Practical measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with two-way classical communication

Practical measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with two-way classical communication | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Practical measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with two-way classical communication Chun Zhou, Haitao Wang, Jianing Guo, Yanmei Zhao, Ping Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7945127/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Quantum Information Processing → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The data post-processing scheme based on two-way classical communication(TWCC) can improve the tolerable bit error rate and expand the secure transmission distance when used in QKD system. In this paper, we demonstrate a significant improvement in key rate and secure transmission distance when two-way classical communication is applied in MDI-QKD protocol. Additionally, to further improve the performance of the MDI-QKD system, we extend the two-way classical communication to MDI-QKD considering statistical fluctuations. Our simulation results show that the two-way classical communication method has great advantages in improving the performance of the actual MDI-QKD system. Quantum Key distribution Two-way classical communication Measurement-device-independent Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Quantum Information Processing → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 25 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7945127","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545947139,"identity":"f1c15f52-c705-4841-8b87-940a2fae6114","order_by":0,"name":"Chun Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IEU","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":545947141,"identity":"a88d3d9d-4f5d-4cbf-ba91-98f589e2ab81","order_by":1,"name":"Haitao 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communication","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"quantum-information-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"qinp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Quantum Information Processing](http://link.springer.com/journal/11128)","snPcode":"11128","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11128/3","title":"Quantum Information Processing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer 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In this paper, we demonstrate a significant improvement in key rate and secure transmission distance when two-way classical communication is applied in MDI-QKD protocol. Additionally, to further improve the performance of the MDI-QKD system, we extend the two-way classical communication to MDI-QKD considering statistical fluctuations. Our simulation results show that the two-way classical communication method has great advantages in improving the performance of the actual MDI-QKD system.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Practical measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with two-way classical communication","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-26 06:50:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7945127/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-09T12:32:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-09T06:35:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"190234620626737617771008842771931865475","date":"2026-02-06T12:55:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-21T07:22:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"173260934567281432029568875663648319043","date":"2026-01-17T12:55:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-17T01:49:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-25T10:08:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-25T10:07:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Quantum Information Processing","date":"2025-10-25T07:11:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"quantum-information-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"qinp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Quantum Information Processing](http://link.springer.com/journal/11128)","snPcode":"11128","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11128/3","title":"Quantum Information Processing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8e14ec98-d195-4fb2-96c0-28460fc98487","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 26th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:03:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7945127","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05142-z","journal":{"identity":"quantum-information-processing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Quantum Information Processing"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-31 15:58:55","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 31st, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-26 06:50:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11128-026-05142-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-026-05142-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7945127","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7945127","identity":"rs-7945127","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}