Biosorption of Solophenyl Red 7BE Dye onto Raw Sunflower Seed Hulls: Characterisation, Ionic Strength Effects, Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling

Biosorption of Solophenyl Red 7BE Dye onto Raw Sunflower Seed Hulls: Characterisation, Ionic Strength Effects, Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Biosorption of Solophenyl Red 7BE Dye onto Raw Sunflower Seed Hulls: Characterisation, Ionic Strength Effects, Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling Selma SI SMAIL, Wahiba LEMLIKCHI, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Safia LEMLIKCHI, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8419185/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Anionic textile dyes released into wastewater streams pose a significant environmental challenge because of their chemical stability, poor biodegradability, and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates, for the first time, the removal of the anionic dye Solophenyl red 7BE using the low cost biosorbent Sunflower seed hulls. The adsorption process was conducted in batch mode at room temperature under neutral conditions. The biosorbent was used in its raw form. The adsorbent was characterized using several characterization techniques such as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The adsorption mechanisms were discussed using equilibrium isotherms and kinetic models. Results demonstrated that Sunflower seed hulls is a highly effective and sustainable biosorbent for removing the Solophenyl red 7BE textile dye. At an adsorbent dose of 2.5 g / L and in presence of 5.84 g / L of sodium chloride, the Solophenyl red 7BE dye with 20 mg/L initial concentration has been removed with an efficiency above 97%. The addition of sodium chloride improves adsorption about 20% with less biosorbent. The kinetic study and characterization analyses revealed that the adsorption of Solophenyl red 7BE dye is a combination of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model describes the adsorption dynamic, while Freundlich isotherm provides the best fit for biosorption process. Strong and specific interactions between the dye and the matrix were observed. Biosorption sunflower seed hull powder Solophenyl red 7BE textile effluent treatment Electrolyte kinetic and isotherm study Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8419185","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":563957104,"identity":"a84d423f-27cd-414d-b4fc-56755c3cbfb3","order_by":0,"name":"Selma SI SMAIL","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Selma","middleName":"SI","lastName":"SMAIL","suffix":""},{"id":563957105,"identity":"723ff3a9-eb53-4f43-8235-6617d97cd828","order_by":1,"name":"Wahiba LEMLIKCHI","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDUlEQVRIie3RsUoDQRCA4VkOtLlw7QTRZ1hZCBECeZYlhU0KwUYQwh0DkyZgeyAhr2FhsUfaPEBAC09BbIQTG0ELd6Nik5HYiex/3dx+x7AHEIv9yZIc4Ag1oCpuAPBzAqBykYRXekVIfxC1EfEPwhZ+T34g2qnidqm7JjsnPm1ddG2+XdHD0yXszgTjCZmhxg5eV3zVWqDNU8sH5T2YQiAdp3jHk55G6wmj6TvLJnVgSVjMk/HrFzkOBLKazZsnLBNOwmKBJJ7sAVq6A08mAunPFYXFDC4ttacrUrOaODSlQNpjqp6HJ6P9s/Kwbh55lEI2mDcvrifeGCRrZuEHoXBe+kzzu/OxWCz2z3sHp0VWM/Y/VdEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wahiba","middleName":"","lastName":"LEMLIKCHI","suffix":""},{"id":563957108,"identity":"56634edc-f138-49d8-9cfa-7ed70a632fd7","order_by":2,"name":"Marie-Laure Fauconnier","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marie-Laure","middleName":"","lastName":"Fauconnier","suffix":""},{"id":563957110,"identity":"722c7142-e320-4a79-926a-bb4b8ec0c980","order_by":3,"name":"Safia LEMLIKCHI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Safia","middleName":"","lastName":"LEMLIKCHI","suffix":""},{"id":563957112,"identity":"006b7b98-2ea3-485d-9dab-8fdf40e75156","order_by":4,"name":"Messaoud Hachemi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Boumerdes","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Messaoud","middleName":"","lastName":"Hachemi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-21 19:23:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8419185/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8419185/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104370796,"identity":"0462366d-e82f-4fc9-9f8a-5b5428decd8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 04:56:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1208420,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Article2sismail21122025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8419185/v1_covered_e8e71f65-66ce-44c9-86ae-5768d4ac23f0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Biosorption of Solophenyl Red 7BE Dye onto Raw Sunflower Seed Hulls: Characterisation, Ionic Strength Effects, Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Biosorption, sunflower seed hull powder, Solophenyl red 7BE, textile effluent treatment, Electrolyte, kinetic and isotherm study","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8419185/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8419185/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAnionic textile dyes released into wastewater streams pose a significant environmental challenge because of their chemical stability, poor biodegradability, and adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates, for the first time, the removal of the anionic dye Solophenyl red 7BE using the low cost biosorbent Sunflower seed hulls. The adsorption process was conducted in batch mode at room temperature under neutral conditions. The biosorbent was used in its raw form. The adsorbent was characterized using several characterization techniques such as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The adsorption mechanisms were discussed using equilibrium isotherms and kinetic models. Results demonstrated that Sunflower seed hulls is a highly effective and sustainable biosorbent for removing the Solophenyl red 7BE textile dye. At an adsorbent dose of 2.5 g / L and in presence of 5.84 g / L of sodium chloride, the Solophenyl red 7BE dye with 20 mg/L initial concentration has been removed with an efficiency above 97%. 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