Investigating perceived delay in outpatient clinic registration: insights from a primary care setting in Nigeria

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Prolonged clinic waiting time is a known barrier to healthcare access and an important measure of healthcare quality. However, in Nigeria, patients’ perception of registration time in the primary care clinic is still incompletely understood. Objectives : To assess perceived outpatient clinic registration delay and its determinants in a Nigerian primary care setting. Methods : This cross-sectional study involved 362 patients randomly selected from general outpatient clinic attendees of a Nigerian tertiary hospital in 2024. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect essential data (demographic data, registration characteristics, and clinic cycle times). Data were analyzed using Epi Info software. Results : Participants' mean age was 36.0±14.2 years, with most being female(n=214, 59.1%). Most were Muslims(78.4%) from the Hausa tribe(61.9%). Participants spent a median of 60 minutes between clinic arrival and commencing payment, 20 minutes at the payment window, 27 minutes at the record window, and 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration. About 42.5% of participants reported a delay at the records window, mainly citing too many patients/long queues with few staff as the cause. Participants’ tribe, payment window time, and time spent between clinic arrival and completing registration were the determinants of perceived registration delay. Conclusions : The dissatisfaction rate with registration time was high. To improve patient satisfaction with registration time would require strategic interventions. Deploying technology (alternative payment options, and electronic medical records) to reduce registration cyle time and educating patients on the registration process could be useful interventions. healthcare access electronic medical records registration time waiting time patient satisfaction primary care Introduction Inequity in healthcare access remains a critical issue on the global agenda. Hence, Goal 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals was established with a clear focus on advancing Universal Health Coverage (UHC). 1 UHC is committed to providing access to necessary healthcare services that are of high quality and effective, without placing financial burdens on users. 2 , 3 From the conceptual framework reported by Peters et al, care availability is one of the four dimensions of healthcare access. This involves access to appropriate care, including convenient hours, acceptable waiting times, and suitable service providers and resources. 4 This care access dimension indicates that inefficient clinic systems that lead to prolonged waiting times can be a source of frustration for patients, physicians, and healthcare administrators and, thus, an important barrier to healthcare access. 5 , 6 Waiting time, defined as the time a patient spends between clinic arrival and physician consultation, 7 has thus deservedly become a focus of contemporary research activities. It is an indicator of the quality of services a medical facility provides. 8 , 9 However, in Nigeria, except for a few older studies, patient waiting times in the primary care setting are still poorly understood. 10 , 11 Moreover, a satisfactory patient waiting time varies between countries and settings. For instance, patients would be satisfied with a waiting time of between 30 minutes and 45 minutes before seeing their doctor in the outpatient clinic setting of high-income countries. 12 – 14 However, in Nigeria, waiting times ranging from 90 to 180 minutes from clinic arrival to exit have been reported in primary care, with 60 to 120 minutes of this time spent on registration. 11 This suggests that patient registration is a crucial process in a typical outpatient clinic cycle that can impact the total clinic waiting time and overall patient experience. For a new patient, registration is the process by which healthcare providers collect and record essential information about the patient (including identity, contacts, and demographics), creating a unique identity number used for future interactions and treatment. Patient registration typically precedes consultation with the doctor, except in emergencies when registration can be simultaneously done with treatment or later as the situation dictates. 15 However, for the old clinic user, it involves retrieving such records. Patient registration time is particularly challenging in many public and private health facilities in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria, where the penetration of electronic medical records (EMR) and pre-visit appointment systems is still very low. 16 – 18 Thus, patients are registered and attended to on a first-come, first-served basis when they arrive at the medical facility. 19 , 20 This type of registration process could result in long waiting times, 11 often linked with few health records and account staff, 11 long searches for patients' cards/folders, 11 and missing cards/folders. 21 This delay at the registration unit has been cited as a source of patient frustration and dissatisfaction with services. 21 , 22 Prior studies in our facility assessed patient waiting times over a decade ago or were limited to the staff clinic and not designed to capture the whole patient registration experience. 19 – 21 , 23 To fill this gap, our study evaluated the registration experience of patients attending our general outpatient clinic, with the specific objectives of determining the waiting time between clinic arrival and commencing payment, time spent at the payment and record windows, and the overall time spent from clinic arrival to the completion of registration. Additionally, we assessed the level of patient dissatisfaction with the registration time and its associated factors. We hope that our findings will assist the clinic managers in identifying points of delay during registration and the perceived reasons for the delay. In addition, it would provide essential pre-intervention data as the hospital plans to implement EMR in this clinic, which would be an important baseline in future monitoring and evaluation once the complete EMR system is operational. Methods Study design and setting This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the general outpatient clinic (GOPC) of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Northwestern Nigeria, in April and May 2024. The GOPC has medical records, accounts, nursing, and pharmacy units. The clinic is overseen by general-duty doctors, residents, and consultants of the Department of Family Medicine. It runs two shifts daily: a morning (8 a.m. – 2 p.m.) and afternoon (2 p.m. – 9 p.m.) shifts and sees an average of 200 and 50 undifferentiated patients (aged ≥ 13 years) without the national health insurance in the morning and afternoon shifts, respectively. The clinic records show that adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) constitute about 80% of the patients (160) of clinic attendees. This study was conducted on weekdays (Monday to Friday) when most patients visit the clinic. To register in this clinic, the patient joins a queue at the payment window to pay the consultation fee and for folders if they are first-time clinic users. This is followed by the patient moving to the records window, where old patients have their medical folders retrieved manually as the clinic does not operate an EMR system, or essential data was obtained from new patients. Finally, the patient moves to the waiting area, from where they are called into the consultation rooms. Study population The study population comprised patients attending the GOPC. However, only patients who were ≥ 18 years old and attending the clinic to see a doctor during the study period were included. Critically ill patients, those who participated in the questionnaire pre-testing, and those who declined consent were excluded from the study. Sample size estimation A sample size of 362 was derived using the sample size calculator in Epi info software (version 7) and applying the following variables: an empirical registration time satisfaction rate of 50%, 5% margin of error, 95% confidence interval, and sampling frame of 6400 (estimated number of patients that attends the clinic over 8-weeks; 160 x 5 x 8 = 6400) Sampling method and procedure A systematic sampling method was adopted. A sampling interval of 17 was derived by dividing the sample frame by the sample size (6400/362 ≈ 17). Three trained research assistants (family medicine residents) were used for this study. The first research assistant created a list of patients for registration each clinic day. Using a ballot, the first participant was selected from the first 17 enlisted patients. Subsequently, every 17th patient that met the inclusion criteria was identified and recruited until the sample size was reached, but after explaining the study objectives and procedure and obtaining informed consent. The identified eligible patients were also given a sheet of paper containing their study number as they entered the registration cycle. The first research assistant is finally situated at the payment window, where he receives participants on arrival and documents the arrival time on paper using a pre-calibrated clock. The second research assistant, located at the record’s window, collected the sheet of paper from the participant and documented the time of arrival at the records window, while the third research assistant (in the waiting area) received the paper, documented the time of arrival at the waiting area, and completes the study questionnaire in a secluded portion of the waiting area to ensure confidentiality. Double sampling was prevented by recording patient card numbers and encouraging enrolled participants to decline when approached a second time. Data collection We developed a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, with an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). Trained research assistants, who were fluent in English and Hausa (the dominant local languages), administered the questionnaires. The data collected from participants were their sociodemographics (age, sex, marital status, tribe, religion, employment status, occupation, and educational level), registration characteristics (survey day, clinic shift attended, first-time user status, number of visits in last 3 months), and the clinic cycle times until registration was completed. Definition and measurement of variables The outcome variable was perceived registration delay (i.e., dissatisfaction with the registration time). Perceived registration delay was assessed using the question: “Do you think you spent too much time at the records unit?”