Gene Knock Up via 3’UTR editing to study gene functionin vivo

Currently available genetic tools do not allow researchers to upregulate (‘Knock Up’) the levels of a given protein while retaining its cell-type-specific regulation. As a result, we have limited ability to develop overexpression-related disease models, to study the contribution of single genes in diseases caused by copy number variations and to identify disease pathways for drug targets. Here we develop two approaches for endogenous gene upregulation: c onditional K nock U p (cKU) utilizing the Cre/lox system, and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene K nock U p (KU) in wild-type mouse embryos and human cells. Using glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) as a proof of concept, we show that both approaches resulted in upregulation of endogenous GDNF levels without disturbing Gdnf ’s expression pattern. Furthermore, CNS-specific GDNF cKU resulted in dopaminergic abnormalities and schizophrenia-like phenotypes. Our results suggest that gene Knock Up can reveal unknown gene functions and provide novel entry points for studying neurological disease.