Analysis of Hair Loss Status and Influencing Factors Among Undergraduate Students

Analysis of Hair Loss Status and Influencing Factors Among Undergraduate Students | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Analysis of Hair Loss Status and Influencing Factors Among Undergraduate Students Ruiting SHI, Lei HAO, Yushu GAN, Juanni WANG, Yan LUO This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hair loss among undergraduate students and analyze the influencing factors, thus providing a scientific basis for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,052 college students from 20 provinces using the Questionnaire Star platform. Three validated scales were employed: the Hair Loss Grading Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). A binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of hair loss. Results Among the participants, 39.2% (n = 1,186) reported hair loss, with 91.5% (n = 1,085) experiencing mild hair loss and 8.5% (n = 101) experiencing moderate to severe hair loss. Female students (OR = 12.130, 95% CI = 9.366–15.709), those with a family history of hair loss (OR = 1.809, 95% CI = 1.493–2.192), scalp itching (OR = 2.257, 95% CI = 1.432–3.556), oily hair (OR = 1.300, 95% CI = 1.022–1.654), sleep disorders (OR = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.126–1.670), and depression (OR = 1.406, 95% CI = 1.050–1.881) were identified as significant risk factors for hair loss (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hair loss is prevalent among undergraduate students, with most cases being mild. Universities and health authorities should implement regular health education programs on hair loss prevention and promote healthy lifestyles among students. Health sciences/Medical research/Epidemiology Health sciences/Risk factors Undergraduate students Hair loss Sleep quality Mental health Introduction Hair loss, characterized by excessive hair shedding, can result from primary skin diseases or underlying health conditions 1 . In China, over 250 million people suffer from hair loss. Recent trends indicate a rising prevalence of hair loss among younger populations, likely due to lifestyle and environmental changes 2 ; 3 . Hair loss not only diminishes quality of life but also significantly impacts mental health 4 . Known contributing factors include genetics, endocrine disorders, stress, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and medication side effects 5 ; 6 . Most domestic studies have focused on undergraduate students in specific regions or specific universities, with few large-scale, multi-center national studies conducted 7 ; 8 . Therefore, a nationwide survey on hair loss among undergraduate students is crucial to identify risk factors early and implement effective preventive measures. This study aims to analyze the current status of hair loss among undergraduate students and explore the influencing factors, thus providing a scientific basis for future interventions. 1. Subjects and methods 1.1 Subjects This cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2024 using convenience sampling via the Questionnaire Star platform. A total of 3,129 undergraduate students from 20 provinces (including Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hebei, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Beijing, and Guizhou) participated, with 3,052 valid questionnaires collected (response rate: 97.5%). Inclusion criteria: ① age ≥ 18 years; ② undergraduate students. Exclusion criteria: ① severe mental disorders, cognitive dysfunction, substance addiction, or significant memory and intellectual impairments; ② complicating severe organic diseases. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Approval No. 2023399). Clinical trial number: not applicable. 1.2 Methods 1.2.1 General information collection A general information questionnaire was designed based on a literature review, covering: ① basic information: age, gender, grade, major, height, weight, family history of hair loss, history of acne, history of seborrheic dermatitis, hair washing frequency, hair dyeing and perming frequency, and scalp itching; ② lifestyle: history of medication/dieting for weight loss, dietary preferences, smoking and drinking habits, and exercise habits. BMI was categorized as underweight (< 18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–24.0 kg/m²), overweight (24.0–28.0 kg/m²), and obese (≥ 28.0 kg/m²) 9 . 1.2.2 Hair loss assessment Hair loss was graded using the Norwood Scale for males 10 , and the Ludwig Scale for females 11 . Hair loss severity was divided into 7 levels, and participants self-reported their hair loss status based on images, with level I indicating no hair loss, Levels II–III indicating mild hair loss, and Level IV–VII indicating moderate to severe hair loss. 1.2.3 Sleep quality assessment Sleep quality over the past month was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) developed by Buysse et al 12 . in 1989. It was translated into Chinese version by Liu Xianchen et al. in 1996 13 . The scale, which is highly reliable and valid, is applicable to general populations and has been applied to undergraduate students 14 . The scale consists of 18 items spanning 7 components: sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep disorders, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored from 0 to 3, with a sum ranging from 0 to 21 which constitutes the total PSQI score. A total score > 7 indicates poor sleep quality, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality. 1.2.4 Depression, anxiety and stress assessment The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), developed by Lovibond et al. in 1995 and revised by Xi Xu et al. in 2010, was used to assess emotional symptoms 15 . The scale consists of 21 items spanning 3 components (depression, anxiety, and stress, with 7 items for each component). Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with scores ≥ 10, ≥8, and ≥ 15 indicating depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient for DASS-21 was 0.891, and the coefficients for the depression, anxiety, and stress dimensions were 0.774, 0.743, and 0.752, respectively, indicating high reliability and validity. The scale has been extensively used to assess the severity of negative emotional symptoms in undergraduate students over the past week. 1.3 Quality control Before the formal survey, a pre-test was conducted with 15 undergraduate students to verify the feasibility of the measurement tools, survey process, and recruitment methods. Data were collected using Questionnaire Star. Participants were fully informed of information about the study purpose, significance, potential benefits, and risks in written form. Informed consent was obtained before participation. Each IP address was limited to one response, and questionnaires completed in less than 1 minute were considered invalid. 1.4 Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software. Categorical data were expressed as frequencies, percentages, or proportions (%), and group comparisons were performed using the χ 2 test. Influencing factors of androgenetic alopecia among undergraduate students were analyzed using the binomial logistic regression. A two-tailed test was applied for hypothesis test, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. 2. Results 2.1 General characteristics of subjects The age of the 3,052 undergraduate students ranged from 18 to 28 years. Among them, 1,769 (58.0%) were male, and 1,283 (42.0%) were female. 