HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among selected urban dwellers in Uganda; a cross-sectional survey

HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among selected urban dwellers in Uganda; a cross-sectional survey | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among selected urban dwellers in Uganda; a cross-sectional survey Doreen Nakalembe, Bridget Nagawa Tamale, Trinah Kyomugisha, Aisha Nalugya, and 9 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4907098/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background In Uganda, urban centers face a high prevalence of HIV, exacerbated by misinformation, low testing rates, and non-disclosure of HIV status. However, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure within these urban centers remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV testing, misinformation, and non-disclosure in selected urban centers of West Nile, Eastern and Northern Uganda to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving HIV awareness, increasing the uptake of HIV testing services, and facilitating disclosure. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 930 households in five urban centres in Uganda. A multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of participants. A digitized structured questionnaire preloaded on the KoboCollect mobile application. Data were downloaded in Microsoft Excel and exported into Stata version 14 for statistical analysis. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variables. Results About 93.2% of respondents were misinformed about HIV, 20.8% had not disclosed their HIV status, and 3.3% had never been tested for HIV. Having a primary level of education (PR:0.96, 95% CI:0.93–0.99, p = 0.035) and spending more than 6 years in the area (PR: 1.05, 95% CI:1.00-1.10, p = 0.029) were associated with “HIV-related misinformation.” Being knowledgeable about some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby (PR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.07, p = 0.024) was associated with “HIV testing”. Being married (PR:0.89, 95% CI:0.65 − 0.12, p < 0.001 was associated with “non-disclosure” of HIV status. Conclusion A high proportion of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS, although the majority had been tested and disclosed their serostatus to partners. HIV/AIDS-related misinformation was associated with having a primary education and residing in the area for more than six years. Additionally, knowledge of special medications that healthcare providers can give to women with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies predicted HIV testing. Disclosure of HIV status was more common among those who were married or widowed. This study suggests the need for intentional educative interventions with clear and correct HIV/AIDs messages to improve knowledge, increase testing, and facilitate the disclosure of HIV status. Background The HIV/AIDs pandemic remains a major public health concern. Over 40.1 million lives have been lost since the index case of HIV was reported 63 years ago [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite the advancement in HIV treatment, care, and prevention services [ 3 ], 39 million people were living with HIV and an estimated 650,000 lives were lost due to AIDS-related causes in 2022 [ 4 , 5 ]. More than 54% of people living with HIV are women and girls [ 6 ], and two-thirds (25.6 million) reside in Africa [ 1 ]. The first case of HIV/AIDS in Uganda was reported in 1982 [ 7 ]. The HIV prevalence is estimated at 5.8% among adults, 7.2% among women, and 4.3% among men [ 8 ]. The HIV prevalence among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years shows a disparity between genders, with 1.7% of girls and 0.2% of boys affected [ 9 ]. In comparison, among adults, 13.6% of women aged 50 to 54 years and 11.1% of men aged 45 to 49 years are living with HIV [ 9 ]. Notably, urban areas in Uganda report a higher prevalence (7.5%) compared to rural areas (5.8%) and the general population (5.1%) [ 10 ]. The high HIV/AIDS prevalence is driven by several factors including high-risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partnerships, incorrect and inconsistent condom use, and sex under the influence of psychoactive substances [ 11 – 15 ]. Misinformation and misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, alongside low rates of HIV testing and disclosure, further complicate efforts to curb the epidemic [ 16 – 18 ]. According to the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), over 52% of women and 51% of men have limited or no comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS [ 19 ]. Misinformation about HIV/AIDS significantly impacts public health efforts by perpetuating stigma, hindering prevention strategies, and undermining treatment adherence [ 18 , 20 – 22 ]. Widespread misconceptions, such as beliefs in ineffective remedies (e.g., beliefs that HIV can be cured through traditional sacrifices or by having sex with a virgin) or modes of transmission (mosquito bites or casual contact), contribute to reluctance to seek testing and treatment, and increased risky behaviors [ 18 , 20 , 21 ]. This misinformation not only jeopardizes individual health outcomes but also challenges community-wide efforts to control the spread of HIV/AIDS [ 18 , 20 – 22 ]. The coverage of HIV testing and disclosure is still suboptimal in Uganda. Whereas HIV testing is crucial for early detection and early treatment initiation[ 23 ], 90% of the population in Uganda know their status, which falls short of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets of 95% [ 24 ]. [ 10 ]. Moreover, HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, a key prevention measure, remains low due to fear of stigma and discrimination [ 25 , 26 ]. This lack of disclosure further perpetuates the spread of HIV. To address HIV-related misinformation, promote testing, and encourage disclosure, several interventions have been implemented. Globally, organizations like UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) have spearheaded campaigns such as the “World AIDS Days,” which focus on raising awareness, dispelling myths, and encouraging testing [ 27 ]. These initiatives include comprehensive education programs and media campaigns to disseminate accurate information about HIV transmission and prevention [ 27 ]. Uganda prioritizes control of HIV and AIDS within the country’s third National Development Plan 2020/21–2024/25 (NDP III) [ 28 ]. The country is also implementing the Presidential Fast-Track Initiative on Ending AIDS as a Public Health Threat in Uganda by 2030 (PFTI), launched by the president in June 2017 and the Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth (PIASCY) [ 28 – 30 ]. The National HIV Strategic Plan 2020/2021–2024/2025 highlights strategies and actions to implement high-impact, evidence-informed interventions, and innovations [ 28 – 30 ]. Despite these significant efforts, the prevalence of HIV remains high, especially in urban areas [ 10 ]. Moreover, the persistence of HIV-related myths and misconceptions indicates that these efforts have not fully addressed the root causes of misinformation. While interventions have targeted dissemination of accurate information for behaviour change, factors associated with the persistent misinformation, particularly in urban areas require further exploration. This study, therefore, assessed HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among urban dwellers in Uganda. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial for developing more effective, culturally sensitive interventions that can mitigate the impact of misinformation, enhance HIV testing rates, and improve health outcomes. Materials and methods Study design and setting The study applied a cross-sectional design to obtain data from participants in five urban centers in Uganda. These included the town councils of Namasale, Ngora, and Nyero and the municipalities of Koboko and Kumi. Kumi municipality, Ngora and Nyero town councils are situated in the Eastern part of Uganda, close to Soroti and Mbale Cities [ 31 ]. Kumi district, the home of Kumi Municipality and Nyero town council, has 35 healthcare facilities (HCFs), of which 3 are clinics, 17 are HCIIs, 8 are HCIIIs, 3 are HCIVs and 4 are hospitals [ 32 ]. Ngora district, the home of Ngora town council, has 15 HCFs, of which 7 are HCIIs, 6 are HCIIIs, 1 HCIV and one hospital [ 32 ]. Conversely, Koboko District, where Koboko Municipality lies, is located in the West Nile Region of Uganda, approximately 55km away from Arua city [ 33 ]. The district has 21 HCFs, comprising four clinics, 9 HCIIs, 7 HCIIIs and one hospital [ 32 ]. Namasale town council, situated in Northern Uganda, is roughly 154 km and 143 km from Soroti and Lira Cities, respectively [ 34 ]. Amolatar district, where Namasale town council is located, has 15 HCFs, of which 2 are clinics, 8 are HCIIs, 3 are HCIIIs, 1 HCIV and one hospital [ 32 ]. Study population, eligibility criteria, sample size estimation, and sampling The study population included householders or their next of kin. We included individuals aged 18 years and above who had been residents for at least six months and excluded those who were sick and those who declined to consent. The Kish Leslie formula for cross-sectional studies was used to estimate the required sample. A proportion of non-disclosure of HIV status of 50.0% (due to limited literature on non-disclosure of HIV status in urban settings), a z score of 1.96 corresponding to the 95% level of confidence, and a margin of error of 5% was used to estimate a minimum sample size of 385 respondents. Factoring in a 2.0 design effect due to variance distortion between urban centers [ 35 , 36 ] and a nonresponse rate of 20% [ 37 , 38 ], we obtained a minimum sample size of 924. The nonresponse rate was informed by previous literature [ 37 , 38 ] and experience conducting surveys in urban areas. Most of the respondents in urban areas are often too busy and fatigued to participate in interviews. Namasale Town Council, for example, is a landing site where a considerable proportion of the population is engaged in fishing [ 39 ] and is not often available to participate in research activities. Additionally, Koboko Municipality is a border town where some individuals engage in cross-border trade [ 40 ], limiting their participation. We used a multistage sampling technique to select respondents. The first stage involved the purposive selection of five urban centers to benefit from the World Bank-funded Integrated Water Management and Development Project. As a risk mitigation measure, the project required a rapid assessment of HIV-related knowledge and practices and gender-based violence. The second stage involved the purposive selection of divisions and parishes to benefit from piped water supply. Afterward, we obtained a list of the cells/villages and households in the selected divisions from the local council leadership. We then randomly selected study cells/ villages and households using the Microsoft Excel randomizer. At the household level, the research assistants purposively selected the householders and, in their absence, the next of kin was interviewed. Data collection procedures, quality assurance, and control The study utilized an electronic structured questionnaire created using KoboCollect software. The questionnaire included skips and validation criteria to minimize errors and incorporated standardized questions from the Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) [ 41 ]. All questions were mandatory to reduce missing data. Participants who chose not to answer a specific question were provided with the option to select "declined to answer." All research assistants underwent a two-day training to familiarize themselves with the data collection tools, ethical principles, and the study protocol. The questionnaire was pretested in Mukono municipality to enhance clarity and determine the interview duration. Mukono municipality was selected due to its similar characteristics with the selected urban centers where the study was conducted. Research assistants received thorough supervision to ensure adherence to the study protocol and ethical guidelines. Debriefing sessions were conducted at the end of each field day to address any challenges encountered. Data were uploaded to the server daily and checked for completeness by the data manager. Study variables and measurement Outcome variables The outcome variables included HIV-related misinformation, ever testing for HIV, and disclosure of HIV status. HIV-related misinformation We used a total of 15 questions to establish HIV-related misinformation about HIV/AIDS. Respondents were asked if a man/woman had HIV, would his/her partner also have HIV (Yes = 0, No = 1), if people could get HIV infection or AIDS from mosquito bites (Yes = 0, No = 1), if people could get HIV by sharing food with a person who had AIDs (Yes = 0, No = 1), if people could get HIV because of witchcraft or other supernatural means (Yes = 0, No = 1), if HIV was treated by prayer (Yes = 0, No = 1), if HIV was treated by herbal medicine (Yes = 0, No = 1), if it was possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV (Yes = 1, No = 0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy (Yes = 1, No = 0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery (Yes = 1, No = 0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding (Yes = 1, No = 0), if people reduced their chances of getting HIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who had no other sex partners (Yes = 1, No = 0), if people reduced their chance of getting HIV by using a condom every time they had sex (Yes = 1, No = 0), if someone prevented her/himself from acquiring HIV/AIDs through abstinence (Yes = 1, No = 0), if safe male circumcision helped to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDs (Yes = 1, No = 0), and if there were any special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby (Yes = 1, No = 0). The total score for HIV-related misinformation for each respondent was obtained by adding up scores obtained from each question. Respondents who had a total score of 15 were considered informed while those who scored between 0 to 14 were misinformed. HIV testing and non-disclosure of the HIV status The prevalence of HIV testing was established by asking respondents if they had ever tested for HIV. The variable was coded "1" for respondents who had ever tested and "0" for those who had never. Non-disclosure of HIV status was measured using self-reports. Respondents who had ever tested for HIV were asked if they had ever disclosed their status to their most recent sexual partner. Those who responded "No" were coded as "1" and those who responded "Yes" were coded as "0". Independent variables The independent variables included age, sex, highest level of education, religion, marital status, years spent in the area, type of housing, employment status, and perceived social status. Perceived social status was assessed using the McArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status [ 42 ]. Respondents were presented with a diagram of a ladder with 10 rungs, representing the socio-economic spectrum, from those best off at the top to those worst off at the bottom. Participants selected the rung that they believed represented their position relative to others in their community. Based on their responses, social status was categorized as follows: individuals placing themselves on the upper rungs (7–10) were categorized as having high social status, those on the middle rungs (4–6) were considered to have medium social status, and those on the lower rungs (1–3) were classified as having low social status [ 42 ]. Data management and statistical analyses Data were downloaded as a Microsoft Excel file, cleaned, and later exported to STATA version 14.0 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the variables. Categorical variables were summarized using proportions and percentages. Data were stratified by sex and age category of the respondent. Stratifying by age and sex helps to create a representative sample that accurately reflects the population's diversity, allowing for more precise and meaningful analyses [ 43 ]. The prevalence of the outcomes of interest (HIV misinformation, testing, and non-disclosure) were above 10% [ 44 ], therefore a Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the dependent variables. Variables whose p-values were less than 0.25 at bivariate were included in the multivariable analysis. The inclusion of variables with a p-value less than 0.25 ensures a broader range of variables in the analysis which allows for a more extensive adjustment for potential confounders [ 45 ]. Even though the age and sex of the respondents were not significant during the bivariate analysis, they were included in the multivariable analysis to control for confounding [ 46 ]. Model building was done by using the backward elimination method where all potential predictors with a p-value of less than 0.25 were initially introduced in the multivariable model. Throughout the process, the least significant variables, indicated by the highest p-values, were systematically removed one by one. This step-by-step reduction continued until only the most statistically significant variables remained which were less than 0.05 at a 95% level of confidence, which ensured that the final model was parsimonious and robust. Results Socio-demographic characteristics A total of 930 respondents were interviewed. Of whom, 74.0% (688/930) were females, 77.4% (720/930) were either married or cohabiting, 30.8% (286/930) were Roman Catholics and 38.9% (362/930) had attained primary as their highest level of education. A higher proportion of females, 63.1% (434/688) compared to the males, 52.9% (128/242) had a low perceived social status. A lower proportion of respondents aged 25 years and above 16.2% (135/831) compared to those aged between 18 and 24 years, 18.2% (18/99) had semi-permanent housing (Table 1 ). Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics among respondents Variable Category Overall (N = 930) Sex of respondent Age-category (Years) Female (n = 688) Male (n = 242) 18–24 (n = 99) 25 and above (n = 831) Marital status Divorced/Separated 82 (8.8) 78 (11.3) 4 (1.7) 3 (3.0) 79 (9.5) Married/ Cohabiting 720 (77.4) 504 (73.3) 216 (89.3) 65 (65.7) 655 (78.8) never married/Single 63 (6.8) 45 (6.5) 18 (7.4) 31 (31.3) 32 (3.9) Widow/Widower 65 (7.0) 61 (8.9) 4 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 65 (7.8) Religion Anglican 405 (43.5) 297 (43.2) 108 (44.6) 48 (48.5) 357 (43.0) Muslim 107 (11.5) 85 (12.4) 22 (9.1) 13 (13.1) 94 (11.3) Other 12 (1.3) 10 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 11 (1.3) Pentecost/Born again 120 (12.9) 92 (13.4) 28 (11.6) 7 (7.1) 113 (13.6) Roman Catholic 286 (30.8) 204 (29.7) 82 (33.9) 30 (30.3) 256 (30.8) Highest level of education No formal education 85 (9.1) 78 (11.3) 7 (2.9) 3 (3.0) 82 (9.9) Primary 362 (38.9) 299 (43.5) 63 (26.0) 38 (38.4) 324 (39.0) Secondary 301 (32.4) 199 (28.9) 102 (42.1) 49 (49.5) 252 (30.3) Tertiary 182 (19.6) 112 (16.3) 70 (28.9) 9 (9.1) 173 (20.8) Perceived social status Low 562 (60.4) 434 (63.1) 128 (52.9) 62 (62.6) 500 (60.2) Middle 339 (36.5) 234 (34.0) 105 (43.4) 33 (33.3) 306 (36.8) High 29 (3.1) 20 (2.9) 9 (3.7) 4 (4.0) 25 (3.0) Type of housing Permanent 609 (65.5) 459 (66.7) 150 (62.0) 60 (60.6) 549 (66.1) Semi-permanent 153 (16.5) 103 (15.0) 50 (20.7) 18 (18.2) 135 (16.2) Temporary 168 (18.1) 126 (18.3) 42 (17.4) 21 (21.2) 147 (17.7) Years spent in the area 1–5 years 258 (27.7) 219 (31.8) 39 (16.1) 51 (51.5) 207 (24.9) 6–10 years 86 (9.2) 71 (10.3) 15 (6.2) 9 (9.1) 77 (9.3) Above 10 years 586 (63.0) 398 (57.8) 188 (77.7) 39 (39.4) 547 (65.8) Awareness of HIV/AIDS About 93.2% (867/930) of the respondents were misinformed about HIV. A higher proportion of females, 57.0% (392/688) compared to males, 46.3% (112/242) mentioned that a man/woman always had HIV if the counterpart was also infected. A higher proportion of females, 10.2% (70/688) compared to males, 5.8% (14/242) mentioned that people could get HIV infection or AIDS from mosquito bites. A higher proportion of males, 13.6% (33/242) compared to females, 6.7% (46/688) mentioned that HIV could not be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery. A lower proportion of males, 21.5% (52/242) compared to females, 11.8% (81/688) mentioned that HIV could not be transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding. About 63.6% (63/99) of the respondents aged between 18 and 24 years mentioned that they would want to keep it as a secrete if a member of the family got infected with the HIV/AIDS virus. About 12.6% (105/831) of the respondents aged 25 years and above mentioned that a wife was not justified in asking her husband to use a condom when they had sex if she knew that she could get a disease during sexual intercourse. About 90.5% (842/930) of the respondents mentioned that people can reduce their chances of getting the HIV/AIDs virus by using a condom every time they had sex. About 95.7% (890/930) of the respondents mentioned that someone can prevent him/herself from acquiring HIV/AIDs through abstinence. More than a quarter, 28.5% (265/930) of the respondents mentioned that male circumcision cannot help to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDs. About 30.5% (284/930) of the respondents mentioned that there were no special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby. About 12.3% (114/930) of the respondents mentioned that they would not buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper or vendor if they knew that the person had the HIV/AIDs virus. About 8.0% (74/930) of the respondents mentioned that they would not be willing to care for a family member in case he/she became sick within their household (Table 2 ). Table 2 Awareness of HIV/AIDS in Urban centers Uganda Variable Category Overall (N = 930) Sex of respondent Age-category (years) Female (n = 688) Male (n = 242) 18–24 (n = 99) 25 and above (n = 831) A man/woman always has HIV if the counterpart is also infected No 426 (45.8) 296 (43.0) 130 (53.7) 44 (44.4) 382 (46.0) Yes 504 (54.2) 392 (57.0) 112 (46.3) 55 (55.6) 449 (54.0) It is possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV No 113 (12.2) 83 (12.1) 30 (12.4) 21 (21.2) 92 (11.1) Yes 817 (87.8) 605 (87.9) 212 (87.6) 78 (78.8) 739 (88.9) Knows of a place(s) where people can get tested for HIV No 32 (3.4) 24 (3.5) 8 (3.3) 9 (9.1) 23 (2.8) Yes 898 (96.6) 664 (96.5) 234 (96.7) 90 (90.9) 808 (97.2) People can get HIV infection or AIDS from mosquito bites No 846 (91.0) 618 (89.8) 228 (94.2) 90 (90.9) 756 (91.0) Yes 84 (9.0) 70 (10.2) 14 (5.8) 9 (9.1) 75 (9.0) People can get the HIV/AIDs virus by sharing food with a person who has AIDs No 893 (96.0) 657 (95.5) 236 (97.5) 95 (96.0) 798 (96.0) Yes 37 (4.0) 31 (4.5) 6 (2.5) 4 (4.0) 33 (4.0) People can get the HIV/AIDS virus because of witchcraft or other supernatural means No 881 (94.7) 656 (95.3) 225 (93.0) 95 (96.0) 786 (94.6) Yes 49 (5.3) 32 (4.7) 17 (7.0) 4 (4.0) 45 (5.4) HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy No 458 (49.2) 327 (47.5) 131 (54.1) 54 (54.5) 404 (48.6) Yes 472 (50.8) 361 (52.5) 111 (45.9) 45 (45.5) 427 (51.4) HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery No 79 (8.5) 46 (6.7) 33 (13.6) 14 (14.1) 65 (7.8) Yes 851 (91.5) 642 (93.3) 209 (86.4) 85 (85.9) 766 (92.2) HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding No 133 (14.3) 81 (11.8) 52 (21.5) 20 (20.2) 113 (13.6) Yes 797 (85.7) 607 (88.2) 190 (78.5) 79 (79.8) 718 (86.4) People can reduce their chances of getting the HIV virus by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners No 81 (8.7) 66 (9.6) 15 (6.2) 10 (10.1) 71 (8.5) Yes 849 (91.3) 622 (90.4) 227 (93.8) 89 (89.9) 760 (91.5) People can reduce their chance of getting the HIV/AIDS virus by using a condom every time they have sex No 88 (9.5) 71 (10.3) 17 (7.0) 10 (10.1) 78 (9.4) Yes 842 (90.5) 617 (89.7) 225 (93.0) 89 (89.9) 753 (90.6) Someone can prevent her/himself from acquiring HIV/AIDS through abstinence No 40 (4.3) 33 (4.8) 7 (2.9) 6 (6.1) 34 (4.1) Yes 890 (95.7) 655 (95.2) 235 (97.1) 93 (93.9) 797 (95.9) Male circumcision can help to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS No 265 (28.5) 200 (29.1) 65 (26.9) 29 (29.3) 236 (28.4) Yes 665 (71.5) 488 (70.9) 177 (73.1) 70 (70.7) 595 (71.6) There are some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby No 284 (30.5) 196 (28.5) 88 (36.4) 34 (34.3) 250 (30.1) Yes 646 (69.5) 492 (71.5) 154 (63.6) 65 (65.7) 581 (69.9) Would buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper or vendor if you knew that this person had the HIV/AIDS virus No 114 (12.3) 92 (13.4) 22 (9.1) 18 (18.2) 96 (11.6) Yes 816 (87.7) 596 (86.6) 220 (90.9) 81 (81.8) 735 (88.4) Would want to keep as a secret if a member of the family got infected with the HIV/AIDS virus No 357 (38.4) 249 (36.2) 108 (44.6) 36 (36.4) 321 (38.6) Yes 573 (61.6) 439 (63.8) 134 (55.4) 63 (63.6) 510 (61.4) Would be willing to care for the family member in case he/she became sick within the respondent's household No 74 (8.0) 65 (9.4) 9 (3.7) 6 (6.1) 68 (8.2) Yes 856 (92.0) 623 (90.6) 233 (96.3) 93 (93.9) 763 (91.8) A female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching in school if she has the HIV/AIDS virus but is not sick No 100 (10.8) 84 (12.2) 16 (6.6) 9 (9.1) 91 (11.0) Yes 830 (89.2) 604 (87.8) 226 (93.4) 90 (90.9) 740 (89.0) Children aged 10–14 years should be taught about using a condom to avoid getting HIV/AIDS No 480 (51.6) 371 (53.9) 109 (45.0) 58 (58.6) 422 (50.8) Yes 450 (48.4) 317 (46.1) 133 (55.0) 41 (41.4) 409 (49.2) Has ever heard about other infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact apart from AIDS No 100 (10.8) 82 (11.9) 18 (7.4) 18 (18.2) 82 (9.9) Yes 830 (89.2) 606 (88.1) 224 (92.6) 81 (81.8) 749 (90.1) A wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom when they have sex if she knows that she can get a disease during sexual intercourse No 123 (13.2) 94 (13.7) 29 (12.0) 18 (18.2) 105 (12.6) Yes 807 (86.8) 594 (86.3) 213 (88.0) 81 (81.8) 726 (87.4) A wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband when she knows he has sex with other women No 220 (23.7) 162 (23.5) 58 (24.0) 36 (36.4) 184 (22.1) Yes 710 (76.3) 526 (76.5) 184 (76.0) 63 (63.6) 647 (77.9) Can you say no to your (husband/partner) if you do not want to have sexual intercourse No 207 (22.3) 166 (24.1) 41 (16.9) 26 (26.3) 181 (21.8) Yes 723 (77.7) 522 (75.9) 201 (83.1) 73 (73.7) 650 (78.2) Can you ask your (husband/partner) to use a condom if you wanted him to No 236 (25.4) 185 (26.9) 51 (21.1) 39 (39.4) 197 (23.7) Yes 694 (74.6) 503 (73.1) 191 (78.9) 60 (60.6) 634 (76.3) HIV can be treated by prayer No 838 (90.1) 615 (89.4) 223 (92.1) 89 (89.9) 749 (90.1) Yes 92 (9.9) 73 (10.6) 19 (7.9) 10 (10.1) 82 (9.9) HIV can be treated by herbal medicine No 855 (91.9) 629 (91.4) 226 (93.4) 84 (84.8) 771 (92.8) Yes 75 (8.1) 59 (8.6) 16 (6.6) 15 (15.2) 60 (7.2) HIV testing and disclosure Almost all, 96.7% (899/930) of the respondents had ever been tested for HIV. Of these, 23.4% (211/899) were reported testing in less than 3 months ago, 3.7% (33/899) had positive results from the HIV test, 78.5% (706/899) had disclosed their status to their sexual partners and 67.0% (602/899) knew their partner's HIV status (Table 3 ). Table 3 HIV testing and care among respondents in urban centers of Uganda Variable Category Overall (N = 930) Sex of respondent Age category (Years) Female (n = 688) Male (n = 242) 18–24 years (n = 99) 25 years and above (n = 831) Has ever been tested for HIV No 31 (3.3) 24 (3.5) 7 (2.9) 6 (6.1) 25 (3.0) Yes 899 (96.7) 664 (96.5) 235 (97.1) 93 (93.9) 806 (97.0) Duration since last HIV test (n = 899) 3–5 months 155 (17.2) 120 (18.1) 35 (14.9) 18 (19.4) 137 (17.0) Less than 3 months 211 (23.5) 154 (23.2) 57 (24.3) 30 (32.3) 181 (22.5) 6–11 months 167 (18.6) 132 (19.9) 35 (14.9) 21 (22.6) 146 (18.1) 1–2 years 191 (21.2) 141 (21.2) 50 (21.3) 16 (17.2) 175 (21.7) More than 2 years 147 (16.4) 95 (14.3) 52 (22.1) 3 (3.2) 144 (17.9) Don't know 28 (3.1) 22 (3.3) 6 (2.6) 5 (5.4) 23 (2.9) HIV test result (n = 899) Negative 831 (92.4) 616 (92.8) 215 (91.5) 88 (94.6) 743 (92.2) No response 35 (3.9) 22 (3.3) 13 (5.5) 4 (4.3) 31 (3.8) Positive 33 (3.7) 26 (3.9) 7 (3.0) 1 (1.1) 32 (4.0) Disclosed HIV status to the sexual partner (n = 899) No 193 (21.5) 161 (24.2) 32 (13.6) 27 (29.0) 166 (20.6) Yes 706 (78.5) 503 (75.8) 203 (86.4) 66 (71.0) 640 (79.4) Knows partner's status (n = 899) No 297 (33.0) 250 (37.7) 47 (20.0) 38 (40.9) 259 (32.1) Yes 602 (67.0) 414 (62.3) 188 (80.0) 55 (59.1) 547 (67.9) Has registered in a clinic for HIV care if the HIV status is positive (n = 33) No 1 (3.0) 1 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (3.1) Yes 32 (97.0) 25 (96.2) 7 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 31 (96.9) Is currently on antiretroviral therapy (n = 33) No 1 (3.0) 1 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (3.1) Yes 32 (97.0) 25 (96.2) 7 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 31 (96.9) Predictors of HIV-related misinformation in Urban centers in Uganda After adjusting for potential confounders, only the highest level of education, years spent in the area, ever tested for HIV/AIDS, and employment status were significantly associated with HIV-related misinformation. The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 4% lower among respondents with a primary level of education compared to those with no formal education (PR:0.96, 95%CI:0.93–0.99, p = 0.035). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 9% lower among respondents with a secondary level of education compared to those with none (PR:0.91, 95%CI:0.87–0.95, p < 0.001). Respondents who had spent more than 6 years in the area had a 5% higher prevalence of HIV-related misinformation compared to those who had spent between 1 to 5 years (PR: 1.05, 95% CI:1.00-1.10, p = 0.029). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 6% lower among respondents who had ever tested for HIV compared to those who had not (PR:0.94, 95%CI:0.93–0.96, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 6% higher among unemployed respondents compared to those who were employed (PR: 1.06, 95% CI:1.01–1.11, p = 0.010) (Table 4 ). Table 4 Predictors of HIV-related misinformation among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda Variable Category n Misinformation on HIV Crude prevalence Ratio (95% CI) Adjusted prevalence Ratio (95% CI) p-value Informed (n = 63) Misinformed (n = 867) Sex Female 688 47 (6.8) 641 (93.2) 1 1 Male 242 16 (6.6) 226 (93.4) 1.00 (0.96–1.04) 1.01 (0.97–1.05) 0.522 Age-category (years) 18–24 99 5 (5.1) 94 (94.9) 1 1 ≥ 25 831 58 (7.0) 773 (93.0) 0.97 (0.93–1.02) 0.96 (0.91–1.01) 0.149 Marital status Divorced/Separated 82 5 (6.1) 77 (93.9) 1 Married/ Cohabiting 720 51 (7.1) 669 (92.9) 0.98 (0.93–1.04) Unmarried/Single 63 4 (6.3) 59 (93.7) 0.99 (0.91–1.08) Widow/Widower 65 3 (4.6) 62 (95.4) 1.01 (0.94–1.09) Highest level of education No formal education 85 1 (1.2) 84 (98.8) 1 1 Primary 362 16 (4.4) 346 (95.6) 0.96 (0.93–0.99) 0.96 (0.93–0.99) 0.035* Secondary 483 46 (73.0) 437 (50.4) 0.91 (0.88–0.95) 0.91 (0.87–0.95) p < .001* Years spent in the area 1–5 years 258 26 (10.1) 232 (89.9) 1 1 6 years and above 672 37 (5.5) 635 (94.5) 1.05 (1.00-1.09) 1.05 (1.00-1.10) 0.029* Perceived social status Low 562 36 (6.4) 526 (93.6) 1 Middle 339 25 (7.4) 314 (92.6) 0.98 (0.95–1.02) High 29 2 (6.9) 27 (93.1) 0.99 (0.89–1.10) Type of housing Permanent 609 50 (8.2) 559 (91.8) 1 1 Semi-permanent 153 6 (3.9) 147 (96.1) 1.04 (1.00-1.08) 1.03 (0.99–1.07) 0.140 Temporary 168 7 (4.2) 161 (95.8) 1.04 (1.00-1.08) 1.01 (0.97–1.05) 0.460 Ever been tested for HIV No 31 0 (0.0) 31 (100.0) 1 1 Yes 899 63 (7.0) 836 (93.0) 0.92 (0.91–0.94) 0.94 (0.93–0.96) p < .001* Employment status Employed 878 62 (7.1) 816 (92.9) 1 1 Unemployment 52 1 (1.9) 51 (98.1) 1.05 (1.01–1.10) 1.06 (1.01–1.11) 0.010* Predictors of HIV testing After adjusting for potential confounders, only the presence of some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs Virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby was significantly associated with HIV testing. Respondents who knew that there were some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby had a 3.0% (PR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.07, p = 0.024) higher prevalence of getting HIV tested compared to those who didn't know (Table 5 ). Table 5 Predictors of HIV testing among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda Variable Category n Has ever tested for HIV Crude prevalence ratio (CI = 95%) Adjusted prevalence ratio (CI = 95% P-value No (n = 31) Yes (n = 899) Sex Female 688 24 (3.5) 664 (96.5) 1 1 Male 242 7 (2.9) 235 (97.1) 1.00 (0.98–1.03) 0.99 (0.97–1.02) 0.996 Age-category (Years) 18–24 years 99 6 (6.1) 93 (93.9) 1 1 25 and above 831 25 (3.0) 806 (97.0) 1.03 (0.98–1.08) 1.02 (0.98–1.06) 0.227 Marital status Divorced/Separated 82 2 (2.4) 80 (97.6) 1 1 Married/ Cohabiting 720 17 (2.4) 703 (97.6) 1.00 (0.96–1.03) 1.00 (0.97–1.04) 0.753 Unmarried/Single 63 5 (7.9) 58 (92.1) 0.94 (0.87–1.02) 0.96 (0.89–1.02) 0.249 Widow/Widower 65 7 (10.8) 58 (89.2) 0.91 (0.83-1.00) 0.91 (0.84-1.00) 0.067 Perceived social status Low 562 16 (2.8) 546 (97.2) 1 Middle 339 13 (3.8) 326 (96.2) 0.98 (0.96–1.01) High 29 2 (6.9) 27 (93.1) 0.95 (0.86–1.05) Employment status Employed 878 28 (3.2) 850 (96.8) 1 Unemployment 52 3 (5.8) 49 (94.2) 0.97 (0.90–1.04) It is possible to prevent victims of rape from contracting HIV even when raped by an HIV-positive person Don't know 85 6 (7.1) 79 (92.9) 1 1 False 241 9 (3.7) 232 (96.3) 1.03 (0.97–1.10) 1.02 (0.96–1.09) 0.396 True 604 16 (2.6) 588 (97.4) 1.04 (0.98–1.11) 1.03 (0.97–1.08) 0.286 People can reduce their chances of getting the HIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners No 81 7 (8.6) 74 (91.4) 1 1 Yes 849 24 (2.8) 825 (97.2) 1.06 (0.99–1.13) 1.05 (0.99–1.13) 0.093 There are some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby No 284 18 (6.3) 266 (93.7) 1 1 Yes 646 13 (2.0) 633 (98.0) 1.04 (1.01–1.08) 1.03 (1.00-1.07) 0.024 Predictors of non-disclosure of the HIV status to the most recent sexual partner After adjusting for potential confounders, only marital status was significantly associated with non-disclosure of the HIV status. The prevalence of non-disclosure of the HIV status was 11% (PR:0.89, 95% CI:0.65 − 0.12, p < 0.001) lower among respondents who were married compared to those who had divorced/separated from their most recent sexual partner. Respondents who were widowed/widower to their most recent sexual partner had a 30% (PR:1.30, 95% CI:1.12–1.52, p = 0.001) higher prevalence of not disclosing their HIV status compared to those who had divorced/separated from their most recent sexual partner (Table 6 ). Table 6 Predictors of non-disclosure of the HIV status to the most recent sexual partner among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda Variable Category n Disclosure of the HIV status Crude prevalence ratio (CI = 95%) Adjusted prevalence ratio (CI = 95% P-value Yes (n = 706) No (n = 193) Sex of respondent Female 664 503 (75.8) 161 (24.2) 1 1 Male 235 203 (86.4) 32 (13.6) 0.56 (0.39–0.79) 1.10 (0.80–1.51) 0.519 Age-category (years) 18–24 years 93 66 (71.0) 27 (29.0) 1 1 25 and above 806 640 (79.4) 166 (20.6) 0.70 (0.50-1.00) 0.72 (0.50–1.06) 0.099 Marital status Divorced/Separated 80 22 (27.5) 58 (72.5) 1 1 Married/ Cohabiting 703 657 (93.5) 46 (6.5) 0.90 (0.66 − 0.12) 0.89 (0.65 − 0.12) p < 0.001 Unmarried/Single 58 23 (39.7) 35 (60.3) 0.83 (0.64–1.06) 0.72 (0.52–1.01) 0.058 Widow/Widower 58 4 (6.9) 54 (93.1) 1.28 (1.10–1.49) 1.30 (1.12–1.52) 0.001 Highest level of education No formal education 82 54 (65.9) 28 (34.1) 1 1 Primary 345 260 (75.4) 85 (24.6) 0.72 (0.50–1.02) 0.90 (0.72–1.13) 0.402 Secondary 472 392 (83.1) 80 (16.9) 0.49 (0.34–0.71) 0.83 (0.64–1.07) 0.166 Perceived social status Low 546 414 (75.8) 132 (24.2) 1 1 Middle 326 272 (83.4) 54 (16.6) 0.68 (0.51–0.91) 0.97 (0.79–1.20) 0.838 High 27 20 (74.1) 7 (25.9) 1.07 (0.55–2.06) 1.14 (0.72–1.81) 0.563 Employment status Employed 850 673 (79.2) 177 (20.8) 1 1 Unemployment 49 33 (67.3) 16 (32.7) 1.56 (1.02–2.39) 0.98 (0.72–1.33) 0.918 It is possible to prevent victims of rape from contracting HIV even when raped by an HIV-positive person Don't know 79 63 (79.7) 16 (20.3) 1 False 232 182 (78.4) 50 (21.6) 1.06 (0.64–1.75) True 588 461 (78.4) 127 (21.6) 1.06 (0.67–1.69) People can reduce their chances of getting the HIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners No 74 63 (85.1) 11 (14.9) 1 1 Yes 825 643 (77.9) 182 (22.1) 1.48 (0.84–2.59) 1.27 (0.86–1.89) 0.225 There are some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby No 266 208 (78.2) 58 (21.8) 1 Yes 633 498 (78.7) 135 (21.3) 0.97 (0.74–1.28) Discussion This study established the predictors of HIV-related misinformation in urban centers in Uganda. The majority of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS. The predictors of HIV-related misinformation included the level of education, ever testing for HIV, years of residence in a given urban setting, and employment status. The majority of the respondents could not correctly all the core questions related to HIV/AIDS prevention. The high prevalence of misinformation is indicative of limited access to correct HIV/AIDS-related information among urban dwellers. Although there has been significant investment in HIV/AIDS-related communication for behavioral change interventions including outreaches [ 47 , 48 ], many urban dwellers, given their busy and conflicting schedules do not benefit from them. Interventions aimed at increasing knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS are expensive and rarely implemented in most urban settings in Uganda, thereby affecting awareness. Yet, sustained knowledge acquisition depends on constant reminders [ 49 ]. The alternative source of information on HIV/AIDS is public healthcare facilities, yet some urban dwellers only access them when ill while others use private healthcare facilities or traditional medicine practitioners who may not have a schedule for health education. It is not also a guarantee that all the health talks in public healthcare facilities are about HIV/AIDS which limits access to related information. Like the previous studies [ 50 – 53 ], we recommend the use of community communication channels such as megaphones and village health teams to continuously disseminate information to urban dwellers. Community-based communication channels are inexpensive and could solve challenges such as conflicting or busy schedules that often characterize urban dwellers [ 54 ]. There was no significant difference in HIV-related misinformation across sex and age. The insignificant difference in misinformation is not surprising, given that all study participants were exposed to similar sources of HIV/AIDS information and accessed services from the same health providers. A lower proportion of males compared to females knew that HIV could be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery or breastfeeding. Females are likely to have more contacts with healthcare providers at the facilities, especially during antenatal and postnatal care visits. During these visits, healthcare workers provide information on the strategies for the prevention of the mother to child transmission of HIV. Existing policies and guidelines do not require mandatory HIV testing for pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics [ 55 ]. In practice however, all pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics in healthcare facilities undergo HIV testing with an option of opting out for those not willing to test, in Uganda. This practice enables healthcare workers to provide information on the vertical transmission of HIV to women. Besides, women are known to exhibit better health-seeking behaviours [ 56 ], which exposes them to more HIV/AIDS health-related information compared to their male counterparts. Similar findings have been reported in the Uganda demographic health survey [ 57 ]. Nearly two-thirds the respondents were not willing to disclose the HIV status of a family member. Individuals may not want to disclose their family members HIV status as a way of safeguarding them or their households against HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. There is evidence of people living with HIV/AIDS being discriminated against within families, healthcare facilities, and communities [ 58 , 59 ]. The proportion that is willing to disclose the HIV status of a family member (61.6%) was lower than what is reported in another low-income country (92.7%) [ 60 ]. The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation increased as the level of education decreased. Attending primary and secondary school enhances exposure to HIV-related information. In Uganda, the school curriculum integrates topics on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention, which helps explain why those who have received some formal education were less likely to be misinformed. Health clubs, such as the Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth and Straight Talk clubs in schools, contribute to raising awareness about HIV/AIDS [ 61 ]. Additionally, schools often hold debates, music, dance, and drama competitions that further encourage learners to understand HIV-related information and make informed decisions. Individuals who have attended formal education are also more likely to have been exposed to HIV/AIDS-related information through initiatives by the different organizations. The correlation between education level and HIV-related misinformation has also been documented in the literature [ 62 , 63 ]. Although most studies only describe the relationship between residence (rural vs urban) and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge [ 64 – 67 ], the current study illustrates that the longer the respondents lived in the study area, the higher their probability of being misinformed about HIV/AIDS. These findings highlight a prolonged lack of HIV awareness interventions in the study area. Long-term residents are likely exposed to the same sources of information on HIV/AIDS, which may perpetuate misinformation. In contrast, those who had lived in the area for a shorter time might have had access to more accurate HIV/AIDS-related information in their previous places of residence. This study highlights the need to consider the duration of residence during HIV programming since it can influence access to accurate information on HIV/AIDS. Almost all the respondents have ever tested for HIV, and the majority of those who were positive had been enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART improves the quality of life and lowers morbidity and mortality rates among people living with HIV. It leads to viral load suppression, consequently reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission during sexual intercourse, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The availability of ART services and the knowledge of its benefits likely motivated HIV-positive respondents to start ART. Individuals who test for HIV often receive health education, counseling, and enrollment into care. Uganda's “test and treat” policy for HIV/AIDS recommend that all individuals who test positive be enrolled in care, which further explains why almost all the HIV-positive respondents were on ART [ 68 ]. These findings reflect Uganda's progress towards achieving the 95-95-95 target: 95% of all people living with HIV know their HIV status, 95% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection receive sustained ART, and 95% of all people receiving ART attain viral load suppression [ 69 ]. Although we did not undertake viral load tests, a higher proportion of individuals on sustained ART is known to result in viral load suppression [ 70 , 71 ]. However, our findings deviate from those of other scholars, who reported low ART enrolment rates among HIV-positive individuals [ 71 , 72 ]. Respondents who knew about special drugs that a doctor or nurse could provide to a woman infected with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby had a higher prevalence of getting tested for HIV compared to those who were unaware. Mothers usually attend antenatal care (ANC) visits at healthcare facilities, where they receive sensitization about HIV/AIDS and how to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies. These sensitizations often encourage mothers to undergo HIV testing to know their status. During ANC visits, mothers interact closely with healthcare providers who educate them on how to take their medications if they test positive for HIV. Additionally, testimonies from other mothers who know their HIV status and are on medication can motivate women in the community, especially those who suspect they might be HIV positive but have not yet sought medical care. Knowledge of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been reported in the literature as a driver for the uptake of HIV testing [ 73 , 74 ]. About 1 in 5 respondents who had tested for HIV had never disclosed their status to their sexual partner (s). The fear of stigma and discrimination, violence, and changes in relationship dynamics, if one is found to be positive, may explain why some respondents had never disclosed their HIV status. A lack of knowledge about the benefits of disclosing HIV status and fears of allegations of infidelity or mistrust could further exacerbate non-disclosure. A higher proportion of females compared to males had never disclosed their HIV status to their spouses. Men generally have poorer health-seeking behaviors compared to women and are often reluctant to inquire about the HIV status of their sexual partners, as asking can be perceived as a sign of mistrust (add ref). Additionally, the absence of clinical signs and symptoms in females who are HIV positive, along with the fear of violence, loss of economic or family support, and separation from intimate partners, also deter women from disclosing their HIV status [ 75 , 76 ]. Strengths and Limitations Most of these results cannot be generalized to the entire country. Data were collected in the West Nile region, where exposure to mass media and accessibility to healthcare are very limited. Therefore, the findings may not be representative of the entire country. Additionally, while areas like Ngora and Nyero are classified as urban, they are upcoming townships with more characteristics of rural settings, further limiting the generalizability of the results. Conclusions A high proportion of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS, although the majority had been tested and disclosed their serostatus to partners. HIV/AIDS-related misinformation was associated with having a primary education and residing in the area for more than six years. Additionally, knowledge of special medications that healthcare providers can give to women with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies predicted HIV testing. Disclosure of HIV status was more common among those who were married or widowed. This study suggests the need for intentional educative interventions to improve knowledge, increase testing, and facilitate the disclosure of HIV status. Abbreviations HIV Human Immunodeficiency virus AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ANC Antenatal Care ART Antiretroviral Therapy HCFs Healthcare facilities PLHIV People living with HIV UNAIDS The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UDHS Uganda Demographic Health Survey Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate All methods were performed following the relevant guidelines and regulations such as the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from The AIDS Support Organization Research and Ethics Committee (TASO-2022-131). Permission to interview respondents from these urban centers was obtained from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) and the respective local council leadership. Informed written consent was obtained from all study participants. Participants' privacy and confidentiality were diligently safeguarded throughout the study. All personal and identifying information was securely stored, and every effort was made to respect participants' privacy during both the interview and sample collection processes. Availability of data and materials The data used for this manuscript are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Acknowledgement We would like to thank all respondents for taking part in this study. Special thanks also go out to the research assistants for diligently collecting the data presented in this manuscript. Authors’ contributions DN, TS, RKM, TK, JBI, JCS, and JB conceptualized this study. BNT, JG, AN, PO, WMJ, and JN supported data collection and analysis and participated in drafting, reviewing, and editing the manuscript. 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Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(10):5424. Adekoya P, Lannap FD, Ajonye FA, Amadiegwu S, Okereke I, Elochukwu C, Aruku CA, Oluwaseyi A, Kumolu G, Ejeh M. Experiences of Stigmatization and Discrimination in Accessing Health Care Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. HIV/AIDS-Research Palliat Care 2024:45–58. Mwamba RN, Sao SS, Knettel BA, Minja LM, Osaki H, Mmbaga BT, Watt MH. The disclosure dilemma: Willingness to disclose a positive hiv status among individuals preparing for HIV testing during antenatal care in Tanzania. AIDS Behav. 2021;25:908–16. Formative Evaluation. Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth [ https://healtheducationresources.unesco.org/sites/default/files/resources/iiep_uganda_piascy_evaluation.pdf] Nutakor JA, Zhou L, Larnyo E, Addai-Dansoh S, Cui Y, Kissi J, Danso NAA, Gavu AK. A multiplicative effect of Education and Wealth associated with HIV-related knowledge and attitudes among Ghanaian women. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1397. Jukes M, Simmons S, Bundy D. Education and vulnerability: the role of schools in protecting young women and girls from HIV in southern Africa. Aids. 2008;22:S41–56. Abate BB, Kassie AM, Reta MA, Ice GH, Haile ZT. Residence and young women’s comprehensive HIV knowledge in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1–10. Estifanos TM, Hui C, Tesfai AW, Teklu ME, Ghebrehiwet MA, Embaye KS, Andegiorgish AK. Predictors of HIV/AIDS comprehensive knowledge and acceptance attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS among unmarried young females in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21:1–13. Arifin H, Ibrahim K, Rahayuwati L, Herliani YK, Kurniawati Y, Pradipta RO, Sari GM, Ko N-Y, Wiratama BS. HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):637. Agegnehu CD, Geremew BM, Sisay MM, Muchie KF, Engida ZT, Gudayu TW, Weldetsadik DS, Liyew AM. Determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among reproductive age (15–49 years) women in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. AIDS Res Therapy. 2020;17:1–9. CONSOLIDATED GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIV. AND AIDS IN UGANDA [ https://differentiatedservicedelivery.org/Portals/0/adam/Content/HvpzRP5yUUSdpCe2m0KMdQ/ File/Uganda_Consolidated%20HIV%20and%20AIDS%20Guidelines%202020%20June%2030th.pdf] UGANDA POPULATION-BASED HIV. IMPACT ASSESSMENT [https: //phia.icap.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/UPHIA-Summary-Sheet- 2020.pdf]. Nakaye C, Mukiza N, Mawanda D, Kataike H, Kaganzi H, Ahimbisibwe GM, Businge GB, Kyambadde RC, Nakalega R. Viral load suppression after intensive adherence counselling among adult people living with HIV at Kiswa health centre, Kampala: a retrospective cohort study. Secondary data analysis. AIDS Res Therapy. 2023;20(1):18. Odongo I, Arim B, Ayer P, Murungi T, Akullo S, Aceng D, Oboke H, Kumakech E, Obua C, Auma AG. Utilization of antiretroviral therapy services and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV in northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(7):e0288410. Kiyingi M, Nankabirwa JI, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Nangendo J, Kiweewa JM, Katahoire AR, Semitala FC. Predictors of delayed Anti-Retroviral Therapy initiation among adults referred for HIV treatment in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):40. Atnafu Gebeyehu N, Yeshambel Wassie A, Abebe Gelaw K. Acceptance Of HIV Testing And Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care In Gunino Health Center, Southern Ethiopia 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. HIV/AIDS (Auckland NZ). 2019;11:333–41. Alemu YM, Ambaw F, Wilder-Smith A. Utilization of HIV testing services among pregnant mothers in low income primary care settings in northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):199. Bhatia DS, Harrison AD, Kubeka M, Milford C, Kaida A, Bajunirwe F, Wilson IB, Psaros C, Safren SA, Bangsberg DR. The role of relationship dynamics and gender inequalities as barriers to HIV-serostatus disclosure: qualitative study among women and men living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. Front public health 2017, 5:188. Velloza J, Khoza N, Scorgie F, Chitukuta M, Mutero P, Mutiti K, Mangxilana N, Nobula L, Bulterys MA, Atujuna M. The influence of HIV-related stigma on PrEP disclosure and adherence among adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082: a qualitative study. Afr J Reprod Gynaecol Endoscopy. 2020;23(3):e25463. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Over 40.1\u0026nbsp;million lives have been lost since the index case of HIV was reported 63 years ago [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite the advancement in HIV treatment, care, and prevention services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], 39\u0026nbsp;million people were living with HIV and an estimated 650,000 lives were lost due to AIDS-related causes in 2022 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. More than 54% of people living with HIV are women and girls [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], and two-thirds (25.6\u0026nbsp;million) reside in Africa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The first case of HIV/AIDS in Uganda was reported in 1982 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. The HIV prevalence is estimated at 5.8% among adults, 7.2% among women, and 4.3% among men [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The HIV prevalence among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years shows a disparity between genders, with 1.7% of girls and 0.2% of boys affected [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. In comparison, among adults, 13.6% of women aged 50 to 54 years and 11.1% of men aged 45 to 49 years are living with HIV [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, urban areas in Uganda report a higher prevalence (7.5%) compared to rural areas (5.8%) and the general population (5.1%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe high HIV/AIDS prevalence is driven by several factors including high-risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partnerships, incorrect and inconsistent condom use, and sex under the influence of psychoactive substances [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12 CR13 CR14\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Misinformation and misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, alongside low rates of HIV testing and disclosure, further complicate efforts to curb the epidemic [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR17\" citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. According to the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), over 52% of women and 51% of men have limited or no comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Misinformation about HIV/AIDS significantly impacts public health efforts by perpetuating stigma, hindering prevention strategies, and undermining treatment adherence [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Widespread misconceptions, such as beliefs in ineffective remedies (e.g., beliefs that HIV can be cured through traditional sacrifices or by having sex with a virgin) or modes of transmission (mosquito bites or casual contact), contribute to reluctance to seek testing and treatment, and increased risky behaviors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. This misinformation not only jeopardizes individual health outcomes but also challenges community-wide efforts to control the spread of HIV/AIDS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe coverage of HIV testing and disclosure is still suboptimal in Uganda. Whereas HIV testing is crucial for early detection and early treatment initiation[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], 90% of the population in Uganda know their status, which falls short of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets of 95% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners, a key prevention measure, remains low due to fear of stigma and discrimination [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. This lack of disclosure further perpetuates the spread of HIV.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo address HIV-related misinformation, promote testing, and encourage disclosure, several interventions have been implemented. Globally, organizations like UNAIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) have spearheaded campaigns such as the \u0026ldquo;World AIDS Days,\u0026rdquo; which focus on raising awareness, dispelling myths, and encouraging testing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. These initiatives include comprehensive education programs and media campaigns to disseminate accurate information about HIV transmission and prevention [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Uganda prioritizes control of HIV and AIDS within the country\u0026rsquo;s third National Development Plan 2020/21\u0026ndash;2024/25 (NDP III) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. The country is also implementing the Presidential Fast-Track Initiative on Ending AIDS as a Public Health Threat in Uganda by 2030 (PFTI), launched by the president in June 2017 and the Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth (PIASCY) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR29\" citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. The National HIV Strategic Plan 2020/2021\u0026ndash;2024/2025 highlights strategies and actions to implement high-impact, evidence-informed interventions, and innovations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR29\" citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite these significant efforts, the prevalence of HIV remains high, especially in urban areas [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the persistence of HIV-related myths and misconceptions indicates that these efforts have not fully addressed the root causes of misinformation. While interventions have targeted dissemination of accurate information for behaviour change, factors associated with the persistent misinformation, particularly in urban areas require further exploration. This study, therefore, assessed HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among urban dwellers in Uganda. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial for developing more effective, culturally sensitive interventions that can mitigate the impact of misinformation, enhance HIV testing rates, and improve health outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design and setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study applied a cross-sectional design to obtain data from participants in five urban centers in Uganda. These included the town councils of Namasale, Ngora, and Nyero and the municipalities of Koboko and Kumi. Kumi municipality, Ngora and Nyero town councils are situated in the Eastern part of Uganda, close to Soroti and Mbale Cities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Kumi district, the home of Kumi Municipality and Nyero town council, has 35 healthcare facilities (HCFs), of which 3 are clinics, 17 are HCIIs, 8 are HCIIIs, 3 are HCIVs and 4 are hospitals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Ngora district, the home of Ngora town council, has 15 HCFs, of which 7 are HCIIs, 6 are HCIIIs, 1 HCIV and one hospital [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Conversely, Koboko District, where Koboko Municipality lies, is located in the West Nile Region of Uganda, approximately 55km away from Arua city [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The district has 21 HCFs, comprising four clinics, 9 HCIIs, 7 HCIIIs and one hospital [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Namasale town council, situated in Northern Uganda, is roughly 154 km and 143 km from Soroti and Lira Cities, respectively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Amolatar district, where Namasale town council is located, has 15 HCFs, of which 2 are clinics, 8 are HCIIs, 3 are HCIIIs, 1 HCIV and one hospital [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy population, eligibility criteria, sample size estimation, and sampling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study population included householders or their next of kin. We included individuals aged 18 years and above who had been residents for at least six months and excluded those who were sick and those who declined to consent. The Kish Leslie formula for cross-sectional studies was used to estimate the required sample. A proportion of non-disclosure of HIV status of 50.0% (due to limited literature on non-disclosure of HIV status in urban settings), a z score of 1.96 corresponding to the 95% level of confidence, and a margin of error of 5% was used to estimate a minimum sample size of 385 respondents. Factoring in a 2.0 design effect due to variance distortion between urban centers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] and a nonresponse rate of 20% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e], we obtained a minimum sample size of 924. The nonresponse rate was informed by previous literature [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] and experience conducting surveys in urban areas. Most of the respondents in urban areas are often too busy and fatigued to participate in interviews. Namasale Town Council, for example, is a landing site where a considerable proportion of the population is engaged in fishing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] and is not often available to participate in research activities. Additionally, Koboko Municipality is a border town where some individuals engage in cross-border trade [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e], limiting their participation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe used a multistage sampling technique to select respondents. The first stage involved the purposive selection of five urban centers to benefit from the World Bank-funded Integrated Water Management and Development Project. As a risk mitigation measure, the project required a rapid assessment of HIV-related knowledge and practices and gender-based violence. The second stage involved the purposive selection of divisions and parishes to benefit from piped water supply. Afterward, we obtained a list of the cells/villages and households in the selected divisions from the local council leadership. We then randomly selected study cells/ villages and households using the Microsoft Excel randomizer. At the household level, the research assistants purposively selected the householders and, in their absence, the next of kin was interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData collection procedures, quality assurance, and control\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study utilized an electronic structured questionnaire created using KoboCollect software. The questionnaire included skips and validation criteria to minimize errors and incorporated standardized questions from the Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. All questions were mandatory to reduce missing data. Participants who chose not to answer a specific question were provided with the option to select \"declined to answer.\" All research assistants underwent a two-day training to familiarize themselves with the data collection tools, ethical principles, and the study protocol. The questionnaire was pretested in Mukono municipality to enhance clarity and determine the interview duration. Mukono municipality was selected due to its similar characteristics with the selected urban centers where the study was conducted. Research assistants received thorough supervision to ensure adherence to the study protocol and ethical guidelines. Debriefing sessions were conducted at the end of each field day to address any challenges encountered. Data were uploaded to the server daily and checked for completeness by the data manager.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy variables and measurement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOutcome variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe outcome variables included HIV-related misinformation, ever testing for HIV, and disclosure of HIV status.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHIV-related misinformation\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe used a total of 15 questions to establish HIV-related misinformation about HIV/AIDS. Respondents were asked if a man/woman had HIV, would his/her partner also have HIV (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if people could get HIV infection or AIDS from mosquito bites (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if people could get HIV by sharing food with a person who had AIDs (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if people could get HIV because of witchcraft or other supernatural means (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if HIV was treated by prayer (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if HIV was treated by herbal medicine (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), if it was possible for a healthy-looking person to have HIV (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if HIV was transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if people reduced their chances of getting HIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who had no other sex partners (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if people reduced their chance of getting HIV by using a condom every time they had sex (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if someone prevented her/himself from acquiring HIV/AIDs through abstinence (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), if safe male circumcision helped to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDs (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), and if there were any special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total score for HIV-related misinformation for each respondent was obtained by adding up scores obtained from each question. Respondents who had a total score of 15 were considered informed while those who scored between 0 to 14 were misinformed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHIV testing and non-disclosure of the HIV status\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of HIV testing was established by asking respondents if they had ever tested for HIV. The variable was coded \"1\" for respondents who had ever tested and \"0\" for those who had never. Non-disclosure of HIV status was measured using self-reports. Respondents who had ever tested for HIV were asked if they had ever disclosed their status to their most recent sexual partner. Those who responded \"No\" were coded as \"1\" and those who responded \"Yes\" were coded as \"0\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIndependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe independent variables included age, sex, highest level of education, religion, marital status, years spent in the area, type of housing, employment status, and perceived social status. Perceived social status was assessed using the McArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Respondents were presented with a diagram of a ladder with 10 rungs, representing the socio-economic spectrum, from those best off at the top to those worst off at the bottom. Participants selected the rung that they believed represented their position relative to others in their community. Based on their responses, social status was categorized as follows: individuals placing themselves on the upper rungs (7\u0026ndash;10) were categorized as having high social status, those on the middle rungs (4\u0026ndash;6) were considered to have medium social status, and those on the lower rungs (1\u0026ndash;3) were classified as having low social status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData management and statistical analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were downloaded as a Microsoft Excel file, cleaned, and later exported to STATA version 14.0 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the variables. Categorical variables were summarized using proportions and percentages. Data were stratified by sex and age category of the respondent. Stratifying by age and sex helps to create a representative sample that accurately reflects the population's diversity, allowing for more precise and meaningful analyses [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. The prevalence of the outcomes of interest (HIV misinformation, testing, and non-disclosure) were above 10% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e], therefore a Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the dependent variables. Variables whose p-values were less than 0.25 at bivariate were included in the multivariable analysis. The inclusion of variables with a p-value less than 0.25 ensures a broader range of variables in the analysis which allows for a more extensive adjustment for potential confounders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Even though the age and sex of the respondents were not significant during the bivariate analysis, they were included in the multivariable analysis to control for confounding [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Model building was done by using the backward elimination method where all potential predictors with a p-value of less than 0.25 were initially introduced in the multivariable model. Throughout the process, the least significant variables, indicated by the highest p-values, were systematically removed one by one. This step-by-step reduction continued until only the most statistically significant variables remained which were less than 0.05 at a 95% level of confidence, which ensured that the final model was parsimonious and robust.