. A response of “yes” was defined as a perceived registration delay. The explanatory variables were the sociodemographic and visit characteristics, the waiting time before payment began, time spent at the payment window, time spent at the records window, and time spent between clinic arrival and the end of the registration process. Clinic arrival time was defined as the time the participants reported that they arrived at the clinic. The waiting time before payment commenced was defined as the time between clinic arrival and the arrival at the payment window. Given that the payment and record windows of the clinic are adjacent to each other, we also defined the payment window time as the time spent between arrival at the payment window and arrival at the records window. Finally, the record window time was defined as the time spent between arrival at the records window and arrival at the waiting area. Data analysis The data collected were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7.2.26 (2023). Categorical variables were summarized using frequency tables, while continuous data were presented as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range), depending on data distribution. The Chi-square test was used to determine the factors associated with perceived registration delay at the bivariate level of analysis. We dichotomized how long they had been using the clinic, the number of clinic visits in the last three months, and clinic flow times using their median values, given that they were skewed continuous data. To assess the determinants of perceived registration delay, a multivariate logistic regression model was built using variables with a p-value of less than 1 at the bivariate analysis level, calculating their odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A P -value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and perceived registration delay All 362 participants surveyed were analyzed. Their mean age was 36.0 ± 14.2 (range: 18 - 95) years. Most participants were female (n=214, 59.1%). Similarly, most participants were unemployed, full-time housewives, and Muslims, with at least secondary school education, as shown in Table 1 . In addition, we observe a significant association between employment status, religion, tribe, and perceived registration delay (P < 0.05). <> Participants’ visit characteristics, clinic flow times, and perceived registration delay As shown in Table 2 , Most participants were recruited on Monday (n=110, 30.4%). Nearly half (n=180, 49.7%) were first-time clinic users. Among the old clinic users, 110 (60.1%) had used the clinic for ≤ 3 years. The median waiting time between clinic arrival and payment commencement was 60 minutes, whereas the median payment and record window times were 20 minutes and 27 minutes, respectively. In addition, the median time spent by participants between clinic arrival and the end of registration was 159 minutes (2.7 hours). <> Over a third (38.1%) of participants were dissatisfied with the payment window time ( Table 3 ). The most common reason for this perception was a long queue or too many patients with few staff at the payment window (n=91, 65.9%). However, 42.5% of participants were dissatisfied with the record window time. However, like the payment window, most participants (n=81, 52.6%) also cited a long queue or too many patients with few staff as the reason for their dissatisfaction with the record window time. Furthermore, of all participants who had previously used the clinic (n=180), nearly a third (n=56, 31.1%) perceived that the record clerk could not immediately find their folders, mainly due to misfiling or missing folders (n=36, 62.1%). In addition, the payment window time and the time spent between clinic arrival and completing registration were the only visit characteristics significantly associated with perceived registration delay (P<0.05). <> Determinants of perceived registration delay among participants Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, the participants’ tribe, payment window time, and time spent between clinic arrival and end of registration were the determinants of perceived delay ( Table 4 ). Participants who were of the Igbo, Yoruba, and other minority tribes were 6.8, 4.0, and 9.6 times more likely to report a delayed registration than those who were Fulani. Similarly, participants who spent more than 20 minutes at the payment window were 3.5 times more likely to report a registration delay than those who spent ≤ 20 minutes. Finally, participants who spent over 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration were 1.7 times more likely to report a registration delay. <> Discussion The waiting time between arrival at a health facility and contact with the first health worker in a clinic remains crucial to the overall waiting time and patient satisfaction. This study found a remarkable median clinic-arrival to payment-commencement time of 60 minutes. Although a patient could choose when to arrive at the clinic, some scholars report that patients who arrive earlier for an outpatient clinic appointment often expect to be attended to earlier by healthcare professionals. 5 Suggesting the need to develop a system that meets this huge expectation. Furthermore, a median payment window time of 20 minutes and records window time of 27 minutes observed in this study appears slightly lower than the mean time of 52 minutes used to pay and collect cards in a study in Jos, North Central Nigeria, 10 but was much lower than the median registration time (pay and collect card time) of 76 minutes reported in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. 11 However, our median registration time was much higher than the 18 minutes reported in a study in Southwest Ethiopia. 24 This difference could be due to differing study designs, objectives, settings, and populations. Although previous studies did not assess patient perception of the registration time, about four of every ten participants (42.5% ) in this study were dissatisfied with the registration time. In previous studies, this phenomenon has been attributed to card misfiling at the records unit, staff shortages, and simultaneous break times. 10 , 11 In this study, most patients cited too many patients or long queues with few staff at the records window, while fewer patients reported misfiling or missing folders, staff lateness, and language barriers as reasons for their dissatisfaction with the registration time. This finding indicates the need for interventions to improve patient satisfaction with the registration time by reducing the records window time, as it would reduce the overall clinic cycle time, leading to better patient experience and satisfaction. 6 Also, deploying electronic medical records would mitigate such factors as misfiling or missing folders, and losing handcards, which would ultimately reduce registration time. 16 , 25 , 26 The strong association between patients’ tribe and perceived registration delay time was an interesting finding in this study. We found that besides the Hausa patients, patients from other tribes (Igbo, Yoruba, and other minority tribes) were more likely to report dissatisfaction with the registration time than the Fulani patients. While the complete link between the patients’ tribe and perceived registration delay is unclear, we suspect that because the clinic is patronized predominantly by Hausa-Fulani patients, they were more likely to be conversant with the operations of the clinic (including the registration process) and therefore are more likely to be comfortable with the registration time. This finding suggests the need for effective patient education on the clinic's registration process, given that when health workers maximize their interpersonal skills by providing relevant information, there is improvement in overall satisfaction with services. 