32.9% (n = 1,005) had a family history of hair loss, 39.8% (n = 1,214) had oily hair, and 58.6% (n = 1,789) reported scalp itching. Details are shown in Table 1 . Table 1 General information of research subjects (N = 3052) Item N (%) Component N (%) Gender Male 1769(58.0) Family history of hair loss Yes 1005(32.9) Female 1283(42.0) No 2047(67.1) Grade Freshman 1921(62.9) History of acne Yes 569(18.6) Sophomore 886(29.1) No 2483(81.4) Junior and above 245(8.0) History of seborrheic dermatitis Yes 552(18.1) Major Medicine 752(24.6) No 2500(81.9) Science 522(17.2) History of weight loss Yes 426(14.0) Engineering 684(22.4) No 2626(86.0) Others (Arts/Management/Agriculture, etc.) 1094(35.8) Skin type Oily 1215(39.8) BMI Underweight 596(19.5) Dry 436(14.3) Normal 1812(59.4) Normal 581(19.0) Overweight 504(16.5) Combination 820(26.9) Obese 140(4.6) Hair washing frequency ≥ 4 times/week 761(24.9) Hair type Oily 1214(39.8) 2–3 times/week 2135(70.0) Normal 980(32.1) ≤ 1 time/week 156(5.1) Dry 281(9.2) Hair dyeing/perm frequency Never 1587(52.0) Combination 577(18.9) 1 time/year 915(30.0) Dietary preferences Light 1293(42.4) ≥ 2 times a year 550(18.0) Salty 1183(38.8) Scalp itching No 1263(41.4) Sweet 967(31.7) Yes 1789(58.6) Spicy 1780(58.3) Exercise frequency Never 673(22.0) Greasy 915(30.0) ≤ 3h/week 1583(51.9) Frequency of coffee/tea/beverage Never 348(11.4) >3 hours/week 796(26.1) ≤ 1 time/week 1239(40.6) Alcohol habit Never 1384(45.3) >1 time/week 1465(48.0) ≤ 1 time/month 1298(42.5) Smoking Never 2209(72.4) >1 time/month 370(12.2) 5 cigarettes/day 410(13.4) 2.2 Hair loss status and influencing factors 38.9% (n = 1,186) of undergraduate students suffered from hair loss, with 91.5% (n = 1,085) having mild hair loss and 8.5% (n = 101) having moderate to severe hair loss. Female students have a significantly higher hair loss rate (68.9%) than male students (17.1%) (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences in hair loss rates were observed based on gender, grade, major, BMI, hair type, skin type, hair washing frequency, family history of hair loss, smoking, and drinking habits (P 0.05). Students with sleep disorders had significantly higher hair loss rates than those without sleep disorders (P < 0.001). Similarly, students with depression, anxiety, or stress had significantly higher hair loss rates than those without depression, anxiety, or stress (P < 0.001). Details are shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Univariate analysis of influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students (N = 3052) Item Normal n(%) Hair loss n(%) χ 2 P Overall 1866(61.1) 1186(38.9) Gender Male 1467(82.9) 302(17.1) 840.799 <0.001 Female 399(31.1) 884(68.9) Grade Freshman 1268(66.0) 653(34.0) 60.936 <0.001 Sophomore 489(55.2) 397(44.8) Junior and above 109(44.4) 136(55.6) Major Medicine 290(38.6) 462(61.4) 222.055 <0.001 Science 342(65.5) 180(34.5) Engineering 498(72.8) 186(27.2) Others 736(67.3) 358(32.7) BMI Underweight 297(49.8) 299(50.2) 63.230 <0.001 Normal 1109(61.2) 703(38.8) Overweight and obese 460(71.4) 184(28.6) Hair type Normal 682(69.6) 298(30.4) 50.766 <0.001 Oily 693(57.1) 521(42.9) Dry 179(63.7) 102(36.3) Combination 312(54.1) 265(45.9) Skin type Normal 414(71.3) 167(28.7) 94.155 <0.001 Oily 801(65.9) 414(34.1) Dry 254(58.3) 182(41.7) Combination 397(48.4) 423(51.6) Family history of hair loss Yes 487(48.5) 518(51.5) 101.442 <0.001 No 1379(67.4) 668(32.6) History of acne Yes 302(53.1) 267(46.9) 19.145 <0.001 No 1564(63.0) 919(37.0) History of seborrheic dermatitis Yes 292(52.9) 260(47.1) 19.266 <0.001 No 1574(63.0) 926(37.0) History of weight loss Yes 202(47.4) 224(52.6) 39.240 <0.001 No 1664(63.4) 962(36.6) Hair washing frequency ≥ 4 times/week 550(72.3) 211(27.7) 56.643 <0.001 2–3 times/week 1215(56.9) 920(43.1) ≤ 1 time/week 101(64.7) 55(35.3) Hair dyeing/perm frequency Never 993(62.6) 594(37.4) 2.910 0.233 1 time/year 543(59.3) 372(40.7) ≥ 2 times a year 330(60.0) 220(40.0) Scalp itching No 886(70.2) 377(29.8) 73.624 1 time/week 913(62.3) 552(37.7) Smoking Never 1247(56.5) 962(43.5) 75.572 <0.001 5 cigarettes/day 304(74.1) 106(25.9) Alcohol habit Never 792(57.2) 592(42.8) 17.216 1 time/month 246(66.5) 124(33.5) Exercise habit Never 319(47.4) 354(52.6) 133.524 3 hours/week 608(76.4) 188(23.6) Proportion of expenses on hair loss improvement <5% 1733(63.3) 1006(36.7) 51.049 <0.001 ≥ 5% 133(42.5) 180(57.5) Sleep disorder (PSQI) No 1087(69.0) 489(31.0) 84.131 <0.001 Yes 779(52.8) 697(47.2) DASS-21 Depression No 1294(66.7) 645(33.3) 70.060 <0.001 Yes 572(51.4) 541(48.6) Anxiety No 1216(68.4) 562(31.6) 94.263 <0.001 Yes 650(51.0) 624(49.0) Stress No 1646(63.8) 932(36.2) 51.223 <0.001 Yes 220(46.4) 254(53.6) 2.3 Multivariate analysis of hair loss among undergraduate students Binomial logistic regression analysis, with hair loss (0 = no, 1 = yes) as the dependent variable and factors showing statistically significant differences in univariate analysis (gender, grade, major, BMI, hair type, skin type, hair washing frequency, family history of hair loss, smoking, drinking habits, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and stress) as independent variables, revealed that female gender (OR = 12.130, 95% CI = 9.366–15.709), family history of hair loss (OR = 1.809, 95% CI = 1.493–2.192), scalp itching (OR = 2.257, 95% CI = 1.432–3.556), oily hair (OR = 1.300, 95% CI = 1.022–1.654), sleep disorders (OR = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.126–1.670), and depression (OR = 1.406, 95% CI = 1.050–1.881) were risk factors for hair loss (P < 0.05). Details are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Binomial logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students (N=3052) Variable OR 95CI% P Gender (reference: male) Female 12.130 9.366-15.709 ＜0.001 BMI (reference: normal) Underweight 1.107 0.903-1.358 0.328 Overweight 1.009 0.722-1.412 0.956 Major (reference: medicine) Science 0.819 0.613-1.096 0.179 Engineering 0.911 0.681-1.218 0.529 Others 0.860 0.672-1.102 0.233 Grade (reference: freshman) Sophomore 1.107 0.903-1.358 0.328 Junior and above 1.009 0.722-1.412 0.956 Hair Type (reference: normal) Oily 1.300 1.022-1.654 ＜0.05 Dry 0.756 0.530-1.080 0.124 Combination 1.277 0.930-1.620 0.148 Skin Type (reference: normal) Oily 0.916 0.687-1.222 0.550 Dry 0.810 0.578-1.135 0.221 Combination 0.800 0.592-1.082 0.148 Family history of hair loss (reference: no) Yes 1.809 1.493-2.192 ＜0.001 History of acne (reference: no) Yes 1.101 0.864-1.404 0.435 History of seborrheic dermatitis (reference: no) Yes 1.102 0.856-1.418 0.453 History of weight loss (reference: no) Yes 0.996 0.769-1.290 0.976 Hair washing frequency (reference: ≥4 times/week) 2-3 times/week 0.942 0.747-1.187 0.610 ≤1 time/week 0.807 0.513-1.269 0.354 Scalp itching (reference: no) Mild 1.336 1.098-1.627 ＜0.05 Moderate and above 2.257 1.432-3.556 ＜0.001 Smoking (reference: never) ＜1 cigarette/day 1.288 0.870-1.907 0.206 1~5 cigarettes/day 1.198 0.803-1.788 0.376 ＞5 cigarettes/day 1.178 0.853-1.628 0.319 Alcohol habit (reference: never) ≤1 time/month 1.008 0.818-1.242 0.942 ＞1 time/month 1.143 0.818-1.597 0.432 Dietary preferences (light) (reference: yes) No 0.873 0.715-1.065 0.180 Dietary preferences (sweet) (reference: no) Yes 1.013 0.832-1.234 0.897 Dietary preferences (spicy) (reference: no) Yes 1.014 0.827-1.242 0.96 Dietary preferences (greasy) (reference: no) Yes 0.936 0.768-1.142 0.517 Exercise frequency (reference: >3 hours/week) Never 0.908 0.725-1.136 0.398 ≤3h/week 0.827 0.627-1.091 0.827 Sleep disorder (reference: no) Yes 1.371 1.126-1.670 ＜0.05 Depression (reference: no) Yes 1.406 1.050-1.881 ＜0.05 Anxiety (reference: no) Yes 1.284 0.971-1.698 0.079 Stress (reference: no) Yes 1.157 0.865-1.548 0.326 3. Discussion 3.1 Current status of hair loss among undergraduate students The hair loss rate among undergraduate students in this study was 38.9%, similar to the 44.6% reported by Wang Yi et al. 7 in the survey among students in universities in Hangzhou but significantly lower than the 77.1% reported by Xue Shan et al. 8 in the survey among students in universities in Guangzhou. This discrepancy may be due to differences in the scales applied. This study and Wang Yi et al. 7 used international hair loss grading scales, while Xue Shan et al. 8 used a self-assessment scale (defining pathological hair loss as shedding more than 100 hairs per day). The hair loss rate in this study was significantly higher than the 11.47% reported by F. Xu et al. 16 in the survey among Shanghai community and the 7.27% reported by Cui Wenyue 17 in the survey among undergraduate students in Jiamusi University. This is possibly due to the latter surveys involving face-to-face dermatological examinations, which may have led to more rigid and objective criteria. Additionally, hair loss prevalence varies by region, climate, and economic level 18 ; 19 . 