Allometry of Human Calvaria Bones During Development From Birth to 8 Years of Age

Allometry of Human Calvaria Bones During Development From Birth to 8 Years of Age | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Allometry of Human Calvaria Bones During Development From Birth to 8 Years of Age Cristina Schaurich, Anthony N. Saraco, Mandeep S. Tamber, Rainer Guilherme Heatinger, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : Pediatric heads change rapidly in size and shape during growth, especially for children up to eight years old. This project was developed to address the gap around the 3-dimensional growth parameters of the human skull during this period. This study offers novel data on the dynamic changes in the anatomy of the skull in order to provide better guidance for practicing pediatric surgical care. The study used the craniometric points defined on Three Dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructions to map skull development in children from 0 to 8 years old. Results : A total of 364 3D CT scans were analyzed, and 17 statistical geometry models were developed to provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical understanding of the pediatric skull for each age group. This study presents a 3D visualization of the developmental cranial anatomy variations among children from birth to 8 years old, demonstrating the closure of the sutures and fontanelles, changes in cranial size, and the differential growth of the skull bones. Conclusion : This study delivers seventeen 3D models of children’s skulls with anatomical craniometric features, such as head shape, bone size, and sutures closure time. The 3D visualization of the developmental characteristics of the skull facilitates understanding the characteristics of each age group’s cranial anatomy, which has been relatively unknown to this date. The seventeen models are a landmark dataset for the development of the human skull. Health sciences/Medical research/Paediatric research Health sciences/Anatomy Health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Bone Biological sciences/Neuroscience pediatrics skull development children’s skull cranial sutures cranial bones Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 20 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jun, 2024 Editor invited by journal 04 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 31 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 16 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4428714","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":314644152,"identity":"9789a4e5-e91d-4654-8a2d-4e53bbb2f163","order_by":0,"name":"Cristina Schaurich","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYQmQAiDjA22IBEGg+QoiUNLEJACwQkQLUfBtN4tfDPPtz8geGPXR7/jNyHB37uOG+3tv0w0JYam2hcWiTOJbZJMLYlF0vcSDc42HvmdvK2M4lALcfSchtwaDHgYWwDOT6x4UYaw2HGttvJZkA20FOH8WkBOexA4nyIlnPJZucfEtTSIMHAdiBxA0TLATuzGwRskTjD2CaR2JacuPHMM4aDvW3JCWY3gLYk4PELfw/74w8f/tglzjuexvzhZ5udvdn59IcPPtTY4NQCBglI7MQGdBGCwJ4UxaNgFIyCUTAyAAAl8WidTt3xaAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cristina","middleName":"","lastName":"Schaurich","suffix":""},{"id":314644154,"identity":"d4e37272-b672-4844-9af0-b40686e34134","order_by":1,"name":"Anthony N. Saraco","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anthony","middleName":"N.","lastName":"Saraco","suffix":""},{"id":314644156,"identity":"7d2624c9-3b64-467a-8dd0-2641c9964513","order_by":2,"name":"Mandeep S. Tamber","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mandeep","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Tamber","suffix":""},{"id":314644157,"identity":"d4b2f11f-8111-4199-83d8-d309329dd554","order_by":3,"name":"Rainer Guilherme Heatinger","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"BP Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rainer","middleName":"Guilherme","lastName":"Heatinger","suffix":""},{"id":314644160,"identity":"0a634959-c2c4-4cb2-b6a7-c04b97d6a054","order_by":4,"name":"Ishan Dixit","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ishan","middleName":"","lastName":"Dixit","suffix":""},{"id":314644161,"identity":"3c7767f5-fd89-4935-8b22-296469dba146","order_by":5,"name":"Krebs Claudia","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Krebs","middleName":"","lastName":"Claudia","suffix":""},{"id":314644165,"identity":"a470ddfd-f1e1-4a21-8e73-fd9bb3b6203f","order_by":6,"name":"Paul Steinbok","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of British Columbia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Paul","middleName":"","lastName":"Steinbok","suffix":""},{"id":314644168,"identity":"e6cfc0d4-15e4-4a2a-b2ff-4bd20de6c9f1","order_by":7,"name":"Maanas Hemanth Oruganti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Simon Fraser University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maanas","middleName":"Hemanth","lastName":"Oruganti","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-16 06:03:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77315-8","type":"published","date":"2024-10-31T16:04:51+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":68206325,"identity":"a43fa962-6e1a-43ac-833f-11cd894bc4b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 16:30:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1254614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SkullAllometryManuscriptCS0530.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4428714/v1_covered_da80045a-ce46-4547-bf13-19640a50f320.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAllometry of Human Calvaria Bones During Development From Birth to 8 Years of Age\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"pediatrics, skull development, children’s skull, cranial sutures, cranial bones","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: Pediatric heads change rapidly in size and shape during growth, especially for children up to eight years old. This project was developed to address the gap around the 3-dimensional growth parameters of the human skull during this period. This study offers novel data on the dynamic changes in the anatomy of the skull in order to provide better guidance for practicing pediatric surgical care. The study used the craniometric points defined on Three Dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructions to map skull development in children from 0 to 8 years old.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: A total of 364 3D CT scans were analyzed, and 17 statistical geometry models were developed to provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical understanding of the pediatric skull for each age group. This study presents a 3D visualization of the developmental cranial anatomy variations among children from birth to 8 years old, demonstrating the closure of the sutures and fontanelles, changes in cranial size, and the differential growth of the skull bones.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e: This study delivers seventeen 3D models of children’s skulls with anatomical craniometric features, such as head shape, bone size, and sutures closure time. The 3D visualization of the developmental characteristics of the skull facilitates understanding the characteristics of each age group’s cranial anatomy, which has been relatively unknown to this date. The seventeen models are a landmark dataset for the development of the human skull.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Allometry of Human Calvaria Bones During Development From Birth to 8 Years of Age","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-18 18:18:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4428714/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-26T01:19:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-24T12:14:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-20T17:07:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"107150358040719989313564658375032684911","date":"2024-06-19T14:14:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"258486462598279379241064775650402673759","date":"2024-06-10T18:02:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-08T17:54:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-08T17:48:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-04T12:10:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-06-01T03:31:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-05-16T06:02:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"975c7437-b62f-4210-b7bf-671b6c01647c","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":33423574,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research/Paediatric research"},{"id":33423575,"name":"Health sciences/Anatomy"},{"id":33423576,"name":"Health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Bone"},{"id":33423577,"name":"Biological sciences/Neuroscience"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-04T16:21:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4428714","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77315-8","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-10-31 16:04:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 31st, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-18 18:18:39","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-77315-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77315-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4428714","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4428714","identity":"rs-4428714","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}