21 , 27 In addition, patients who spent more than 20 minutes at the payment window were 3.5 times more likely to report a registration delay. This finding may indicate that patients are likely to become frustrated after spending 20 minutes in the payment queue and carry this over to the record window, given that making payments was a crucial process to get to the records window in this setting. Therefore, interventions to improve patient satisfaction with registration time must strategically include reducing the payment window time. This may include the need for more payment points, including the use of online payment options that allow patients to make payments even before reaching the clinic, as long queues with few staff were also cited by many patients as the reason for perceived delay at the record window. Similarly, we found that patients who spent more than 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration were 1.7 times more likely to be dissatisfied with the registration time. This finding could reflect the frustration with the time spent on the processes leading to the registration, which includes the time spent between clinic arrival and commencement of payment, the payment window time, and the record window time. This suggests the need for interventions that improve the patient's experience from entry into the clinic until they see their doctor. Study weaknesses and strengths Our study was cross-sectional and thus precludes any causal inference between the identified determinants and registration delay. This study also did not evaluate patients who utilized the clinic on weekends, which may be associated with different registration experiences. The clinic arrival time was subjective (patient-reported), and thus, recall bias could not be eliminated. Given the paucity of similar studies on this subject, comparing some of our results with findings from other studies was difficult. However, this study provided recent data on patient registration experience in a resource-constrained primary care setting, highlighting the prevalence of registration delay, points of delay during registration, perceived reasons for delay, and associated factors. Conclusions There is a high dissatisfaction rate with the registration time in this study. Factors such as employment status, religion, tribe, payment service window time, and total time spent at the end of registration in the primary care clinic were associated with perceived dissatisfactory registration time. Interventions to improve satisfaction with the registration time may require strategies that educate patients on the registration process and reduce the registration cycle time. Deployment of technology (e.g. electronic medical records and online payment options) could significantly reduce registration time, as it offers clear advantages over the current manual process. Declarations Ethical considerations Ethical approval was obtained from the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committee (NHREC/21/08/2008/AKTH/EC/2740). A written informed consent was obtained from each study participant. The study protocol conformed with all other principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Acknowledgment s : The authors are grateful to the staff of the accounts and medical records unit as well as the residents and consultants of the Department of Family Medicine of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital for their support and inputs. We also appreciate the efforts of the research assistants. Funding : This study received no external funding; the authors funded the study. Conflict of Interests : The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists. Data availability : Given that consent was not obtained from patients to publicly share the data underlying this article, the data will be shared at a reasonable request by the corresponding author. 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Br J Dermatol. 2001 Oct;145(4):617-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04445.x. PMID: 11703289. Tables Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics and perceived registration delay among participants, characteristics Total Perceived registration delay ꭓ 2 P N (%) No, n (%) Yes, n (%) Age 6.00 0.306 <20 27 (7.5) 16 (7.7) 11(7.1) 20-29 124 (34.2) 80 (38.5) 44(28.6) 30-39 90 (24.9) 45 (21.6) 45(29.2) 40-49 59 (16.3) 35 (16.8) 24(15.6) 50-59 19 (5.2) 11 (5.3) 8(5.2) ≥60 43 (11.9) 21 (10.1) 22(14.3) Mean ± SD 36.0 ± 14.2 Sex 1.71 0.192 Female 214 (59.1) 129 (62.0) 85 (55.2) Male 148 (40.9) 79 (38.0) 69 (44.8) Marital status 1.81 0.847 Married 223 (61.6) 132 (63.5) 91 (59.1) Single 102 (28.2) 56 (26.9) 46 (29.9) Divorced 14 (3.9) 8 (3.8) 6 (3.9) Widowed 23 (6.3) 12 (5.8) 11 (7.1) Employment status - 0.043 f* Unemployed 179(49.5) 109(52.4) 70(45.4) Work for Government 28 (7.7) 21(10.1) 7 (4.5) Work for private 35 (9.7) 18 (8.6) 17 (11.0) Self-employed 112(30.9) 58 (27.9) 54 (35.1) Retired CS 8 (2.2) 2(1.0) 6(3.9) Occupation 8.22 0.145 Full-time housewife 107(29.6) 67 (32.2) 40 (26.0) Artisan 42 (11.6) 26 (12.5) 16 (10.4) Student 59 (16.3) 31 (14.9) 28 (18.2) Professional 36 (9.9) 18 (8.6) 18 (11.7) Trader/ business 61 (16.8) 28 (13.5) 33 (21.4) Others 57 (15.8) 28 (18.3) 19 (12.3) Religion 9.34 0.002* Islam 284(78.4) 175(84.1) 109 (70.8) Christianity 78 (21.6) 33(15.9) 45(29.2) Tribe 20.26 0.0004* Hausa 224(61.9) 141 (67.8) 83 (53.9) Fulani 29 (8.0) 22 (10.6) 7 (4.5) Igbo 33 (9.1) 13 (6.2) 20 (13.0) Yoruba 36 (9.9) 18 (8.6) 18 (11.7) Others 40 (11.1) 14 (6.7) 26 (16.9) Formal education completed 3.14 0.386 None 58 (16.0) 38 (18.3) 20 (13.0) Primary 41 (11.3) 20 (9.6) 21 (13.6) Secondary 126(34.8) 70 (33.6) 56 (36.4) Tertiary 137(37.9) 80 (38.5) 57 (37.0) SD: Standard deviation; f Fisher’s exact test; CS: Civil servant; ꭓ 2 : Chi-squared. Table 2: Visit characteristics, clinic flow time, and perceived registration delay among participants Characteristics Total Perceived registration delay ꭓ 2 P n (%) No, n (%) Yes, n (%) Day surveyed 8.67 0.070 Monday 110 (30.4) 63 (30.3) 47 (30.5) Tuesday 64 (17.7) 44 (21.1) 20 (13.0) Wednesday 107 (29.5) 61 (29.3) 46 (29.9) Thursday 56 (15.5) 24 (11.5) 32 (20.8) Friday 25 (6.9) 16 (7.7) 9 (5.8) Clinic shift attended 3.72 0.054 Morning 259 (71.5) 157 (75.5) 102 (66.2) Afternoon 103 (28.5) 51 (24.5) 52 (33.8) First-time user status 1.87 0.172 Yes 180 (49.7) 97 (46.6) 83 (53.9) No 182 (50.3) 111 (53.4) 71 (46.1) How long have you been using this clinic (weeks)? 1.06 0.303 0-156 110 (60.1) 64 (57.1) 46 (64.8) 157-1404 73 (39.9) 48 (42.9) 25 (35.2) Median (IQR) 156 (32-312) WT before starting payments (min) 0.62 0.431 0-60 185 (51.1) 110 (52.9) 75 (48.7) 61-350 177 (48.9) 98 (47.1) 79 (51.3) Median (IQR) 60 (15-120) Number of visits in last 3 months (n=183) 0.51 0.472 0-1 97 (53.0) 57 (50.9) 40 (56.3) 2-7 86 (44.0) 55 (49.1) 31 (43.7) Median (IQR) 1 (1-2) Payment window time (min) 37.81 <0.001* 0-20 197 (54.4) 142 (68.3) 55 (35.7) 21-540 165 (45.6) 66 (31.7) 99 (64.3) Median 20 (10-35) - - Records window time (min) 0.78 0.378 0-27 183 (50.6) 101 (48.6) 82 (53.2) 28-406 179 (49.4) 107 (51.4) 72 (46.8) Median (IQR) 27 (15-70) - - Clinic arrival to end of registration time (min) 6.98 0.008* 0-159 182 (50.3) 117 (56.2) 65 (42.2) 160-660 180 (49.7) 91 (43.8) 89 (57.8) Median (IQR) (min) 158.5 (100 – 220) - - WT: Waiting time; IQR: Interquartile range; ꭓ 2 Chi square test; Min: Minutes. Table 3: Perception of registration delay among participants Characteristics n (%) Do you think you spent too much time making the payment? Yes 138 (38.1) No 224 (61.9) Do you think you spent too much time at the Records Unit? Yes 154 (42.5) No 208 (57.5) Do you have an old case folder in this hospital? Yes 180 (49.7) No 182 (50.3) Did the record clerk find your previous (old) case folders? (n=180) Yes 124 (68.9) No 56 (31.1) Perceived reasons for delays at the Payment Window (n=138) * Network problem 31 (22.5) Staff lateness/ No staff on duty 28 (20.3) Long queue/too many patients with few staff 91 (65.9) Refusing to accept cash 1 (0.7) Don’t know 2 (1.4) Perceived reasons for delays at the Record window (n=154) * Long queue/Too many patients with few staff 81 (52.6) Misfiling or missing folder 18 (11.6) Awaiting the supply of new folder jackets 5 (3.2) No electricity 14 (9.1) Language barrier/too many questions 3 (1.9) Staff lateness/ has gone to pray 13 (8.4) Don’t know 7 (4.5) Perceived reasons for not finding their old case folders (n=58) * Misfiling or missing folder 45 (87.6) My folder is in another department 3 (5.2) I lost my handcard 5 (8.6) Don’t know 5 (8.6) *Some provided more than one reason. Table 4: Determinants of perceived registration delay among participants Characteristics OR CI P Employment status Company worker Reference Government worker 0.44 0.13 – 1.48 0.184 Self employed 1.32 0.54 – 3.24 0.548 Unemployed 0.95 0.40 – 2.26 0.909 Retired civil servant 5.67 0.78 – 41.42 0.087 Religion Christianity Reference Islam 1.39 0.50 – 3.91 0.528 Tribe Fulani Reference Hausa 2.10 0.79 – 9.29 0.135 Igbo 6.80 1.42 – 32.49 0.016* Yoruba 4.04 1.14 – 14.26 0.030* Others 9.65 2.47 – 37.77 0.001* Day surveyed Monday 1.24 0.46 – 3.37 0.671 Tuesday 1.18 0.40 – 3.46 0.768 Wednesday 1.47 0.54 – 4.01 0.449 Thursday 2.30 0.79 – 6.77 0.129 Friday Reference Clinic shift attended Morning 0.851 0.49 – 1.47 0.565 Afternoon Reference Time spent at the payment window (min) 0-20 (≤ 20) Reference 21-540 (> 20) 3.50 2.16 – 5.67 0.0000* Time spent between clinic arrival and end of registration (min) 0-159 (≤ 2.65 hours) Reference 160-660 (> 2.65 hours) 1.72 1.04 – 2.84 0.036* OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6522861","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":471833407,"identity":"56bce87b-7dfa-41ab-8696-5ca663b1303d","order_by":0,"name":"Godpower Chinedu Michael","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyDCgCGBgYG58QGQycNHghbGZgOQFjbitDCAtbRJgFgEtfDdPn7x040Cuzz+9sa2yq85djJsDMwPH93Ao0XyXE6xdI5BcrHEmYNtt2W3JQMdxmZsnINHi8EZnjTmHIMDiQ03EttuS25jBmrhYZMmSsv8+w/biiW31ROjhf0YWMuGG4xtjB+3HSasRfIMDzPIL4kbzyQ2SzNuO87DxkzAL3xn2B9+zvljlzjv+OGDH39uq7bnZ29++BifFmDcGcCZzDxgEq9yEGB/AGcy/iCoehSMglEwCkYiAAAMUUs9wmXrnAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Godpower","middleName":"Chinedu","lastName":"Michael","suffix":""},{"id":471833408,"identity":"28ba62b8-e15d-4be7-bc39-5ee88c328539","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammed Lukman Abolaji","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"Lukman","lastName":"Abolaji","suffix":""},{"id":471833409,"identity":"368fdbf8-f1ad-497d-9c1c-cf6d30089d1f","order_by":2,"name":"Zainab Abdulkadir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zainab","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdulkadir","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-24 17:23:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6522861/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6522861/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85635428,"identity":"92aed246-7d3e-4aad-aee9-075520b9931c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-30 05:39:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1150282,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6522861/v1/60421a38-f22e-49c5-b63d-5ca4e349b4c2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigating perceived delay in outpatient clinic registration: insights from a primary care setting in Nigeria","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eInequity in healthcare access remains a critical issue on the global agenda. Hence, Goal 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals was established with a clear focus on advancing Universal Health Coverage (UHC).