The potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps at different ages

The potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps at different ages | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps at different ages Hind Saeed Alzahrani This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Dental examination lamps (DELs) enhance visual acuity and focus during surgical procedures and clinical exams in dental clinics. Prolonged exposure to high-intensity light can cause thermal burns and toxicities in eyes. This study examined the risk of damage to the eyes from blue radiation emitted by DELs, considering lens spectral transmission at different ages. Methods The spectrum irradiance of 14 types of DELs manufactured by 14 companies was measured using a Hopoocolour OHSP350S spectrometer. The blue weighted radiances (L B ) were computed for direct viewing at 30 cm and indirect viewing at distances of 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm. The maximum daily exposure duration (t max ) was computed only for the direct viewing of light across different ages (1–70 years old). Results LED-based DELs have peak blue spectral radiances of between 440 and 450 nm. Indirectly viewing any of the tested DELs is safe. DEL characteristics and human eye light transmission at different ages determined the direct viewing L B values as ranging from 3 to 483 W.m -2 .sr -1 . Luna, with the lowest blue light radiance of 0.09 ± 0.05, has the longest t max value. The shortest t max value was obtained with SKEMA 6, which had the highest mean blue light radiance of 4.75 ± 3.41. Conclusion Retinal tissue damage from cumulative direct light viewing decreases from 1 to 70 years of age. This decrease in retinal tissue damage rises with blue light radiance. The maximum acceptable ocular exposure limits for DELs and ages were computed to inform decisions on avoiding blue light. blue light hazard dental examination lamps exposure human age Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4045873","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":278204954,"identity":"016631ff-6e1f-4ee1-b16d-b45cb4a99b04","order_by":0,"name":"Hind Saeed Alzahrani","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAwwGBxh+2CSAOQkFxGph7ElLYGADaTEgUgsDA9thiBYGYrTwHW/eeOAHz/k8fvnuxA8PDBjk+cUO4NcieeZYwcEei9vFkm28myWADjOcOTsBvxaDGzkGB3h4biduOMa7AaQlweA2EVoO/mE7B9Ky+QfRWg7zsB0AadlGnC0gvxyW7UlOnNmWu80iwUCCsF+AIbb545sfdon9zGc33/xRYSPPL01ACzqQIE35KBgFo2AUjALsAAA3XkqrAgAd2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Taif University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hind","middleName":"Saeed","lastName":"Alzahrani","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-08 15:05:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":52542243,"identity":"ba949001-3169-4e25-8db6-e618f9dd7b16","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-12 17:39:53","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":764470,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExperimental setup showing the arrangement of direct (a) and indirect measurements (b) of DEL. This irradiance measurements were done by using a Hopoocolour OHSP350S spectrometer with extended fibre and a High-performance sensor. Figures created with BioRender.com.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4045873/v1/78b7490c957c5bc04951e848.png"},{"id":52542244,"identity":"68b2dc96-17d3-4c88-81db-b97d26f88a1e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-12 17:39:53","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":785876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mean radiance of direct and indirect light viewing from all dental examination lamps (DELs).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4045873/v1/ae7c61523fdd86e2eca86bee.png"},{"id":52542245,"identity":"14e61297-04f3-41e3-b00e-62e8245fab83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-12 17:39:53","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":637724,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe change in blue light weighted radiance (L\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e) values with age for different DELs types.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4045873/v1/ad718dd825e8fc43d95d6de0.png"},{"id":55320967,"identity":"91e868e1-986e-43ea-8685-c88bdfebbc7e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-25 16:16:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":576361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4045873/v1_covered_83b9312c-9486-4d69-9a5f-8f383a6126cb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps at different ages","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"blue light hazard, dental examination lamps, exposure, human age ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground \u003c/strong\u003eDental examination lamps\u0026nbsp;(DELs) enhance visual acuity and focus during surgical procedures and clinical exams in dental clinics. Prolonged exposure to high-intensity light can cause thermal burns and toxicities in eyes. This study examined the risk of damage to the eyes from blue radiation emitted by DELs, considering lens spectral transmission\u0026nbsp;at different ages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e The spectrum irradiance of 14 types of DELs manufactured by 14 companies was measured using a Hopoocolour OHSP350S spectrometer. The blue weighted radiances (L\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e) were computed for direct viewing at 30 cm and indirect viewing at distances of 30 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm. The maximum daily exposure duration (t\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e) was computed only for the direct viewing of light across different ages (1–70 years old).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e LED-based DELs have peak blue spectral radiances of between 440 and 450 nm. Indirectly viewing any of the tested DELs\u0026nbsp;is safe. DEL\u0026nbsp;characteristics and human eye light transmission at different ages determined the direct viewing L\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e values as ranging from 3 to 483 W.m\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e.sr\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Luna, with the lowest blue light radiance of 0.09 ± 0.05, has the longest t\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e value. The shortest t\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e value was obtained with SKEMA 6, which had the highest mean blue light radiance\u0026nbsp;of 4.75 ± 3.41.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion \u003c/strong\u003eRetinal tissue damage from cumulative direct light viewing decreases from 1 to 70 years of age. This decrease in retinal tissue damage rises with blue light radiance. The maximum acceptable ocular exposure limits for DELs and ages were computed to inform decisions on avoiding blue light.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The potential retinal blue hazard from dental examination lamps at different ages","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-12 17:39:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4045873/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"60583487-0db0-42b6-a045-7e52e0570cab","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 12th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-25T16:15:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-12 17:39:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4045873","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4045873","identity":"rs-4045873","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}