogs and cats diagnosed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Prince Edward Island between 2000 and 2017. A large-scale retrospective study. Prev Vet Med. 2020;175:104878.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSweet S, Szlosek D, McCrann D, Coyne M, Kincaid D, Hegarty E. Retrospective analysis of feline intestinal parasites: trends in testing positivity by age, USA geographical region and reason for veterinary visit. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):473.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaurelli MP, Dourado Martins OM, Morgan ER, et al. A Qualitative Market Analysis Applied to Mini-FLOTAC and Fill-FLOTAC for Diagnosis of Helminth Infections in Ruminants. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:580649.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSoulsby ELJ. Helminth, arthropods, and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. London: Bailliere Tindal; 1982. p.\u0026nbsp;809.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBowman DD. Georgi\u0026rsquo;s Parasitology for Veterinarians. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1995. pp.\u0026nbsp;295\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVarcasia A, Brianti E, Tamponi C, Pipia AP, Cabras PA, Mereu M, Dantas-Torres F, Scala A, Otranto D. Simultaneous infection by four feline lungworm species and implications for the diagnosis. Parasitol Res. 2015;114(1):317\u0026ndash;21.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrianti E, Giannetto S, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D. Lungworms of the genus \u003cem\u003eTroglostrongylus\u003c/em\u003e (Strongylida: Crenosomatidae): neglected parasites for domestic cats. Vet Parasitol. 2014;28(3\u0026ndash;4):104\u0026ndash;12. 202(.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCastor EDC. (2019). Castor Electronic Data Capture. [online] Available at: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://castoredc.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorgan ER, Azam D, Pegler K. Quantifying sources of environmental contamination with \u003cem\u003eToxocara\u003c/em\u003e spp. Eggs Vet Parasitol. 2013;193(4):390\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEpe C. Intestinal nematodes: biology and control. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009;39(6):1091\u0026ndash;107.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRobertson ID, Thompson RC. Enteric parasitic zoonoses of domesticated dogs and cats. Microbes Infect. 2002;4(8):867\u0026ndash;73.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGueldner EK, Gilli U, Strube C, Schnyder M. Seroprevalence, biogeographic distribution and risk factors for \u003cem\u003eAelurostrongylus abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e infections in Swiss cats. Vet Parasitol. 2019;266:27\u0026ndash;33.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTamponi C, Varcasia A, Brianti E, Pipia AP, Frau V, Pinna Parpaglia ML, Sanna G, Garippa G, Otranto D, Scala A. New insights on metastrongyloidt. lungworms infecting cats of Sardinia, Italy Vet Par. 2014; 203(1\u0026ndash;2).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCooper AR, Nixon E, Rose Vineer H, Abdullah S, Newbury H, Wall R. Fleas infesting cats and dogs in Great Britain: spatial distribution of infestation risk and its relation to treatment. Med Vet Entomol. 2020;34(4):452\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNardoni S, Ebani VV, Fratini F, Mannella R, Pinferi G, Mancianti F, Finotello R, Perrucci S. Malassezia, mites and bacteria in the external ear canal of dogs and cats with otitis externa. Slov Vet Res. 2014;51(3):113\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Features of studied population (counts and percentages)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" width=\"110\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e492 (49.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e495 (50.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatus\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon sterilized\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSterilized\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e438 (44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e549 (55.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProvenance\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShelter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eColony\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrivately-owned\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e275 (27.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e683 (69.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLifestyle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredominantly indoor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePredominatly outdoor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e239 (24.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e423 (42.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e325 (32.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeographical area\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSouth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e331 (33.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e223 (22.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e433 (43.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; 1 y\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1-5 y\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt; 5 y\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e277 (28.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e467 (47.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e243 (24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 Prevalence (%), positive cats, of endo-ectoparasites reported from the 13 Study Centers in Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTO: Tourin, MI: Milan, PD: Padua, PR: Parma, BO: Bologna, PI: Pisa, PG: Perugia, TE: Teramo, BA: Bari, CZ: Catanzaro, NA: Naples, SS: Sassari, ME: Messina\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"609\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"15\" width=\"609\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGastrointestinal\u0026nbsp;parasites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"163\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"110\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"191\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSouth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Centers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCZ\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eME\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTOT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.\u0026nbsp;cats\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e987\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eToxocara\u0026nbsp;cati\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e253\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e41.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eToxascaris\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eleonina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHookworms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e98\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpirocerca\u0026nbsp;lupi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhysaloptera\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;spp.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eStrongyloides\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003estercoralis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCystoisospora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003efelis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e101\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCystoisospora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003erivolta\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eGiardia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eduodenalis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDipylidium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ecaninum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaenia\u0026nbsp;taeniformis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMesocestoides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003espp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"30\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"33\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"38\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"607\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"15\" width=\"607\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLung\u0026nbsp;parasites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"173\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"183\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSouth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Centers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCZ\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eME\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTOT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.\u0026nbsp;cats\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e987\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAelurostrong abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e76\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTroglostrongylus brevior\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCapillaria\u0026nbsp;aerophila\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e22\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"601\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"15\" width=\"601\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEctoparasites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"181\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"181\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSouth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Centers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCZ\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eME\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTOT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.\u0026nbsp;cats\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e987\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e290\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTicks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eOtodectes\u0026nbsp;cynotis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e97\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotoedres cati\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrombicula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eautumnalis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCheyletiella\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;spp.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDemodex \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003espp.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eThelazia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;spp.