\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e UHC is committed to providing access to necessary healthcare services that are of high quality and effective, without placing financial burdens on users.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e From the conceptual framework reported by Peters et al, care availability is one of the four dimensions of healthcare access. This involves access to appropriate care, including convenient hours, acceptable waiting times, and suitable service providers and resources.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This care access dimension indicates that inefficient clinic systems that lead to prolonged waiting times can be a source of frustration for patients, physicians, and healthcare administrators and, thus, an important barrier to healthcare access.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaiting time, defined as the time a patient spends between clinic arrival and physician consultation,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e has thus deservedly become a focus of contemporary research activities. It is an indicator of the quality of services a medical facility provides.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e However, in Nigeria, except for a few older studies, patient waiting times in the primary care setting are still poorly understood.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Moreover, a satisfactory patient waiting time varies between countries and settings. For instance, patients would be satisfied with a waiting time of between 30 minutes and 45 minutes before seeing their doctor in the outpatient clinic setting of high-income countries.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e However, in Nigeria, waiting times ranging from 90 to 180 minutes from clinic arrival to exit have been reported in primary care, with 60 to 120 minutes of this time spent on registration.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This suggests that patient registration is a crucial process in a typical outpatient clinic cycle that can impact the total clinic waiting time and overall patient experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor a new patient, registration is the process by which healthcare providers collect and record essential information about the patient (including identity, contacts, and demographics), creating a unique identity number used for future interactions and treatment. Patient registration typically precedes consultation with the doctor, except in emergencies when registration can be simultaneously done with treatment or later as the situation dictates.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e However, for the old clinic user, it involves retrieving such records. Patient registration time is particularly challenging in many public and private health facilities in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria, where the penetration of electronic medical records (EMR) and pre-visit appointment systems is still very low.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Thus, patients are registered and attended to on a first-come, first-served basis when they arrive at the medical facility.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This type of registration process could result in long waiting times,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e often linked with few health records and account staff,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e long searches for patients' cards/folders,\u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e and missing cards/folders.\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e This delay at the registration unit has been cited as a source of patient frustration and dissatisfaction with services.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrior studies in our facility assessed patient waiting times over a decade ago or were limited to the staff clinic and not designed to capture the whole patient registration experience.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e \u0026ndash; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e To fill this gap, our study evaluated the registration experience of patients attending our general outpatient clinic, with the specific objectives of determining the waiting time between clinic arrival and commencing payment, time spent at the payment and record windows, and the overall time spent from clinic arrival to the completion of registration. Additionally, we assessed the level of patient dissatisfaction with the registration time and its associated factors. We hope that our findings will assist the clinic managers in identifying points of delay during registration and the perceived reasons for the delay. In addition, it would provide essential pre-intervention data as the hospital plans to implement EMR in this clinic, which would be an important baseline in future monitoring and evaluation once the complete EMR system is operational.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design and setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the general outpatient clinic (GOPC) of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Northwestern Nigeria, in April and May 2024. The GOPC has medical records, accounts, nursing, and pharmacy units. The clinic is overseen by general-duty doctors, residents, and consultants of the Department of Family Medicine. It runs two shifts daily: a morning (8 a.m. \u0026ndash; 2 p.m.) and afternoon (2 p.m. \u0026ndash; 9 p.m.) shifts and sees an average of 200 and 50 undifferentiated patients (aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;13 years) without the national health insurance in the morning and afternoon shifts, respectively. The clinic records show that adult patients (aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years) constitute about 80% of the patients (160) of clinic attendees. This study was conducted on weekdays (Monday to Friday) when most patients visit the clinic. To register in this clinic, the patient joins a queue at the payment window to pay the consultation fee and for folders if they are first-time clinic users. This is followed by the patient moving to the records window, where old patients have their medical folders retrieved manually as the clinic does not operate an EMR system, or essential data was obtained from new patients. Finally, the patient moves to the waiting area, from where they are called into the consultation rooms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy population\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study population comprised patients attending the GOPC. However, only patients who were \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years old and attending the clinic to see a doctor during the study period were included. Critically ill patients, those who participated in the questionnaire pre-testing, and those who declined consent were excluded from the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample size estimation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sample size of 362 was derived using the sample size calculator in Epi info software (version 7) and applying the following variables: an empirical registration time satisfaction rate of 50%, 5% margin of error, 95% confidence interval, and sampling frame of 6400 (estimated number of patients that attends the clinic over 8-weeks; 160 x 5 x 8\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6400)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling method and procedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA systematic sampling method was adopted. A sampling interval of 17 was derived by dividing the sample frame by the sample size (6400/362\u0026thinsp;\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;17). Three trained research assistants (family medicine residents) were used for this study. The first research assistant created a list of patients for registration each clinic day. Using a ballot, the first participant was selected from the first 17 enlisted patients. Subsequently, every 17th patient that met the inclusion criteria was identified and recruited until the sample size was reached, but after explaining the study objectives and procedure and obtaining informed consent. The identified eligible patients were also given a sheet of paper containing their study number as they entered the registration cycle. The first research assistant is finally situated at the payment window, where he receives participants on arrival and documents the arrival time on paper using a pre-calibrated clock. The second research assistant, located at the record\u0026rsquo;s window, collected the sheet of paper from the participant and documented the time of arrival at the records window, while the third research assistant (in the waiting area) received the paper, documented the time of arrival at the waiting area, and completes the study questionnaire in a secluded portion of the waiting area to ensure confidentiality. Double sampling was prevented by recording patient card numbers and encouraging enrolled participants to decline when approached a second time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe developed a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, with an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.82). Trained research assistants, who were fluent in English and Hausa (the dominant local languages), administered the questionnaires. The data collected from participants were their sociodemographics (age, sex, marital status, tribe, religion, employment status, occupation, and educational level), registration characteristics (survey day, clinic shift attended, first-time user status, number of visits in last 3 months), and the clinic cycle times until registration was completed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDefinition and measurement of variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe outcome variable was perceived registration delay (i.e., dissatisfaction with the registration time). Perceived registration delay was assessed using the question: \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Do you think you spent too much time at the records unit?