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 930 respondents were interviewed. Of whom, 74.0% (688/930) were females, 77.4% (720/930) were either married or cohabiting, 30.8% (286/930) were Roman Catholics and 38.9% (362/930) had attained primary as their highest level of education. A higher proportion of females, 63.1% (434/688) compared to the males, 52.9% (128/242) had a low perceived social status. A lower proportion of respondents aged 25 years and above 16.2% (135/831) compared to those aged between 18 and 24 years, 18.2% (18/99) had semi-permanent housing (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics among respondents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;930)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex of respondent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-category (Years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;688)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;242)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 and above (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;831)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Separated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (8.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (9.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/ Cohabiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e720 (77.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e504 (73.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216 (89.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (65.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e655 (78.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enever married/Single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (6.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (6.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (31.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidow/Widower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61 (8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (7.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnglican\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e405 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297 (43.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (44.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (48.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357 (43.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (12.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (13.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePentecost/Born again\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (13.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoman Catholic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e286 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204 (29.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (33.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (30.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighest level of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e362 (38.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (26.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (38.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324 (39.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e301 (32.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199 (28.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 (42.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 (49.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e252 (30.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182 (19.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (28.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived social status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e562 (60.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e434 (63.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 (52.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (62.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500 (60.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339 (36.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 (43.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (33.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306 (36.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of housing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e609 (65.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e459 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150 (62.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (60.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e549 (66.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemi-permanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103 (15.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (20.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135 (16.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168 (18.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (18.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (17.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147 (17.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYears spent in the area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e258 (27.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219 (31.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 (51.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e207 (24.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 (10.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 (9.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbove 10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e586 (63.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e398 (57.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188 (77.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (39.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e547 (65.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAwareness of HIV/AIDS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout 93.2% (867/930) of the respondents were misinformed about HIV. A higher proportion of females, 57.0% (392/688) compared to males, 46.3% (112/242) mentioned that a man/woman always had HIV if the counterpart was also infected. A higher proportion of females, 10.2% (70/688) compared to males, 5.8% (14/242) mentioned that people could get HIV infection or AIDS from mosquito bites. A higher proportion of males, 13.6% (33/242) compared to females, 6.7% (46/688) mentioned that HIV could not be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery. A lower proportion of males, 21.5% (52/242) compared to females, 11.8% (81/688) mentioned that HIV could not be transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding. About 63.6% (63/99) of the respondents aged between 18 and 24 years mentioned that they would want to keep it as a secrete if a member of the family got infected with the HIV/AIDS virus. About 12.6% (105/831) of the respondents aged 25 years and above mentioned that a wife was not justified in asking her husband to use a condom when they had sex if she knew that she could get a disease during sexual intercourse. About 90.5% (842/930) of the respondents mentioned that people can reduce their chances of getting the HIV/AIDs virus by using a condom every time they had sex. About 95.7% (890/930) of the respondents mentioned that someone can prevent him/herself from acquiring HIV/AIDs through abstinence. More than a quarter, 28.5% (265/930) of the respondents mentioned that male circumcision cannot help to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV/AIDs. About 30.5% (284/930) of the respondents mentioned that there were no special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby. About 12.3% (114/930) of the respondents mentioned that they would not buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper or vendor if they knew that the person had the HIV/AIDs virus. About 8.0% (74/930) of the respondents mentioned that they would not be willing to care for a family member in case he/she became sick within their household (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAwareness of HIV/AIDS in Urban centers Uganda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;930)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex of respondent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-category (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;688)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;242)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 and above (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;831)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA man/woman always has HIV if the counterpart is also infected\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e426 (45.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e296 (43.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130 (53.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 (44.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e382 (46.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e504 (54.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e392 (57.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112 (46.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (55.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e449 (54.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is possible for a healthy-looking person to\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehave HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113 (12.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83 (12.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (12.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e817 (87.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e605 (87.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e212 (87.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (78.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e739 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnows of a place(s) where people can get\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etested for HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e898 (96.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e664 (96.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234 (96.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (90.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e808 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can get HIV infection or AIDS from\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emosquito bites\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e846 (91.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e618 (89.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228 (94.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (90.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e756 (91.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can get the HIV/AIDs virus by sharing food\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewith a person who has AIDs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e893 (96.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e657 (95.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (96.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e798 (96.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can get the HIV/AIDS virus because of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewitchcraft or other supernatural means\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e881 (94.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e656 (95.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (96.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e786 (94.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 (5.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (4.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV can be transmitted from a mother to her\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ebaby during pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e458 (49.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e327 (47.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131 (54.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (54.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e404 (48.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e472 (50.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e361 (52.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111 (45.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (45.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e427 (51.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (7.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e851 (91.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e642 (93.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e209 (86.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (85.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e766 (92.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (21.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (20.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e797 (85.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e607 (88.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190 (78.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (79.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e718 (86.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can reduce their chances of getting the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV virus by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex partners\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (9.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 (8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e849 (91.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e622 (90.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227 (93.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e760 (91.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can reduce their chance of getting the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV/AIDS virus by using a condom every time they have sex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (9.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 (10.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 (9.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e842 (90.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e617 (89.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e753 (90.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomeone can prevent her/himself from acquiring\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV/AIDS through abstinence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (4.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (4.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e890 (95.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e655 (95.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235 (97.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 (93.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e797 (95.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale circumcision can help to reduce the risk of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eacquiring HIV/AIDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e265 (28.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200 (29.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (26.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (29.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236 (28.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e665 (71.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e488 (70.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177 (73.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (70.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e595 (71.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are some special drugs that a doctor or a\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e284 (30.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196 (28.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (36.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (34.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250 (30.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e646 (69.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e492 (71.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (63.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (65.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e581 (69.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould buy fresh vegetables from a shopkeeper\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eor vendor if you knew that this person had the HIV/AIDS virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (13.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e816 (87.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e596 (86.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220 (90.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 (81.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e735 (88.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould want to keep as a secret if a member of the family got infected with the HIV/AIDS virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357 (38.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e249 (36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (44.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (36.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e321 (38.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e573 (61.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e439 (63.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134 (55.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (63.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e510 (61.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould be willing to care for the family member in case he/she became sick within the respondent's household\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (8.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (9.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (8.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e856 (92.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e623 (90.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233 (96.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 (93.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e763 (91.