A Precise Microreaction Strategy to Overcome Trade-off Effect in Aromatic Nitration via Kinetic and Thermodynamic Regulation

A Precise Microreaction Strategy to Overcome Trade-off Effect in Aromatic Nitration via Kinetic and Thermodynamic Regulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Precise Microreaction Strategy to Overcome Trade-off Effect in Aromatic Nitration via Kinetic and Thermodynamic Regulation Guangsheng Luo, Jing Song, Zifei Yan, Tianyao Tang, Kai Wang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6746374/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aromatic nitration, a hazardously complex process, poses serious risks. A major challenge for the reaction is the trade-off effect between spatiotemporal conversion rate and selectivity, particularly the over-nitration side reactions that have plagued the field for nearly 200 years. We propose a novel countercurrent microflow mode between two microreactors to boost spatiotemporal conversion rate by over five times compared to the normal co-current microflow mode in a single microreactor, achieving a spatiotemporal conversion rate two orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional batch reactors. Meanwhile, we identify an inhibition mechanism of over-nitration. The generated H 2 O in the main reaction can in situ reduce the dissolution of nitroaromatics in the aqueous phase and effectively prevent over-nitration. Through synergistic control of both kinetics and thermodynamics in the microreaction process, we achieve the highest spatiotemporal conversion rate and selectivity simultaneously, and overcome the trade-off effect successfully. Furthermore, we demonstrate the broad applicability of the new technology across various aromatic nitration processes. Physical sciences/Engineering/Chemical engineering Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical engineering microreactor nitration countercurrent flow trade-off effect Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Supplementaryinformation.docx A Precise Microreaction Strategy to Overcome Trade-off Effect in Aromatic Nitration via Kinetic and Thermodynamic Regulation Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6746374","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":476804576,"identity":"aeafa437-a837-486d-9211-b0d57b0d396c","order_by":0,"name":"Guangsheng 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