3.2 Influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students 3.2.1 Gender: The hair loss rate of female undergraduate students (68.9%) was significantly higher than male students (17.1%), which is consistent with the findings of Xue Shan et al. 8 in the survey in universities in Guangzhou but differing from those of F. Xu 16 and Cui Wenyue 17 . This may be related to the self-assessment of hair loss in the former studies. Awareness of the diseases affects its perception. For instance, in recent years, the term “female-pattern hair loss (FPHL)” has become more commonly used internationally, which has overwhelmed the previous term “female androgenetic alopecia”. This shift reflects the increasing attention women are paying to their hair loss conditions 20 . Studies show that female patients are more likely to seek early treatment 21 . 3.2.2 Oily hair and scalp itching: This study found that students with oily hair and scalp itching had higher hair loss rates, which is consistent with previous findings 22 – 24 . Androgenetic alopecia is closely related to acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and oily hair 25 – 27 . Excessive oil accumulation adversely affects the scalp microenvironment, triggering inflammatory responses. This inflammation disrupts the normal physiological functions of hair follicles, impairs blood circulation and nutrient supply to the follicles, accelerates the miniaturization process of hair follicles, and disrupts the hair growth cycle, thereby exacerbating the symptoms of androgenetic alopecia 28 . 3.2.3 Family history: In this study, 44.7% of male students and 43.3% of female students with hair loss had a family history, which is consistent with previous findings 29 . Although this study did not analyze paternal or maternal genetic correlations, many studies have reported a more prevalent paternal inheritance pattern 30 . Students with a family history of hair loss should pay attention to their hair loss conditions in daily life, intervene promptly, and maintain regular scalp hygiene to keep the scalp clean. 3.2.4 Sleep disorders: This study found that students with sleep disorders had significantly higher hair loss rates, which is consistent with previous findings [17, 31–33]. A study by Yi et al.[22], based on an online cross-sectional survey of the Chinese population, reported a significant association between sleep disorders and the severity of androgenetic alopecia. Sleep disorders may disrupt the endocrine and immune systems, leading to metabolic imbalances, which could be a cause or exacerbating factor for hair loss. However, the causal relationship remains to be verified. It is recommended to conduct health education and related lectures on the adverse effects of poor sleep among undergraduate students, to help them develop healthy sleep habits and regularly monitor their sleep conditions. 3.2.5 Depression: This study found that the prevalence of depression among students with hair loss was 45.6%, significantly higher than the 24.1% reported in the Report on National Mental Health Development in China (2021–2022) for the 18–24 age group. Thick hair symbolizes vitality and health, and the perception of hair loss may lead to feelings of lost health and aging, negatively impacting self-esteem, psychosocial status, and overall quality of life [34, 35], particularly among women [36]. Negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress can disrupt the immune and endocrine systems, triggering or exacerbating hair loss. Simultaneously, hair loss may lead to depression, low self-esteem, and shame, creating a vicious cycle [37, 38]. It is recommended that universities and relevant authorities regularly conduct educational campaigns on hair loss prevention and treatment, and provide medical services and psychological support to affected students. Preventive measures should focus on lifestyle and psychological well-being. For example, the benefits of good sleep quality, a cheerful mood, and a relaxed state of mind can be publicized to college students through videos, role-playing, and other methods. Additionally, online booking channels for psychological counseling services should be opened and actively promoted to provide necessary psychological support for students with hair loss. Furthermore, if the hair loss condition is severe, students should seek timely treatment at the university hospital and follow the prescribed medication regimen as advised by healthcare professionals. Limitations: This study has several limitations. First, the reliance on self-reported hair loss data may introduce subjectivity and potential bias. Second, as a cross-sectional design, this study can only establish associations rather than causal relationships. Further in-depth researches are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms. Declarations Authors' contributions RS conceptualized and designed the study, developed the methodology, implemented software tools, and drafted the original manuscript. LH, GY and JW conducted investigations, curated data, contributed to conceptualization and methodology, and drafted the original manuscript. YL provided supervision, validated the findings, and contributed to writing, reviewing, and editing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Project (2024JC-YBQN-0982). Data availability The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. This study adhered to the principle of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Approval No. 22023399). Before the commencement of the investigation, participants were given an informed consent form. They were thoroughly informed of the voluntary and confidential nature of their involvement in this study. Emphasis was placed on the fact that their participation was entirely optional and that they had the unconditional right to withdraw from the study at any point without consequences or explanation. Additionally, they were assured that all collected data would remain anonymous and that their privacy would be strictly protected throughout the research process. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. References Rudnicka, L. Hair Loss is a Symptom of Many Complex Medical and Psychological Problems. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 37 , 1460-1461 (2023). Jang, W. S. et al. The Annual Changes of Clinical Manifestation of Androgenetic Alopecia Clinic in Korean Males and Females: A Outpatient-Based Study. Ann. Dermatol. 25 , 181-188 (2013). Kim, B. J. et al. Androgenetic Alopecia in Adolescents: A Report of 43 Cases. J. Dermatol. 33 , 696-699 (2006). Hwang, H. W. et al. 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J. Med. Sci. 17 , 1584-1588 (2020). Katoulis, A. C. et al. Quality of Life and Psychosocial Impact of Scarring and Non-Scarring Alopecia in Women. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. 13 , 137-142 (2015). Davis, D. S. & Callender, V. D. Review of Quality of Life Studies in Women with Alopecia. Int J Womens Dermatol . 4 , 18-22 (2018). Rencz, F. et al. Alopecia Areata and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Br. J. Dermatol. 175 , 561-571 (2016). Lolli, F. et al. Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Endocrine . 57 , 9-17 (2017). Lee, S. et al. Ganoderma Lucidum Extract Attenuates Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Hair Follicle Cells. Iscience . 27 , 109675 (2024). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6207729","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":445243846,"identity":"14022afd-e610-4977-9105-555742535ac1","order_by":0,"name":"Ruiting SHI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruiting","middleName":"","lastName":"SHI","suffix":""},{"id":445243850,"identity":"bbd9ecf0-21bc-441e-99a2-c7ebd18e279a","order_by":1,"name":"Lei HAO","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"HAO","suffix":""},{"id":445243853,"identity":"81d28ef6-430e-42e0-82b2-2deae64e8cef","order_by":2,"name":"Yushu GAN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanzhong Central Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yushu","middleName":"","lastName":"GAN","suffix":""},{"id":445243856,"identity":"1fdb316c-31c6-4ba6-837b-0ab3fc86ae27","order_by":3,"name":"Juanni WANG","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juanni","middleName":"","lastName":"WANG","suffix":""},{"id":445243857,"identity":"fbf8402c-ba17-4103-93a1-e909a3b7e0d4","order_by":4,"name":"Yan LUO","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9ElEQVRIie2RsQrCMBCGLyi6VLteEQXfIFAQRMFXqRTi0sFHEIS42AfwLSoujpVAp7jrZKdOCk5iB8HW2jU6CuZb7j/4Pw4SAI3mB2kWAzs1ECHga3HUSq0YQ9skkQPofK+w8Wou6bv9SUE3wnQrxkEkb9i/CzDrHoV0q1IYs3wp7EDuNxQdAdbyTIkvVYrXwwYX7eCwX8e5Qg8erRCuVqwHFyQ4neMwV0bfKK0GZ93VTJLiCn5SjMQdtHn2yBDZFNnEQJlMd75CMevu7njhr69MWjgcdMyFu45ThZJRxTJVsmTkIVQKWfFaJnJV9TQajeZveQJFaVDQ8L0QFAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"LUO","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-12 02:08:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88226951,"identity":"0f4e0ff2-ce4d-40a7-8766-5ca305a5e9aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-04 08:48:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":913497,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6207729/v1/c5f08c72-5002-4bba-8a38-e1cb2eff8868.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of Hair Loss Status and Influencing Factors Among Undergraduate Students","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHair loss, characterized by excessive hair shedding, can result from primary skin diseases or underlying health conditions \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In China, over 250\u0026nbsp;million people suffer from hair loss. Recent trends indicate a rising prevalence of hair loss among younger populations, likely due to lifestyle and environmental changes \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Hair loss not only diminishes quality of life but also significantly impacts mental health \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Known contributing factors include genetics, endocrine disorders, stress, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and medication side effects \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Most domestic studies have focused on undergraduate students in specific regions or specific universities, with few large-scale, multi-center national studies conducted \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, a nationwide survey on hair loss among undergraduate students is crucial to identify risk factors early and implement effective preventive measures. This study aims to analyze the current status of hair loss among undergraduate students and explore the influencing factors, thus providing a scientific basis for future interventions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"1. Subjects and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e1.1 Subjects\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2024 using convenience sampling via the Questionnaire Star platform. A total of 3,129 undergraduate students from 20 provinces (including Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hebei, Guangdong, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Beijing, and Guizhou) participated, with 3,052 valid questionnaires collected (response rate: 97.5%). Inclusion criteria: ① age ≥ 18 years; ② undergraduate students. Exclusion criteria: ① severe mental disorders, cognitive dysfunction, substance addiction, or significant memory and intellectual impairments; ② complicating severe organic diseases. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Approval No. 2023399). Clinical trial number: not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Methods\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2.1 General information collection\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA general information questionnaire was designed based on a literature review, covering: ① basic information: age, gender, grade, major, height, weight, family history of hair loss, history of acne, history of seborrheic dermatitis, hair washing frequency, hair dyeing and perming frequency, and scalp itching; ② lifestyle: history of medication/dieting for weight loss, dietary preferences, smoking and drinking habits, and exercise habits. BMI was categorized as underweight (\u0026lt; 18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–24.0 kg/m²), overweight (24.0–28.0 kg/m²), and obese (≥ 28.0 kg/m²) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Hair loss assessment\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair loss was graded using the Norwood Scale for males \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and the Ludwig Scale for females \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Hair loss severity was divided into 7 levels, and participants self-reported their hair loss status based on images, with level I indicating no hair loss, Levels II–III indicating mild hair loss, and Level IV–VII indicating moderate to severe hair loss.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Sleep quality assessment\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep quality over the past month was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) developed by Buysse et al \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. in 1989. It was translated into Chinese version by Liu Xianchen et al. in 1996 \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e. The scale, which is highly reliable and valid, is applicable to general populations and has been applied to undergraduate students \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The scale consists of 18 items spanning 7 components: sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep disorders, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored from 0 to 3, with a sum ranging from 0 to 21 which constitutes the total PSQI score. A total score \u0026gt; 7 indicates poor sleep quality, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Depression, anxiety and stress assessment\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), developed by Lovibond et al. in 1995 and revised by Xi Xu et al. in 2010, was used to assess emotional symptoms \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The scale consists of 21 items spanning 3 components (depression, anxiety, and stress, with 7 items for each component). Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with scores ≥ 10, ≥8, and ≥ 15 indicating depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient for DASS-21 was 0.891, and the coefficients for the depression, anxiety, and stress dimensions were 0.774, 0.743, and 0.752, respectively, indicating high reliability and validity. The scale has been extensively used to assess the severity of negative emotional symptoms in undergraduate students over the past week.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Quality control\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore the formal survey, a pre-test was conducted with 15 undergraduate students to verify the feasibility of the measurement tools, survey process, and recruitment methods. Data were collected using Questionnaire Star. Participants were fully informed of information about the study purpose, significance, potential benefits, and risks in written form. Informed consent was obtained before participation. Each IP address was limited to one response, and questionnaires completed in less than 1 minute were considered invalid.