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA female teacher should be allowed to continue teaching in school if she has the HIV/AIDS virus but is not sick\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100 (10.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (12.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (6.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e830 (89.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e604 (87.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226 (93.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (90.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e740 (89.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren aged 10\u0026ndash;14 years should be taught about using\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ea condom to avoid getting HIV/AIDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e480 (51.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e371 (53.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109 (45.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (58.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e422 (50.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e450 (48.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e317 (46.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133 (55.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (41.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e409 (49.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas ever heard about other infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact apart from AIDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100 (10.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e830 (89.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e606 (88.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e224 (92.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 (81.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e749 (90.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA wife is justified in asking her husband to use a condom when they have sex if she knows that she can get a disease during sexual intercourse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123 (13.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (13.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (12.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 (12.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e807 (86.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e594 (86.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e213 (88.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 (81.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e726 (87.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA wife is justified in refusing to have sex with\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eher husband when she knows he has sex with other women\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162 (23.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (24.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (36.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e710 (76.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e526 (76.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184 (76.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (63.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e647 (77.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan you say no to your (husband/partner) if you\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edo not want to have sexual intercourse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e207 (22.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 (24.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (16.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (26.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181 (21.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e723 (77.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e522 (75.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201 (83.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 (73.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e650 (78.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan you ask your (husband/partner) to use a condom if you wanted him to\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236 (25.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e185 (26.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (39.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e694 (74.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e503 (73.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191 (78.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (60.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e634 (76.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV can be treated by prayer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e838 (90.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e615 (89.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223 (92.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e749 (90.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 (10.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (7.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 (9.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV can be treated by herbal medicine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e855 (91.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e629 (91.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226 (93.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (84.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e771 (92.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (8.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (6.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (7.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eHIV testing and disclosure\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlmost all, 96.7% (899/930) of the respondents had ever been tested for HIV. Of these, 23.4% (211/899) were reported testing in less than 3 months ago, 3.7% (33/899) had positive results from the HIV test, 78.5% (706/899) had disclosed their status to their sexual partners and 67.0% (602/899) knew their partner's HIV status (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV testing and care among respondents in urban centers of Uganda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;930)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex of respondent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge category (Years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;688)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;242)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 years (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 years and above (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;831)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas ever been tested for HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e899 (96.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e664 (96.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235 (97.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 (93.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e806 (97.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration since last HIV test (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;899)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;5 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155 (17.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120 (18.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (14.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (19.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137 (17.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess than 3 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211 (23.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154 (23.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 (24.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (32.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181 (22.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;11 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167 (18.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (19.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (14.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (22.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146 (18.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191 (21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141 (21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (17.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than 2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147 (16.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144 (17.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV test result (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;899)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e831 (92.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e616 (92.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e215 (91.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 (94.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e743 (92.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosed HIV status to the sexual partner (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;899)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193 (21.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161 (24.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (29.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 (20.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e706 (78.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e503 (75.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203 (86.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (71.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e640 (79.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnows partner's status (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;899)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297 (33.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250 (37.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 (20.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (40.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e259 (32.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e602 (67.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e414 (62.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188 (80.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (59.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e547 (67.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas registered in a clinic for HIV care if the HIV status is positive (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (97.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (96.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (96.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs currently on antiretroviral therapy (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (3.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (97.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (96.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (96.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePredictors of HIV-related misinformation in Urban centers in Uganda\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter adjusting for potential confounders, only the highest level of education, years spent in the area, ever tested for HIV/AIDS, and employment status were significantly associated with HIV-related misinformation. The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 4% lower among respondents with a primary level of education compared to those with no formal education (PR:0.96, 95%CI:0.93\u0026ndash;0.99, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.035). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 9% lower among respondents with a secondary level of education compared to those with none (PR:0.91, 95%CI:0.87\u0026ndash;0.95, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Respondents who had spent more than 6 years in the area had a 5% higher prevalence of HIV-related misinformation compared to those who had spent between 1 to 5 years (PR: 1.05, 95% CI:1.00-1.10, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 6% lower among respondents who had ever tested for HIV compared to those who had not (PR:0.94, 95%CI:0.93\u0026ndash;0.96, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The prevalence of HIV-related misinformation was 6% higher among unemployed respondents compared to those who were employed (PR: 1.06, 95% CI:1.01\u0026ndash;1.11, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.010) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredictors of HIV-related misinformation among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMisinformation on HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude prevalence Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted prevalence Ratio (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;63)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMisinformed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;867)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e688\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 (6.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e641 (93.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (6.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e226 (93.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.96\u0026ndash;1.04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-category (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (5.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 (94.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e773 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.93\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.91\u0026ndash;1.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Separated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 (93.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/ Cohabiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e669 (92.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.93\u0026ndash;1.04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 (93.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99 (0.91\u0026ndash;1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidow/Widower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (95.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01 (0.94\u0026ndash;1.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighest level of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (98.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e362\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (4.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e346 (95.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.93\u0026ndash;0.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.93\u0026ndash;0.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.035*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e483\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (73.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e437 (50.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.88\u0026ndash;0.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.87\u0026ndash;0.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYears spent in the area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 years and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e672\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e635 (94.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 (1.00-1.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 (1.00-1.10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.029*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived social status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e562\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (6.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e526 (93.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314 (92.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.95\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (93.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99 (0.89\u0026ndash;1.10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of housing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (8.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e559 (91.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSemi-permanent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147 (96.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04 (1.00-1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.99\u0026ndash;1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (4.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161 (95.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04 (1.00-1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.460\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEver been tested for HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e899\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e836 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.91\u0026ndash;0.94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.93\u0026ndash;0.96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e816 (92.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 (98.