Evolutionary game analysis on behavioral strategies of multi-stakeholder in construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling product industry

Construction and demolition waste(C&DW) recycling products have drawn worldwide attention over the past few decades. There is a general agreement among researchers that C&DW recycling product is an important means for curbing the deterioration of the environment in China. Previous studies mainly focused on the decision-making behavior of dual stakeholders or tripartite stakeholders, as well as lack of consideration of cooperation among multi-stakeholder. This study explored a dynamic evolutionary game model with three different parameter conditions to research decision-making behaviors and stable strategies of the multi-stakeholder involved in the C&DW recycling product industry, including government departments and some enterprises. This research also investigates how government’s supervision cost, penalty to the enterprises and the resource taxes affect the dynamic evolution process of the C&DW recycling. This research conducted numerical simulations by Python to analyze stakeholders’ behavioral evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) and the sensitivity to main factors in each stage of the C&DW recycling product industry. Based on the results of the evolutionary game, this paper proposed that the roles of multi-stakeholder are different at different stages of industry development, and that supervision cost, penalty and resource tax have their own impacts on the C&DW recycling product industry. A series of discussions and simulation studies were proposed to accelerate the achievement of sustainable development of C&DW recycling products in China's building sectors.