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Statistical analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software. Categorical data were expressed as frequencies, percentages, or proportions (%), and group comparisons were performed using the χ\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e test. Influencing factors of androgenetic alopecia among undergraduate students were analyzed using the binomial logistic regression. A two-tailed test was applied for hypothesis test, with P \u0026lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"2. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 General characteristics of subjects\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe age of the 3,052 undergraduate students ranged from 18 to 28 years. Among them, 1,769 (58.0%) were male, and 1,283 (42.0%) were female. 32.9% (n = 1,005) had a family history of hair loss, 39.8% (n = 1,214) had oily hair, and 58.6% (n = 1,789) reported scalp itching. Details are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral information of research subjects (N = 3052)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1769(58.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily history of hair loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1005(32.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1283(42.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2047(67.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrade\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreshman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1921(62.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of acne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e569(18.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSophomore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e886(29.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2483(81.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e245(8.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of seborrheic dermatitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e552(18.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedicine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e752(24.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2500(81.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e522(17.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of weight loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e426(14.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineering\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e684(22.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2626(86.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers (Arts/Management/Agriculture, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1094(35.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1215(39.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderweight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e596(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e436(14.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1812(59.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e581(19.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverweight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e504(16.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e820(26.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObese\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140(4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair washing frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≥ 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e761(24.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1214(39.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2–3 times/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2135(70.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e980(32.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156(5.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e281(9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair dyeing/perm frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1587(52.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e577(18.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 time/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e915(30.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDietary preferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1293(42.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≥ 2 times a year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e550(18.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1183(38.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScalp itching\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1263(41.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e967(31.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1789(58.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpicy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1780(58.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e673(22.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreasy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e915(30.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 3h/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1583(51.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of coffee/tea/beverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e348(11.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;3 hours/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e796(26.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1239(40.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol habit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1384(45.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1465(48.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1298(42.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2209(72.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e370(12.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1 cigarette/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e213(7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 ~ 5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220(7.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e410(13.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Hair loss status and influencing factors\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.9% (n = 1,186) of undergraduate students suffered from hair loss, with 91.5% (n = 1,085) having mild hair loss and 8.5% (n = 101) having moderate to severe hair loss. Female students have a significantly higher hair loss rate (68.9%) than male students (17.1%) (P \u0026lt; 0.001). Statistically significant differences in hair loss rates were observed based on gender, grade, major, BMI, hair type, skin type, hair washing frequency, family history of hair loss, smoking, and drinking habits (P \u0026lt; 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found based on coffee/tea/beverage habit or hair dyeing/perm frequency (P \u0026gt; 0.05). Students with sleep disorders had significantly higher hair loss rates than those without sleep disorders (P \u0026lt; 0.001). Similarly, students with depression, anxiety, or stress had significantly higher hair loss rates than those without depression, anxiety, or stress (P \u0026lt; 0.001). Details are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students (N = 3052)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal n(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair loss n(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eχ\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1866(61.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1186(38.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1467(82.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e302(17.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e840.799\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e399(31.