\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/em\u003e A response of \u0026ldquo;yes\u0026rdquo; was defined as a perceived registration delay. The explanatory variables were the sociodemographic and visit characteristics, the waiting time before payment began, time spent at the payment window, time spent at the records window, and time spent between clinic arrival and the end of the registration process. Clinic arrival time was defined as the time the participants reported that they arrived at the clinic. The waiting time before payment commenced was defined as the time between clinic arrival and the arrival at the payment window. Given that the payment and record windows of the clinic are adjacent to each other, we also defined the payment window time as the time spent between arrival at the payment window and arrival at the records window. Finally, the record window time was defined as the time spent between arrival at the records window and arrival at the waiting area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data collected were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7.2.26 (2023). Categorical variables were summarized using frequency tables, while continuous data were presented as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range), depending on data distribution. The Chi-square test was used to determine the factors associated with perceived registration delay at the bivariate level of analysis. We dichotomized how long they had been using the clinic, the number of clinic visits in the last three months, and clinic flow times using their median values, given that they were skewed continuous data. To assess the determinants of perceived registration delay, a multivariate logistic regression model was built using variables with a p-value of less than 1 at the bivariate analysis level, calculating their odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u0026rsquo; sociodemographic characteristics and perceived registration delay\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll 362 participants surveyed were analyzed. Their mean age was 36.0 \u0026plusmn; 14.2 (range: 18 - 95) years. Most participants were female (n=214, 59.1%). Similarly, most participants were unemployed, full-time housewives, and Muslims, with at least secondary school education, as shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, we observe a significant association between employment status, religion, tribe, and perceived registration delay (P \u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026lt;Insert Table 1\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u0026rsquo; visit characteristics, clinic flow times, and perceived registration delay\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e, Most participants were recruited on Monday (n=110, 30.4%). Nearly half (n=180, 49.7%) were first-time clinic users. Among the old clinic users, 110 (60.1%) had used the clinic for \u0026le; 3 years. The median waiting time between clinic arrival and payment commencement was 60 minutes, whereas the median payment and record window times were 20 minutes and 27 minutes, respectively. In addition, the median time spent by participants between clinic arrival and the end of registration was 159 minutes (2.7 hours).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026lt;Insert Table 2\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver a third (38.1%) of participants were dissatisfied with the payment window time (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e). The most common reason for this perception was a long queue or too many patients with few staff at the payment window (n=91, 65.9%). However, 42.5% of participants were dissatisfied with the record window time. However, like the payment window, most participants (n=81, 52.6%) also cited a long queue or too many patients with few staff as the reason for their dissatisfaction with the record window time. \u0026nbsp;Furthermore, of all participants who had previously used the clinic (n=180), nearly a third (n=56, 31.1%) perceived that the record clerk could not immediately find their folders, mainly due to misfiling or missing folders (n=36, 62.1%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the payment window time and the time spent between clinic arrival and completing registration were the only visit characteristics significantly associated with perceived registration delay (P\u0026lt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026lt;Insert Table 3\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDeterminants of perceived registration delay among participants \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing multivariate logistic regression analysis, the participants\u0026rsquo; tribe, payment window time, and time spent between clinic arrival and end of registration were the determinants of perceived delay (\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e). Participants who were of the Igbo, Yoruba, and other minority tribes were 6.8, 4.0, and 9.6 times more likely to report a delayed registration than those who were Fulani. Similarly, participants who spent more than 20 minutes at the payment window were 3.5 times more likely to report a registration delay than those who spent \u0026le; 20 minutes. Finally, participants who spent over 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration were 1.7 times more likely to report a registration delay.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026lt;Insert Table 4\u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe waiting time between arrival at a health facility and contact with the first health worker in a clinic remains crucial to the overall waiting time and patient satisfaction. This study found a remarkable median clinic-arrival to payment-commencement time of 60 minutes. Although a patient could choose when to arrive at the clinic, some scholars report that patients who arrive earlier for an outpatient clinic appointment often expect to be attended to earlier by healthcare professionals.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Suggesting the need to develop a system that meets this huge expectation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a median payment window time of 20 minutes and records window time of 27 minutes observed in this study appears slightly lower than the mean time of 52 minutes used to pay and collect cards in a study in Jos, North Central Nigeria,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e but was much lower than the median registration time (pay and collect card time) of 76 minutes reported in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e However, our median registration time was much higher than the 18 minutes reported in a study in Southwest Ethiopia.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This difference could be due to differing study designs, objectives, settings, and populations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough previous studies did not assess patient perception of the registration time, about four of every ten participants (42.5% ) in this study were dissatisfied with the registration time. In previous studies, this phenomenon has been attributed to card misfiling at the records unit, staff shortages, and simultaneous break times.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e In this study, most patients cited too many patients or long queues with few staff at the records window, while fewer patients reported misfiling or missing folders, staff lateness, and language barriers as reasons for their dissatisfaction with the registration time. This finding indicates the need for interventions to improve patient satisfaction with the registration time by reducing the records window time, as it would reduce the overall clinic cycle time, leading to better patient experience and satisfaction.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Also, deploying electronic medical records would mitigate such factors as misfiling or missing folders, and losing handcards, which would ultimately reduce registration time.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strong association between patients\u0026rsquo; tribe and perceived registration delay time was an interesting finding in this study. We found that besides the Hausa patients, patients from other tribes (Igbo, Yoruba, and other minority tribes) were more likely to report dissatisfaction with the registration time than the Fulani patients. While the complete link between the patients\u0026rsquo; tribe and perceived registration delay is unclear, we suspect that because the clinic is patronized predominantly by Hausa-Fulani patients, they were more likely to be conversant with the operations of the clinic (including the registration process) and therefore are more likely to be comfortable with the registration time. This finding suggests the need for effective patient education on the clinic's registration process, given that when health workers maximize their interpersonal skills by providing relevant information, there is improvement in overall satisfaction with services.