The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis Siyu Tian, Shuming Chen, Yongyi Feng, Yong Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease with many characteristics including inflammation and aberrant keratinocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not completely clear. Methods: We explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis by analyzing the gene expression profile obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were examined by gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Correlation analysis in R studio software analyzed the association of SPRR and LCE genes. The potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). The expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were detected in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Results: The small proline-rich (SPRR) and late cornified envelope (LCE) genes were identified as a module in constructed PPI network. The gene expression profile GSE63684 analysis showed that both SPRR family and LCE family genes were significantly upregulated in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Correlation analysis in R studio software recognized the association of SPRR and LCE genes, in which the potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) results that suggest direct interaction between SPRR2 and LCE3D. Notably, we found that the expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were significantly increased in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice while tazarotene cream treatment specifically decreased the mRNA expression of these genes, which indicated that the SPRR and LCEs were regulated simultaneously in psoriasis. Conclusion: Our studies found the interactions of SPRR proteins with LCE proteins, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Bioinformatics psoriasis bioinformatics analysis interaction SPRR LCE Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial2021.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-850424","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":51409285,"identity":"3e55c4e6-82c0-4820-84c1-203f443423b2","order_by":0,"name":"Siyu Tian","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZjApIcfPjsTFC3ggaiyMJZuJ1gKhKhI3HCZWiz0787OHP9skGDcfZn8mwVBhndjAfvYAAYexmRvztkkwmx1mSJNgOJOe2MCTl0BAC4OZNGObBBtQyzEJxrbDiQ0SPAYEtLB/kwQ6jMe4GaiR8R9RWnjMJIAOkzBgZmaTYGwgRsthnjJpnnMSBhKH2ZgtEo6lG7fx5ODXwt5/fJvkj7K6+v729oc3PtRYy/azn8GvBQwY2aCMBCBmw6MQCfwhTtkoGAWjYBSMUAAAfRs2UKMGQYMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Xiamen University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Siyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Tian","suffix":""},{"id":51409286,"identity":"e8f77f7f-9689-452e-936f-ad21b90125f6","order_by":1,"name":"Shuming Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiamen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuming","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":51409287,"identity":"f37979ce-e10a-4b4e-90dd-290becc50f81","order_by":2,"name":"Yongyi Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiamen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongyi","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":51409288,"identity":"1610916c-ffd5-4b6b-9a09-f30256294c04","order_by":3,"name":"Yong Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiamen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yong","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-08-27 10:30:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13335331,"identity":"2e66db44-1ec8-4873-ae28-d96ef863ef51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:55:44","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":42906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Identification of DEGs between psoriasis patients and healthy controls. A\nVolcano plot of DEGs. Red points represent up regulated genes; Green points\nrepresent down regulated genes. B The heatmap of DEGs. Red colors indicate up\nregulated genes and green c olors indicate down regulated genes.","description":"","filename":"Fig01.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/99f7cc6c8ad33abf3b8d719a.png"},{"id":13335989,"identity":"dbee27bf-a277-449b-a2b6-492efe26c6e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:58:44","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":41042,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Gene ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs in psoriasis patients.","description":"","filename":"Fig02.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/42f803140c2b964ce6105827.png"},{"id":13335333,"identity":"8edad8e5-095d-4696-a5db-b4f7df53c8a4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:55:44","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":82066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"PPI network of differentially expressed genes. A PPI network of DEGs\nconstructed by STRING and visualized using Cytoscape. B The significa nt module\nwas identified from the PPI network.","description":"","filename":"Fig03.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/b2b7090cd431c9969f608531.png"},{"id":13336333,"identity":"3f7c7f6f-465c-47f2-b03f-41f89a5953d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 21:01:44","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44085,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Validation of DEGs in psoriasis mice of dataset GSE63684. Expression levels\nof A SPRR and B LCE were significantly upregulated in psoriasis mice. *P\u003c0.05,\n**P\u003c0.01 and ***P\u003c0.001. C GO enrichment analysis of DEGs in psoriasis mice","description":"","filename":"Fig04.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/6110fdd9863e38aec42b8045.png"},{"id":13335990,"identity":"7bd32ed2-f4a7-4690-a31a-3a2c81ffe043","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:58:44","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":150440,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The interaction of between SPRR and LCE. A The correlation between LCE3D\nand SPRR2. B The correlation between LCE and SPRR. C SPRR2 proteins\ncolocalize with LCE3D upon co expression in 293T cells. Nuclei were stained using\n4′,6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (DAPI). Scale bar represents 10 μm. D Immunoassay\nof lysates of 293T cells transfected w ith plasmids encoding LCE3D and SPRR2A;\nLCE3D and SPRR2F, followed by immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti HA, anti Flag or\nthe control antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoblot analysis (IB) with anti\nHA or anti Flag.","description":"","filename":"Fig05.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/07352eab120102e3a3d0a630.png"},{"id":13335335,"identity":"5974e197-1338-4871-a6ce-17b34d3417c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:55:44","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":172227,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Expression of SPRR and LCE genes significantly up regulated in a model of\npsoriasiform dermatitis. A Photograph of mice back skin was taken on day 7. B H\u0026E\nstaining of back skin sections were examined on day 7. Scale bar represents 50 μm.\nC , D SPRR and LCE gene expression levels in the skin lesions were evaluated by\nRT qPCR. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation. All\nexperiments were performed 3 times, and the representative results are presented.\n*P\u003c0.05, **P\u003c0.01 and ***P\u003c0.001. IMQ,","description":"","filename":"Fig06.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/b20899026ae35ab7de0f05b8.png"},{"id":13678810,"identity":"cc013b60-139e-40cd-8c30-6c14195861e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 11:41:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":409520,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SPRRandLCEmanuscript2021.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":13336336,"identity":"81005594-afe9-405c-9b6c-24ed876638fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 21:01:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":406019,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SPRRandLCEmanuscript2021.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":13335336,"identity":"3ce28d5a-8f18-428b-925b-9bf1df087409","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-13 20:55:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":277838,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterial2021.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-850424/v1/52f405c0f9fcf87b276b3f58.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-850424/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"psoriasis, bioinformatics analysis, interaction, SPRR, LCE","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease with many characteristics including inflammation and aberrant keratinocyte proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not completely clear. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eWe explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in psoriasis by analyzing the gene expression profile obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The DEGs were examined by gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network. Correlation analysis in R studio software analyzed the association of SPRR and LCE genes. The potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). The expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were detected in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe small proline-rich (SPRR) and late cornified envelope (LCE) genes were identified as a module in constructed PPI network. The gene expression profile GSE63684 analysis showed that both SPRR family and LCE family genes were significantly upregulated in imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice. Correlation analysis in R studio software recognized the association of SPRR and LCE genes, in which the potential direct protein-protein interactions between SPRR proteins and LCE3D was further verified by co-localization observed in 293T cells and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) results that suggest direct interaction between SPRR2 and LCE3D. Notably, we found that the expression levels of SPRR and LCE genes were significantly increased in the IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis mice while tazarotene cream treatment specifically decreased the mRNA expression of these genes, which indicated that the SPRR and LCEs were regulated simultaneously in psoriasis. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eOur studies found the interactions of SPRR proteins with LCE proteins, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Interactions of Small Proline-rich Proteins With Late Cornified Envelope Proteins Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-09-13 20:55:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-850424/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d6f4300c-d27d-4511-9408-9f3286a2f98c","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 13th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":7160024,"name":"Bioinformatics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-10-16T12:03:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-09-13 20:55:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-850424","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-850424","identity":"rs-850424","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}