A study of the long-term trend of CO 2 emission over the Indian region during 1970-2021

A study of the long-term trend of CO 2 emission over the Indian region during 1970-2021 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A study of the long-term trend of CO 2 emission over the Indian region during 1970-2021 Subodh Kumar, Pratyush Mishra This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484857/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO₂) refers to a highly potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that is mainly a result of the burning of fossil fuels and subsequently contributes to global warming and climate change. The concern and addressal of such GHG emissions assume high importance in order to counter the effects on the environmental stability. This study analyzes the statistical trends of CO₂ emissions based on 52 years of Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) data (1970-2021) in the context of a rapidly urbanizing environment in India. This study reveals that countries such as China, the United States of America, Russia, and India are the top greenhouse gas emitters. A linear trend analysis shows that Indian CO₂ emissions are augmenting at a faster rate compared to the global average. Fossil fuels are found to be the dominating sources of Indian CO₂ emissions, which are mainly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Northern India. Industrial production of electricity, heat, manufacturing industries, construction, road transport, residential sectors, manufacturing, and forest fires are identified as top-blue contributing sectors of fossil fuels. Biogenic CO₂ emissions are mainly contributed by residential sectors, manufacturing, and forest fires. This study highlights the need for focused strategies to counter climate change. CO₂ emissions Climate change Emission trends Mitigation strategies India Fossil fuel emissions Biogenic emissions EDGAR Sectoral Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8484857","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":598731756,"identity":"dbe09d4c-ba98-4f4a-8216-693cf8da9998","order_by":0,"name":"Subodh Kumar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYG3gYQCUQJBgyM/SDBhALitRgwzmxgAOslqAXCYGAwYNxwAEzj1iA/I/fgg7c76mTM+dceYHhQ8Ed28/nViR8eGDDI84sdwKrF4EZesuHcM4d5LGe8SwA5zHjbjbebJYAOM5w5OwG7FokcM2netgM8BjfOGIC0JG67cXYDSEuCwW3sWuRngLXUIbRsnnF28w98WhhugLUw8xic74Fo2cDfuw2vLQZn3gH90nYYaAuPwYEEA2PjGTd4t1kkGEjg9It8OyjE2ursDc6fMXz444+cbH//2c03f1TYyPNL43AYHEgkMByAMUAkAeUgwH8AnTEKRsEoGAWjAAIA/Jtjm1JExVIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Subodh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":598731760,"identity":"9444ac35-240e-4a3d-a283-7c3ef3dc2f17","order_by":1,"name":"Pratyush Mishra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pratyush","middleName":"","lastName":"Mishra","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-31 01:23:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484857/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484857/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105155908,"identity":"ef296e73-b207-4161-92a3-628fe28ae19d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-22 17:54:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1249393,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CO2PaperManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8484857/v1_covered_c0d83d41-2c37-4026-8142-34402c9e4f94.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A study of the long-term trend of CO 2 emission over the Indian region during 1970-2021","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"CO₂ emissions, Climate change, Emission trends, Mitigation strategies, India, Fossil fuel emissions, Biogenic emissions, EDGAR, Sectoral","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484857/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8484857/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO₂) refers to a highly potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that is mainly a result of the burning of fossil fuels and subsequently contributes to global warming and climate change. 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