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, patients who spent more than 20 minutes at the payment window were 3.5 times more likely to report a registration delay. This finding may indicate that patients are likely to become frustrated after spending 20 minutes in the payment queue and carry this over to the record window, given that making payments was a crucial process to get to the records window in this setting. Therefore, interventions to improve patient satisfaction with registration time must strategically include reducing the payment window time. This may include the need for more payment points, including the use of online payment options that allow patients to make payments even before reaching the clinic, as long queues with few staff were also cited by many patients as the reason for perceived delay at the record window.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, we found that patients who spent more than 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration were 1.7 times more likely to be dissatisfied with the registration time. This finding could reflect the frustration with the time spent on the processes leading to the registration, which includes the time spent between clinic arrival and commencement of payment, the payment window time, and the record window time. This suggests the need for interventions that improve the patient's experience from entry into the clinic until they see their doctor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy weaknesses and strengths\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study was cross-sectional and thus precludes any causal inference between the identified determinants and registration delay. This study also did not evaluate patients who utilized the clinic on weekends, which may be associated with different registration experiences. The clinic arrival time was subjective (patient-reported), and thus, recall bias could not be eliminated. Given the paucity of similar studies on this subject, comparing some of our results with findings from other studies was difficult. However, this study provided recent data on patient registration experience in a resource-constrained primary care setting, highlighting the prevalence of registration delay, points of delay during registration, perceived reasons for delay, and associated factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThere is a high dissatisfaction rate with the registration time in this study. Factors such as employment status, religion, tribe, payment service window time, and total time spent at the end of registration in the primary care clinic were associated with perceived dissatisfactory registration time. Interventions to improve satisfaction with the registration time may require strategies that educate patients on the registration process and reduce the registration cycle time. Deployment of technology (e.g. electronic medical records and online payment options) could significantly reduce registration time, as it offers clear advantages over the current manual process.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committee (NHREC/21/08/2008/AKTH/EC/2740). \u0026nbsp;A written informed consent was obtained from each study participant. The study protocol conformed with all other principles of the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgment\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003es\u003c/strong\u003e: The authors are grateful to the staff of the accounts and medical records unit as well as the residents and consultants of the Department of Family Medicine of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital for their support and inputs. We also appreciate the efforts of the research assistants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e:\u003c/em\u003e This study received no external funding; the authors funded the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eConflict of Interests\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eData availability\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e: Given that consent was not obtained from patients to publicly share the data underlying this article, the data will be shared at a reasonable request by the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eG.C.M \u0026ndash; conception, data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript drafting, revision and final approval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM.L.A. \u0026ndash; data acquisition, data interpretation, manuscript revision, and final approval\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ.A. \u0026ndash; data interpretation, manuscript revision, and final approval\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHogan DR, Stevens GA, Hosseinpoor AR, Boerma T. 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PMID: 35078474; PMCID: PMC8790858.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEkong I, Esan O, Chukwu E, Kawu M. eHealth Adoption on Patients\u0026apos; Pre-Consultation Waiting Time: A Comparative Assessment of Two District Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering (IJITWE) 2020; 15\u003c/em\u003e(2): 102-113. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITWE.2020040105.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObayemi OR, Badru RA, Waheed AA, Akinmoluwa AO, \u0026quot;Voice-Based Patient Registration and Information Retrieval System,\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Recent Engineering Science\u003c/em\u003e 2023; 8(5): 13-20. \u003cstrong\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V8I5P103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRenzi C, Abeni D, Picardi A, Agostini E, Melchi CF, Pasquini P, Puddu P, Braga M. Factors associated with patient satisfaction with care among dermatological outpatients. Br J Dermatol. 2001 Oct;145(4):617-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04445.x. PMID: 11703289.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1: Sociodemographic characteristics and perceived registration delay among participants,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003echaracteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived registration delay\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes, n (%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (7.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(7.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;20-29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124 (34.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(28.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;30-39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90 (24.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (21.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(29.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;40-49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(15.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;50-59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (5.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (5.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026ge;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22(14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mean \u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0 \u0026plusmn; 14.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Female \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214 (59.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129 (62.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85 (55.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Male\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148 (40.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (38.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69 (44.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.847\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e223 (61.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132 (63.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (59.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Single\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102 (28.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (26.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (29.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Divorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Widowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployment status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003csup\u003ef*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Unemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179(49.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109(52.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70(45.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Work for Government\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Work for private\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (9.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Self-employed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (27.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54 (35.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Retired CS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(3.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Full-time housewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107(29.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67 (32.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (26.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Artisan\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (12.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Student\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (14.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Professional\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Trader/ business\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Others\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (15.