Development and evaluation of M+1-way classification mechanism realized through identifying foreign patterns

Development and evaluation of M+1-way classification mechanism realized through identifying foreign patterns | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development and evaluation of M+1-way classification mechanism realized through identifying foreign patterns Huimin Zhang, Xiu-bin Zhu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1367816/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, we are concerned with a new design methodology of M + 1-way classification mechanism. The intent is to reduce the cost of error prediction caused by insufficient evidence. The study is motivated by the notion of three-way decisions, which has been successfully used in various application areas to build human-centric systems. In contrast to traditional multiple classifications, one additional class is added into the proposed architecture to represent the reject decision made on foreign patterns, which exhibit significant differences compared to the patterns used for constructing the classification models. A collection of information granules is constructed on the basis of available experimental evidence to form a compact and interpretable representation of the feature space occupied by the native patterns. The patterns located outside the regions occupied by these information granules are identified and filtered out prior to classification while only the native patterns are subject to classification. The proposed methodology leads to a human-centric and human-interactive construct in which the rejected patterns need further processing. Different distance functions are utilized in the construction of information granules. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated involving one synthetic dataset and a collection of publicly available datasets. Three-way decision classification with rejection Granular Computing information granule foreign pattern Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Aug, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Aug, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 02 Mar, 2022 First submitted to journal 16 Feb, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1367816","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":130048237,"identity":"97075a9b-9b8b-4eae-9dc5-7426277fe484","order_by":0,"name":"Huimin Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangxi Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huimin","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":130048238,"identity":"f937a4ac-6ab8-44e2-9d3a-91f87bc7350a","order_by":1,"name":"Xiu-bin Zhu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQY2BoYKBgY2diAngU0CKkhQyxmgFmaStDC2ARkgLSDtBLUY3G5/9ph33jZ5PmYGNokHZRby5gzMB2/zMNjl4dIiOedAujHvttuGbcwMzAYJ5yQMdzawJVvzMCQX49LCL5FwTBqohRGohfFBYpsE44YDPGbSPAwHEhtwaGGTSGyT5p1z2x6oBaisTcJ+wwH+b3i18Esks0nzNtxOhNmSCLSFDa8WyTnH2ID4dnIbM2MzyC/JGw6zGVvOMUjGqQUUYhJvam7bzm9vPib5o6zOdsPx5oc33lTY4dSCBBihasARZEBY/SgYBaNgFIwC3AAAFjNMeLysrw8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-8749","institution":"Xidian University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiu-bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-02-17 04:39:02","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1367816/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1367816/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":25567717,"identity":"dee5688e-9e93-4b85-94d6-9ca18737be27","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-23 18:35:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":505394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paperclassificationwithrejectionFeb25.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1367816/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Development and evaluation of M+1-way classification mechanism realized through identifying foreign patterns","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1367816/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"soft-computing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"soco","sideBox":"Learn more about [Soft Computing](https://www.springer.com/journal/500)","snPcode":"500","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/500/3","title":"Soft Computing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Three-way decision, classification with rejection, Granular Computing, information granule, foreign pattern","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1367816/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1367816/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, we are concerned with a new design methodology of M\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1-way classification mechanism. 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The proposed methodology leads to a human-centric and human-interactive construct in which the rejected patterns need further processing. Different distance functions are utilized in the construction of information granules. 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