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e884(68.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrade\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreshman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1268(66.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e653(34.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.936\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSophomore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e489(55.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e397(44.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109(44.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136(55.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedicine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290(38.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e462(61.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e222.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342(65.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180(34.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineering\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e498(72.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186(27.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e736(67.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e358(32.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderweight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297(49.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299(50.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.230\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1109(61.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e703(38.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverweight and obese\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e460(71.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184(28.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e682(69.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e298(30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.766\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e693(57.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e521(42.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e179(63.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102(36.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e312(54.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e265(45.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e414(71.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167(28.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e801(65.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e414(34.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e254(58.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182(41.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e397(48.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e423(51.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily history of hair loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e487(48.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e518(51.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101.442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1379(67.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e668(32.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of acne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e302(53.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267(46.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1564(63.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e919(37.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of seborrheic dermatitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292(52.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e260(47.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1574(63.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e926(37.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of weight loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e202(47.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e224(52.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.240\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1664(63.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e962(36.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair washing frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≥ 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e550(72.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211(27.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.643\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2–3 times/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1215(56.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e920(43.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101(64.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55(35.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair dyeing/perm frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e993(62.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e594(37.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.910\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 time/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e543(59.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e372(40.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≥ 2 times a year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e330(60.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScalp itching\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e886(70.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e377(29.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.624\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e980(54.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e809(45.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of coffee/tea/beverage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e218(62.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130(37.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.914\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e735(59.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e504(40.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e913(62.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e552(37.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1247(56.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e962(43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.572\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1 cigarette/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149(70.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64(30.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 ~ 5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166(75.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54(24.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e304(74.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106(25.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol habit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e792(57.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e592(42.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.216\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e828(63.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e470(36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e246(66.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e124(33.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise habit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e319(47.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354(52.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133.524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≤ 3h/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e939(59.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e644(40.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;3 hours/week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e608(76.