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (18.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIslam\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284(78.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175(84.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (70.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristianity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78 (21.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33(15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(29.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTribe\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Hausa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224(61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141 (67.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (53.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Fulani\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (8.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (10.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Igbo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Yoruba\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Others\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (16.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFormal education completed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; None\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (16.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (18.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Primary\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (9.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Secondary\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126(34.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 (33.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (36.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Tertiary\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137(37.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (37.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.21649%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSD: Standard deviation; \u003csup\u003ef\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eFisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test; CS: Civil servant; ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: Chi-squared.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2: Visit characteristics, clinic flow time, and perceived registration delay among participants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"96%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 32.9897%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived registration delay\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes, n (%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay surveyed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Monday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (30.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (30.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Tuesday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (17.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Wednesday\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107 (29.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (29.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (29.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Thursday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Friday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (6.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinic shift attended\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Morning\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e259 (71.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157 (75.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102 (66.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Afternoon\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103 (28.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (24.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (33.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst-time user status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Yes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180 (49.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97 (46.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (53.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182 (50.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111 (53.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (46.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow long have you been using this clinic (weeks)?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 (60.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (57.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (64.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;157-1404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (39.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48 (42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (35.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156 (32-312)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWT before starting payments (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185 (51.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 (52.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75 (48.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;61-350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177 (48.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (47.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (51.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (15-120)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of visits in last 3 months (n=183)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97 (53.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (50.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (56.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2-7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86 (44.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 (49.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (43.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1-2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePayment window time (min)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197 (54.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142 (68.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 (35.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;21-540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165 (45.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (31.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99 (64.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (10-35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecords window time (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183 (50.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101 (48.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82 (53.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;28-406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179 (49.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107 (51.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72 (46.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (15-70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinic arrival to end of registration time (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182 (50.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117 (56.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (42.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;160-660\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180 (49.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (43.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89 (57.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 31.9588%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Median (IQR) (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158.5 (100 \u0026ndash; 220)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.5258%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.4639%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.27835%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWT: Waiting time; IQR: Interquartile range; ꭓ\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eChi square test; Min: Minutes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3: Perception of registration delay among participants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you think you spent too much time making the payment?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138 (38.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224 (61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you think you spent too much time at the Records Unit?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154 (42.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208 (57.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you have an old case folder in this hospital?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180 (49.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182 (50.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDid the record clerk find your previous (old) case folders? (n=180)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124 (68.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (31.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerceived reasons for delays at the Payment Window (n=138) *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Network problem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (22.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Staff lateness/ No staff on duty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (20.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Long queue/too many patients with few staff\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (65.