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevalence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"36\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Multivariable regression analyses for Endoparasites. (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 27.0.). Statistical significance was set at \u0026alpha; = 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Endoparasite infection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.331\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.003 - 1.765)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (\u0026lt;1Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.953\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.587 - 6.041)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (1-5Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.198\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.483- 3.258)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.515\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.223- 5.560)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.052\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.476- 2.853)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.517\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.074- 2.143)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.\u003cem\u003e Toxocara cati\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (\u0026lt;1Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.834\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (4.609-13.314)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (1-5Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.382\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.021-5.661)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.659\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.622-4.361)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.542\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.076-2.208)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Hookworms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.218\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.390-3.537)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePredominantly outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.144\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.285-7.691)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.277\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.874-5.730)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.472\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.300-4.700)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.\u003cem\u003e Aelurostrongylus abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of Risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.558\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.354-9.354)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.480\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.498-12.024)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.440\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.154- 5.160)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4 Multivariable analyses for Ectoparasites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Ectoparasite infection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (\u0026lt;1Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.290\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.518-3.455)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColony\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.612\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.114-2.334)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePredominantly outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.197\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.084 -4.905)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.497\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.764 -7.318)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentral\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.962\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.320 - 2.916)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.757\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.256-2.458)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Fleas\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (\u0026lt;1Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.699\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.099-2.626)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColony\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.459\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.001-2.125)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePredominantly outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.294\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.024 -5.361)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusively outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.092\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.974-8.718)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentral\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.606\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.046 -2.465)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSouth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.069\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.448 \u0026ndash; 2.958)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo treatment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.725\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.215-2.449)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. \u003cem\u003eOtodectes cynotis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSignificant Predictor of risk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge (\u0026lt; 1y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.377 (1.164 \u0026ndash; 4.854)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColony\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.232 (1.801 \u0026ndash; 5.803)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePredominantly outdoor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.193\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (1.077-4.462)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCentral\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"253\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.526\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; (2.652 \u0026ndash; 7.724)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"parasites-and-vectors","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"parv","sideBox":"Learn more about [Parasites \u0026 Vectors](http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13071","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13071/3","title":"Parasites \u0026 Vectors","twitterHandle":"@bugbittentweets","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"cat, parasites, Italy, prevalence, zoonosis, risk factors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-558064/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-558064/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eBackground\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParasites infecting cats include protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Many are also transmissible to humans. Effective control relies on knowledge of parasite distribution and risk factors for infection. The present study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of major feline parasites in Italy and risk factors associated with their occurrence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMethods\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOver a 12-month study period, thirteen study centers across Italy analyzed feces, hair and ectoparasites from naturally infected cats coming from feral colonies, shelters and private households. Samples from cats (n=987) were analyzed by all centers using the same diagnostic methods. Prevalence values and risk factors were evaluated statistically for identification of predictors of risk. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eResults\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal (GI) and bronco-pulmonary (BP) nematodes was 35.9% (354/987). \u003cem\u003eT. cati\u003c/em\u003e was the most prevalent species (253/987; 25.6%), followed by hookworms (98/987; 9.9%). Among BP nematodes, \u003cem\u003eA. abstrusus\u003c/em\u003e was the most common (76/987; 7.7%). Approximately 35.7% (352/987) of the study population was infested by ectoparasites. The most common were fleas 29.4% (290/987), followed by ear mites \u003cem\u003eO. cynotis \u003c/em\u003e9.8% (97/987).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePredictors of risk for parasite infection included age, a predominantly or exclusively outdoor lifestyle, geographic area and lack of anti-parasitic treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConclusion\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth ecto- and endoparasites are still common in cats throughout Italy, many of them being of zoonotic concern and vectors of pathogens to humans. Given the presence of parasites throughout the entire study period, year-round treatment should be considered. Furthermore, data confirm the need to protect the human-animal bond using proper endo- and ecto-parasiticides to reduce the risk of human infection, in application of the One-Health concept.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Multicentre Study of Endo-Ectoparasite Infection in Italian Cats","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-05-28 19:25:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-558064/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2021-06-11T14:48:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-06-11T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-06-10T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-06-03T00:00:00+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-06-01T00:00:00+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-05-28T02:34:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-05-28T01:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-05-28T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-05-25T14:40:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Parasites \u0026 Vectors","date":"2021-05-25T08:22:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-05-25T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2021-05-24T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Parasites \u0026 Vectors","date":"2021-05-24T10:52:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"parasites-and-vectors","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"parv","sideBox":"Learn more about [Parasites \u0026 Vectors](http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13071","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13071/3","title":"Parasites \u0026 Vectors","twitterHandle":"@bugbittentweets","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"053b9b5d-5c30-4fe5-b898-afebd0813c0d","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 28th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":4646030,"name":"Parasitology"},{"id":4646031,"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"id":4646032,"name":"Immunology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-31T17:00:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-05-28 19:25:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-558064","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-558064","identity":"rs-558064","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}