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188(23.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportion of expenses on hair loss improvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1733(63.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1006(36.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e≥ 5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133(42.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180(57.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep disorder (PSQI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1087(69.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e489(31.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e779(52.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e697(47.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDASS-21\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1294(66.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e645(33.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e572(51.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e541(48.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1216(68.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e562(31.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e650(51.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e624(49.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStress\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1646(63.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e932(36.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e220(46.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e254(53.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3 Multivariate analysis of hair loss among undergraduate students\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBinomial logistic regression analysis, with hair loss (0 = no, 1 = yes) as the dependent variable and factors showing statistically significant differences in univariate analysis (gender, grade, major, BMI, hair type, skin type, hair washing frequency, family history of hair loss, smoking, drinking habits, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and stress) as independent variables, revealed that female gender (OR = 12.130, 95% CI = 9.366–15.709), family history of hair loss (OR = 1.809, 95% CI = 1.493–2.192), scalp itching (OR = 2.257, 95% CI = 1.432–3.556), oily hair (OR = 1.300, 95% CI = 1.022–1.654), sleep disorders (OR = 1.371, 95% CI = 1.126–1.670), and depression (OR = 1.406, 95% CI = 1.050–1.881) were risk factors for hair loss (P \u0026lt; 0.05). Details are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable 3 Binomial logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students (N=3052)\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"568\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOR\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e95CI%\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 176px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender (reference: male)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.366-15.709\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI (reference: normal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnderweight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903-1.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverweight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.722-1.412\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMajor (reference: medicine)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.819\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.613-1.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEngineering\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.911\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.681-1.218\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.529\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.672-1.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade (reference: freshman)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSophomore\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903-1.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJunior and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.722-1.412\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHair Type (reference: normal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.022-1.654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.530-1.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.930-1.620\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkin Type (reference: normal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.687-1.222\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.550\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.578-1.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.592-1.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily history of hair loss (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.809\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.493-2.192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of acne (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.864-1.404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.435\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of seborrheic dermatitis (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.856-1.418\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.453\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of weight loss (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.769-1.290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.976\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHair washing frequency (reference: ≥4 times/week)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2-3 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.942\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.747-1.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.610\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e≤1 time/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.513-1.269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.354\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 387px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScalp itching (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.098-1.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.432-3.556\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking (reference: never)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜1 cigarette/day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.870-1.907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1~5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.803-1.788\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＞5 cigarettes/day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.853-1.628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 387px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlcohol habit (reference: never)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e≤1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.818-1.242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.942\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＞1 time/month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.818-1.597\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.432\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDietary preferences (light) (reference: yes)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.873\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.715-1.065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDietary preferences (sweet) (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.832-1.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.897\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDietary preferences (spicy) (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827-1.242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDietary preferences (greasy) (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.936\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.768-1.