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Refusing to accept cash\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerceived reasons for delays at the Record window (n=154) *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Long queue/Too many patients with few staff\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81 (52.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Misfiling or missing folder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Awaiting the supply of new folder jackets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;No electricity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Language barrier/too many questions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Staff lateness/ has gone to pray\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (8.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerceived reasons for not finding their old case folders (n=58) *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Misfiling or missing folder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (87.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;My folder is in another department\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (5.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;I lost my handcard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82.8283%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Don\u0026rsquo;t know\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17.1717%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*Some provided more than one reason.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4: Determinants of perceived registration delay among participants \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"99%\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployment status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Company worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Government worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13 \u0026ndash; 1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Self employed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54 \u0026ndash; 3.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.548\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Unemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40 \u0026ndash; 2.26\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Retired civil servant\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78 \u0026ndash; 41.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Christianity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Islam\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50 \u0026ndash; 3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.528\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTribe\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Fulani\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Hausa\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79 \u0026ndash; 9.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Igbo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.42 \u0026ndash; 32.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yoruba\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14 \u0026ndash; 14.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.030*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Others\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47 \u0026ndash; 37.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDay surveyed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Monday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46 \u0026ndash; 3.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.671\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Tuesday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40 \u0026ndash; 3.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Wednesday\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54 \u0026ndash; 4.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Thursday\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79 \u0026ndash; 6.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Friday\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinic shift attended\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Morning\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49 \u0026ndash; 1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.565\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Afternoon\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime spent at the payment window (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-20 (\u0026le; 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;21-540 (\u0026gt; 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.16 \u0026ndash; 5.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime spent between clinic arrival and end of registration (min)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0-159 (\u0026le; 2.65 hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65.3061%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 160-660 (\u0026gt; 2.65 hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.16327%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16.3265%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04 \u0026ndash; 2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.2041%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":true,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-health-services-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bhsr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Health Services Research](http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/BHSR/default.aspx","title":"BMC Health Services Research","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"healthcare access, electronic medical records, registration time, waiting time, patient satisfaction, primary care","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6522861/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6522861/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e: \u003c/em\u003eInequity in healthcare access remains a critical issue on the global agenda. Prolonged clinic waiting time is a known barrier to healthcare access and an important measure of healthcare quality. However, in Nigeria, patients’ perception of registration time in the primary care clinic is still incompletely understood.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjectives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e: To assess perceived outpatient clinic registration delay and its determinants in a Nigerian primary care setting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e: This cross-sectional study involved 362 patients randomly selected from general outpatient clinic attendees of a Nigerian tertiary hospital in 2024. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect essential data (demographic data, registration characteristics, and clinic cycle times). Data were analyzed using Epi Info software.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e: Participants' mean age was 36.0±14.2 years, with most being female(n=214, 59.1%). Most were Muslims(78.4%) from the Hausa tribe(61.9%). Participants spent a median of 60 minutes between clinic arrival and commencing payment, 20 minutes at the payment window, 27 minutes at the record window, and 159 minutes between clinic arrival and completing registration. About 42.5% of participants reported a delay at the records window, mainly citing too many patients/long queues with few staff as the cause. Participants’ tribe, payment window time, and time spent between clinic arrival and completing registration were the determinants of perceived registration delay.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e: The dissatisfaction rate with registration time was high. To improve patient satisfaction with registration time would require strategic interventions. Deploying technology (alternative payment options, and electronic medical records) to reduce registration cyle time and educating patients on the registration process could be useful interventions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigating perceived delay in outpatient clinic registration: insights from a primary care setting in Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-30 05:30:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6522861/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-13T22:57:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"151236418128878356521300591019498480061","date":"2025-06-02T21:59:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"45420508510657911109353792643745965282","date":"2025-05-28T08:59:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"124204119815545623291512347637048164475","date":"2025-05-28T05:07:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"225584958211872532379831692736010603107","date":"2025-05-16T09:49:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T08:36:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-25T15:15:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-25T01:00:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-25T00:58:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Health Services Research","date":"2025-04-24T17:14:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-health-services-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bhsr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Health Services Research](http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/BHSR/default.aspx","title":"BMC Health Services Research","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"23b66197-3c5e-4207-a275-ca676de7fc5b","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-30T05:30:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-30 05:30:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6522861","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6522861","identity":"rs-6522861","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}