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 (1.01\u0026ndash;1.10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06 (1.01\u0026ndash;1.11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.010*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePredictors of HIV testing\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter adjusting for potential confounders, only the presence of some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs Virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby was significantly associated with HIV testing. Respondents who knew that there were some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby had a 3.0% (PR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.07, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.024) higher prevalence of getting HIV tested compared to those who didn't know (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredictors of HIV testing among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas ever tested for HIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude prevalence ratio (CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted prevalence ratio (CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;899)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e688\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e664 (96.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235 (97.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.98\u0026ndash;1.03)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-category (Years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 (93.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e806 (97.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.98\u0026ndash;1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02 (0.98\u0026ndash;1.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Separated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/ Cohabiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e703 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.96\u0026ndash;1.03)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.753\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (7.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (92.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.87\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.89\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.249\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidow/Widower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (10.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (89.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.83-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.84-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.067\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived social status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e562\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e546 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326 (96.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.96\u0026ndash;1.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (6.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (93.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.86\u0026ndash;1.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e850 (96.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 (94.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.90\u0026ndash;1.04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is possible to prevent victims of rape from\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econtracting HIV even when raped by an HIV-positive person\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (92.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (3.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232 (96.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02 (0.96\u0026ndash;1.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e604\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e588 (97.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04 (0.98\u0026ndash;1.11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.286\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can reduce their chances of getting the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epartners\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (8.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (91.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e825 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.99\u0026ndash;1.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 (0.99\u0026ndash;1.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are some special drugs that a doctor or a\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etransmission to the baby\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266 (93.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e633 (98.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04 (1.01\u0026ndash;1.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03 (1.00-1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePredictors of non-disclosure of the HIV status to the most recent sexual partner\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter adjusting for potential confounders, only marital status was significantly associated with non-disclosure of the HIV status. The prevalence of non-disclosure of the HIV status was 11% (PR:0.89, 95% CI:0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.12, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) lower among respondents who were married compared to those who had divorced/separated from their most recent sexual partner. Respondents who were widowed/widower to their most recent sexual partner had a 30% (PR:1.30, 95% CI:1.12\u0026ndash;1.52, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) higher prevalence of not disclosing their HIV status compared to those who had divorced/separated from their most recent sexual partner (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredictors of non-disclosure of the HIV status to the most recent sexual partner among respondents in Urban centers in Uganda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure of the HIV status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude prevalence ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted prevalence ratio (CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;706)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;193)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex of respondent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e503 (75.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161 (24.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203 (86.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56 (0.39\u0026ndash;0.79)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 (0.80\u0026ndash;1.51)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-category (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (71.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (29.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e806\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e640 (79.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 (20.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70 (0.50-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72 (0.50\u0026ndash;1.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Separated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (27.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (72.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried/ Cohabiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e703\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e657 (93.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (6.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90 (0.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89 (0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Single\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (39.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (60.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83 (0.64\u0026ndash;1.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72 (0.52\u0026ndash;1.01)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidow/Widower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (93.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28 (1.10\u0026ndash;1.49)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.30 (1.12\u0026ndash;1.52)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighest level of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (65.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (34.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e260 (75.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (24.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72 (0.50\u0026ndash;1.02)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90 (0.72\u0026ndash;1.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.402\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e472\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e392 (83.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (16.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49 (0.34\u0026ndash;0.71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83 (0.64\u0026ndash;1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived social status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e546\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e414 (75.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (24.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e272 (83.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (16.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68 (0.51\u0026ndash;0.91)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.79\u0026ndash;1.20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.838\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 (74.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (25.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07 (0.55\u0026ndash;2.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 (0.72\u0026ndash;1.81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e673 (79.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (67.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (32.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.56 (1.02\u0026ndash;2.39)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.72\u0026ndash;1.33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.918\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is possible to prevent victims of rape from\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003econtracting HIV even when raped by an HIV-positive person\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (79.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (20.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182 (78.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (21.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.64\u0026ndash;1.75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e588\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e461 (78.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 (21.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.67\u0026ndash;1.69)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople can reduce their chances of getting the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV by having just one uninfected sex partner who has no other sex\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epartners\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (85.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (14.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e825\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e643 (77.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182 (22.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48 (0.84\u0026ndash;2.59)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.27 (0.86\u0026ndash;1.89)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse can give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDS virus to reduce the risk of\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etransmission to the baby\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208 (78.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 (21.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e633\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e498 (78.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.74\u0026ndash;1.28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study established the predictors of HIV-related misinformation in urban centers in Uganda. The majority of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS. The predictors of HIV-related misinformation included the level of education, ever testing for HIV, years of residence in a given urban setting, and employment status. The majority of the respondents could not correctly all the core questions related to HIV/AIDS prevention.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe high prevalence of misinformation is indicative of limited access to correct HIV/AIDS-related information among urban dwellers. Although there has been significant investment in HIV/AIDS-related communication for behavioral change interventions including outreaches [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e], many urban dwellers, given their busy and conflicting schedules do not benefit from them. Interventions aimed at increasing knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS are expensive and rarely implemented in most urban settings in Uganda, thereby affecting awareness. Yet, sustained knowledge acquisition depends on constant reminders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. The alternative source of information on HIV/AIDS is public healthcare facilities, yet some urban dwellers only access them when ill while others use private healthcare facilities or traditional medicine practitioners who may not have a schedule for health education. It is not also a guarantee that all the health talks in public healthcare facilities are about HIV/AIDS which limits access to related information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLike the previous studies [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR51 CR52\" citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e], we recommend the use of community communication channels such as megaphones and village health teams to continuously disseminate information to urban dwellers. Community-based communication channels are inexpensive and could solve challenges such as conflicting or busy schedules that often characterize urban dwellers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. There was no significant difference in HIV-related misinformation across sex and age. The insignificant difference in misinformation is not surprising, given that all study participants were exposed to similar sources of HIV/AIDS information and accessed services from the same health providers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA lower proportion of males compared to females knew that HIV could be transmitted from a mother to her baby during delivery or breastfeeding. Females are likely to have more contacts with healthcare providers at the facilities, especially during antenatal and postnatal care visits. During these visits, healthcare workers provide information on the strategies for the prevention of the mother to child transmission of HIV. Existing policies and guidelines do not require mandatory HIV testing for pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e]. In practice however, all pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics in healthcare facilities undergo HIV testing with an option of opting out for those not willing to test, in Uganda. This practice enables healthcare workers to provide information on the vertical transmission of HIV to women. Besides, women are known to exhibit better health-seeking behaviours [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e], which exposes them to more HIV/AIDS health-related information compared to their male counterparts. Similar findings have been reported in the Uganda demographic health survey [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNearly two-thirds the respondents were not willing to disclose the HIV status of a family member. Individuals may not want to disclose their family members HIV status as a way of safeguarding them or their households against HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. There is evidence of people living with HIV/AIDS being discriminated against within families, healthcare facilities, and communities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e]. The proportion that is willing to disclose the HIV status of a family member (61.6%) was lower than what is reported in another low-income country (92.7%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of HIV-related misinformation increased as the level of education decreased. Attending primary and secondary school enhances exposure to HIV-related information. In Uganda, the school curriculum integrates topics on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention, which helps explain why those who have received some formal education were less likely to be misinformed. Health clubs, such as the Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth and Straight Talk clubs in schools, contribute to raising awareness about HIV/AIDS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, schools often hold debates, music, dance, and drama competitions that further encourage learners to understand HIV-related information and make informed decisions. Individuals who have attended formal education are also more likely to have been exposed to HIV/AIDS-related information through initiatives by the different organizations. The correlation between education level and HIV-related misinformation has also been documented in the literature [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough most studies only describe the relationship between residence (rural vs urban) and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR65 CR66\" citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e], the current study illustrates that the longer the respondents lived in the study area, the higher their probability of being misinformed about HIV/AIDS. These findings highlight a prolonged lack of HIV awareness interventions in the study area. Long-term residents are likely exposed to the same sources of information on HIV/AIDS, which may perpetuate misinformation. In contrast, those who had lived in the area for a shorter time might have had access to more accurate HIV/AIDS-related information in their previous places of residence. This study highlights the need to consider the duration of residence during HIV programming since it can influence access to accurate information on HIV/AIDS.