Optimization of Bacillus Bacteria Mediated Biosynthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using a Precise Gradient Generated Through Microfluidic Network.

Optimization of Bacillus Bacteria Mediated Biosynthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using a Precise Gradient Generated Through Microfluidic Network. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimization of Bacillus Bacteria Mediated Biosynthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using a Precise Gradient Generated Through Microfluidic Network. Hayat Abdulla Yusuf, zainab Mohammad Redha, Salwa Thawadi, Husain Maki, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4977308/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The biosynthesis of nickel nanoparticles has gained significant interest due to their distinctive properties and eco-friendly preparation methods. Nevertheless, optimizing the nanoparticles' biosynthesis can be time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, this study presents a microtechnology-based optimized process for producing nickel nanoparticles using bacterial growth (Bacillus species). Nickel is the precursor that is optimized by using Bacillus species growth. Growth duration, pH, and nickel precursor concentration were optimized. A gradient of various pH ranges was obtained via a hierarchical 2-inlet and 6-outlet microfluidic network. The network is distinguished by its capacity for automated, precise generation and sustained maintenance of concentration gradients for precursors and pH throughout the experimental duration. An optimum bacterial growth was observed at pH 6.5 and a nickel precursor concentration of 7.1×10 − 3 mol/L. The time factor was also investigated at the optimum conditions of the factors above. Complete precursor consumption was optimally achieved after 13 days of incubation within the 20-day experimental period. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the biosynthesized nickel nanoparticles. Powder X-ray diffraction measured the crystal size of the nanoparticles as 27.8 nm for the cubic phase and 29.9 nm for the triangular shape. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4977308","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":352942619,"identity":"27b0b0d0-aaa0-41d7-bbb5-87e1d29967f7","order_by":0,"name":"Hayat Abdulla Yusuf","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwglwc/PwMAGZDAD2TzEaZGc2UCiFgbJDQeI1WLOfsbwMc8fCwnjG8nHHjBUWCc2SPcewKvFsifH2Ji3TULC7EZaugHDmfTEBplzCfgddiDHTJq3QaLO7EaOmQRj2+HEBokcA/xazr8xk+b5IyFhPAOk5R8xWoCGS/OwSUgYSIC0NBCl5Vmx4VygXyTOPEs3SDiWbtwmc4aQw5I3Pnjzp06Cvx0YYh9qrGX7pXvwa2Fg4EBSkMAASQMEAPsDwmpGwSgYBaNgZAMAQQRBdgzMEzwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hayat","middleName":"Abdulla","lastName":"Yusuf","suffix":""},{"id":352942620,"identity":"d1289463-a42e-4cd0-97ca-dad337a5fe32","order_by":1,"name":"zainab Mohammad Redha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"zainab","middleName":"Mohammad","lastName":"Redha","suffix":""},{"id":352942621,"identity":"eede8cb7-2a47-4dbc-b1bf-2a7442a10315","order_by":2,"name":"Salwa Thawadi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Salwa","middleName":"","lastName":"Thawadi","suffix":""},{"id":352942622,"identity":"c1b65306-5168-41c0-a7ed-cccf03c95b3a","order_by":3,"name":"Husain Maki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Husain","middleName":"","lastName":"Maki","suffix":""},{"id":352942623,"identity":"8e8ef139-7ec6-447f-abbf-a97e762ef6b0","order_by":4,"name":"Husain Abbas","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Husain","middleName":"","lastName":"Abbas","suffix":""},{"id":352942624,"identity":"14bf60bb-b9e2-40fa-947e-bec723183d59","order_by":5,"name":"Jasim Mohsin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bahrain","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jasim","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohsin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-26 10:38:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4977308/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4977308/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":73979663,"identity":"23181706-42a8-44c9-bc31-6f12fbd44ff3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-16 15:02:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2220426,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"revisedBiosynthesisofNINPsmicrofluidpaper20240820.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4977308/v1_covered_d5c0a4c2-a2dc-4757-84ed-2ad8887ce4c2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Optimization of Bacillus Bacteria Mediated Biosynthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using a Precise Gradient Generated Through Microfluidic Network.","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4977308/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4977308/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe biosynthesis of nickel nanoparticles has gained significant interest due to their distinctive properties and eco-friendly preparation methods. 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