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlmost all the respondents have ever tested for HIV, and the majority of those who were positive had been enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART improves the quality of life and lowers morbidity and mortality rates among people living with HIV. It leads to viral load suppression, consequently reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission during sexual intercourse, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The availability of ART services and the knowledge of its benefits likely motivated HIV-positive respondents to start ART. Individuals who test for HIV often receive health education, counseling, and enrollment into care. Uganda's \u0026ldquo;test and treat\u0026rdquo; policy for HIV/AIDS recommend that all individuals who test positive be enrolled in care, which further explains why almost all the HIV-positive respondents were on ART [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings reflect Uganda's progress towards achieving the 95-95-95 target: 95% of all people living with HIV know their HIV status, 95% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection receive sustained ART, and 95% of all people receiving ART attain viral load suppression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e]. Although we did not undertake viral load tests, a higher proportion of individuals on sustained ART is known to result in viral load suppression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e]. However, our findings deviate from those of other scholars, who reported low ART enrolment rates among HIV-positive individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondents who knew about special drugs that a doctor or nurse could provide to a woman infected with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby had a higher prevalence of getting tested for HIV compared to those who were unaware. Mothers usually attend antenatal care (ANC) visits at healthcare facilities, where they receive sensitization about HIV/AIDS and how to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies. These sensitizations often encourage mothers to undergo HIV testing to know their status. During ANC visits, mothers interact closely with healthcare providers who educate them on how to take their medications if they test positive for HIV. Additionally, testimonies from other mothers who know their HIV status and are on medication can motivate women in the community, especially those who suspect they might be HIV positive but have not yet sought medical care. Knowledge of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been reported in the literature as a driver for the uptake of HIV testing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout 1 in 5 respondents who had tested for HIV had never disclosed their status to their sexual partner (s). The fear of stigma and discrimination, violence, and changes in relationship dynamics, if one is found to be positive, may explain why some respondents had never disclosed their HIV status. A lack of knowledge about the benefits of disclosing HIV status and fears of allegations of infidelity or mistrust could further exacerbate non-disclosure. A higher proportion of females compared to males had never disclosed their HIV status to their spouses. Men generally have poorer health-seeking behaviors compared to women and are often reluctant to inquire about the HIV status of their sexual partners, as asking can be perceived as a sign of mistrust (add ref). Additionally, the absence of clinical signs and symptoms in females who are HIV positive, along with the fear of violence, loss of economic or family support, and separation from intimate partners, also deter women from disclosing their HIV status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e76\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths and Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost of these results cannot be generalized to the entire country. Data were collected in the West Nile region, where exposure to mass media and accessibility to healthcare are very limited. Therefore, the findings may not be representative of the entire country. Additionally, while areas like Ngora and Nyero are classified as urban, they are upcoming townships with more characteristics of rural settings, further limiting the generalizability of the results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eA high proportion of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS, although the majority had been tested and disclosed their serostatus to partners. HIV/AIDS-related misinformation was associated with having a primary education and residing in the area for more than six years. Additionally, knowledge of special medications that healthcare providers can give to women with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies predicted HIV testing. Disclosure of HIV status was more common among those who were married or widowed. This study suggests the need for intentional educative interventions to improve knowledge, increase testing, and facilitate the disclosure of HIV status.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":" \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHIV\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHuman Immunodeficiency virus\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAIDS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eANC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAntenatal Care\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eART\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAntiretroviral Therapy\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHCFs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHealthcare facilities\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePLHIV\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePeople living with HIV\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eUNAIDS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eUDHS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUganda Demographic Health Survey\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll methods were performed following the relevant guidelines and regulations such as the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from The AIDS Support Organization Research and Ethics Committee (TASO-2022-131). Permission to interview respondents from these urban centers was obtained from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) and the respective local council leadership. Informed written consent was obtained from all study participants. Participants\u0026apos; privacy and confidentiality were diligently safeguarded throughout the study. All personal and identifying information was securely stored, and every effort was made to respect participants\u0026apos; privacy during both the interview and sample collection processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data used for this manuscript are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank all respondents for taking part in this study. Special thanks also go out to the research assistants for diligently collecting the data presented in this manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDN, TS, RKM, TK, JBI, JCS, and JB conceptualized this study. BNT, JG, AN, PO, WMJ, and JN supported data collection and analysis and participated in drafting, reviewing, and editing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eData to help. track, coordinate, and advance delivery of COVID-19 health tools to developing countries and to mobilize relevant stakeholders and national leaders to remove critical roadblocks - in support of the priorities set out by the WBG, IMF, WHO, and WTO. [\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://data.covid19taskforce.com/data/countries/Uganda]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM, Ho DD. An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. 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BMC Womens Health. 2021;21:1\u0026ndash;13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArifin H, Ibrahim K, Rahayuwati L, Herliani YK, Kurniawati Y, Pradipta RO, Sari GM, Ko N-Y, Wiratama BS. HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15\u0026ndash;24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):637.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAgegnehu CD, Geremew BM, Sisay MM, Muchie KF, Engida ZT, Gudayu TW, Weldetsadik DS, Liyew AM. Determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among reproductive age (15\u0026ndash;49 years) women in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. AIDS Res Therapy. 2020;17:1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCONSOLIDATED GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIV. AND AIDS IN UGANDA [\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://differentiatedservicedelivery.org/Portals/0/adam/Content/HvpzRP5yUUSdpCe2m0KMdQ/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003eFile/Uganda_Consolidated%20HIV%20and%20AIDS%20Guidelines%202020%20June%2030th.pdf]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUGANDA POPULATION-BASED HIV. IMPACT ASSESSMENT [https:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e//phia.icap.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/UPHIA-Summary-Sheet-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e2020.pdf].\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNakaye C, Mukiza N, Mawanda D, Kataike H, Kaganzi H, Ahimbisibwe GM, Businge GB, Kyambadde RC, Nakalega R. Viral load suppression after intensive adherence counselling among adult people living with HIV at Kiswa health centre, Kampala: a retrospective cohort study. Secondary data analysis. AIDS Res Therapy. 2023;20(1):18.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOdongo I, Arim B, Ayer P, Murungi T, Akullo S, Aceng D, Oboke H, Kumakech E, Obua C, Auma AG. Utilization of antiretroviral therapy services and associated factors among adolescents living with HIV in northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(7):e0288410.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKiyingi M, Nankabirwa JI, Sekaggya-Wiltshire C, Nangendo J, Kiweewa JM, Katahoire AR, Semitala FC. Predictors of delayed Anti-Retroviral Therapy initiation among adults referred for HIV treatment in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtnafu Gebeyehu N, Yeshambel Wassie A, Abebe Gelaw K. Acceptance Of HIV Testing And Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care In Gunino Health Center, Southern Ethiopia 2019: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. HIV/AIDS (Auckland NZ). 2019;11:333\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlemu YM, Ambaw F, Wilder-Smith A. Utilization of HIV testing services among pregnant mothers in low income primary care settings in northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):199.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBhatia DS, Harrison AD, Kubeka M, Milford C, Kaida A, Bajunirwe F, Wilson IB, Psaros C, Safren SA, Bangsberg DR. The role of relationship dynamics and gender inequalities as barriers to HIV-serostatus disclosure: qualitative study among women and men living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. Front public health 2017, 5:188.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVelloza J, Khoza N, Scorgie F, Chitukuta M, Mutero P, Mutiti K, Mangxilana N, Nobula L, Bulterys MA, Atujuna M. The influence of HIV-related stigma on PrEP disclosure and adherence among adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082: a qualitative study. Afr J Reprod Gynaecol Endoscopy. 2020;23(3):e25463.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-health-population-and-nutrition","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"johp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition](http://jhpn.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"41043","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41043/3","title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4907098/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4907098/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Uganda, urban centers face a high prevalence of HIV, exacerbated by misinformation, low testing rates, and non-disclosure of HIV status. However, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure within these urban centers remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV testing, misinformation, and non-disclosure in selected urban centers of West Nile, Eastern and Northern Uganda to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving HIV awareness, increasing the uptake of HIV testing services, and facilitating disclosure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted among 930 households in five urban centres in Uganda. A multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of participants. A digitized structured questionnaire preloaded on the KoboCollect mobile application. Data were downloaded in Microsoft Excel and exported into Stata version 14 for statistical analysis. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variables.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout 93.2% of respondents were misinformed about HIV, 20.8% had not disclosed their HIV status, and 3.3% had never been tested for HIV. Having a primary level of education (PR:0.96, 95% CI:0.93\u0026ndash;0.99, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.035) and spending more than 6 years in the area (PR: 1.05, 95% CI:1.00-1.10, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029) were associated with \u0026ldquo;HIV-related misinformation.\u0026rdquo; Being knowledgeable about some special drugs that a doctor or a nurse could give to a woman infected with the HIV/AIDs virus to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby (PR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.07, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.024) was associated with \u0026ldquo;HIV testing\u0026rdquo;. Being married (PR:0.89, 95% CI:0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.12, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 was associated with \u0026ldquo;non-disclosure\u0026rdquo; of HIV status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA high proportion of respondents were misinformed about HIV/AIDS, although the majority had been tested and disclosed their serostatus to partners. HIV/AIDS-related misinformation was associated with having a primary education and residing in the area for more than six years. Additionally, knowledge of special medications that healthcare providers can give to women with HIV to reduce the risk of transmission to their babies predicted HIV testing. Disclosure of HIV status was more common among those who were married or widowed. This study suggests the need for intentional educative interventions with clear and correct HIV/AIDs messages to improve knowledge, increase testing, and facilitate the disclosure of HIV status.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"HIV-related misinformation, testing, and disclosure among selected urban dwellers in Uganda; a cross-sectional survey","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-13 15:53:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4907098/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-09-06T02:22:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-03T13:25:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-02T11:57:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"39913891958665365567501828908404740058","date":"2024-08-22T09:44:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"309158190018298439015269389902014938881","date":"2024-08-18T11:40:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"299538593004023254901001577150890946304","date":"2024-08-18T06:28:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-08-18T06:25:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-08-17T10:24:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-17T10:23:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition","date":"2024-08-13T12:36:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-health-population-and-nutrition","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"johp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition](http://jhpn.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"41043","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41043/3","title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2248d0fb-1388-4115-9ca0-fe989183786c","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T16:07:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4907098","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01134-4","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-health-population-and-nutrition","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-26 15:58:21","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 26th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-13 15:53:38","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s41043-025-01134-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01134-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4907098","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4907098","identity":"rs-4907098","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}