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.517\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExercise frequency (reference: \u0026gt;3 hours/week)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.908\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.725-1.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e≤3h/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.627-1.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.827\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 387px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep disorder (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.371\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.126-1.670\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.050-1.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.971-1.698\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 181px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStress (reference: no)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.865-1.548\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"3. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1 Current status of hair loss among undergraduate students\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe hair loss rate among undergraduate students in this study was 38.9%, similar to the 44.6% reported by Wang Yi et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in the survey among students in universities in Hangzhou but significantly lower than the 77.1% reported by Xue Shan et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in the survey among students in universities in Guangzhou. This discrepancy may be due to differences in the scales applied. This study and Wang Yi et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e used international hair loss grading scales, while Xue Shan et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e used a self-assessment scale (defining pathological hair loss as shedding more than 100 hairs per day). The hair loss rate in this study was significantly higher than the 11.47% reported by F. Xu et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in the survey among Shanghai community and the 7.27% reported by Cui Wenyue \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in the survey among undergraduate students in Jiamusi University. This is possibly due to the latter surveys involving face-to-face dermatological examinations, which may have led to more rigid and objective criteria. Additionally, hair loss prevalence varies by region, climate, and economic level \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e; \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Influencing factors of hair loss among undergraduate students\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Gender: The hair loss rate of female undergraduate students (68.9%) was significantly higher than male students (17.1%), which is consistent with the findings of Xue Shan et al. \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in the survey in universities in Guangzhou but differing from those of F. Xu \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and Cui Wenyue \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This may be related to the self-assessment of hair loss in the former studies. Awareness of the diseases affects its perception. For instance, in recent years, the term \u0026ldquo;female-pattern hair loss (FPHL)\u0026rdquo; has become more commonly used internationally, which has overwhelmed the previous term \u0026ldquo;female androgenetic alopecia\u0026rdquo;. This shift reflects the increasing attention women are paying to their hair loss conditions \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Studies show that female patients are more likely to seek early treatment \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Oily hair and scalp itching: This study found that students with oily hair and scalp itching had higher hair loss rates, which is consistent with previous findings \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR23\" citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Androgenetic alopecia is closely related to acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and oily hair \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR26\" citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Excessive oil accumulation adversely affects the scalp microenvironment, triggering inflammatory responses. This inflammation disrupts the normal physiological functions of hair follicles, impairs blood circulation and nutrient supply to the follicles, accelerates the miniaturization process of hair follicles, and disrupts the hair growth cycle, thereby exacerbating the symptoms of androgenetic alopecia \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Family history: In this study, 44.7% of male students and 43.3% of female students with hair loss had a family history, which is consistent with previous findings \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Although this study did not analyze paternal or maternal genetic correlations, many studies have reported a more prevalent paternal inheritance pattern \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Students with a family history of hair loss should pay attention to their hair loss conditions in daily life, intervene promptly, and maintain regular scalp hygiene to keep the scalp clean.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Sleep disorders: This study found that students with sleep disorders had significantly higher hair loss rates, which is consistent with previous findings [17, 31\u0026ndash;33]. A study by Yi et al.[22], based on an online cross-sectional survey of the Chinese population, reported a significant association between sleep disorders and the severity of androgenetic alopecia. Sleep disorders may disrupt the endocrine and immune systems, leading to metabolic imbalances, which could be a cause or exacerbating factor for hair loss. However, the causal relationship remains to be verified. It is recommended to conduct health education and related lectures on the adverse effects of poor sleep among undergraduate students, to help them develop healthy sleep habits and regularly monitor their sleep conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Depression: This study found that the prevalence of depression among students with hair loss was 45.6%, significantly higher than the 24.1% reported in the \u003cem\u003eReport on National Mental Health Development in China\u003c/em\u003e (2021\u0026ndash;2022) for the 18\u0026ndash;24 age group. Thick hair symbolizes vitality and health, and the perception of hair loss may lead to feelings of lost health and aging, negatively impacting self-esteem, psychosocial status, and overall quality of life [34, 35], particularly among women [36]. Negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress can disrupt the immune and endocrine systems, triggering or exacerbating hair loss. Simultaneously, hair loss may lead to depression, low self-esteem, and shame, creating a vicious cycle [37, 38].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that universities and relevant authorities regularly conduct educational campaigns on hair loss prevention and treatment, and provide medical services and psychological support to affected students. Preventive measures should focus on lifestyle and psychological well-being. For example, the benefits of good sleep quality, a cheerful mood, and a relaxed state of mind can be publicized to college students through videos, role-playing, and other methods. Additionally, online booking channels for psychological counseling services should be opened and actively promoted to provide necessary psychological support for students with hair loss. Furthermore, if the hair loss condition is severe, students should seek timely treatment at the university hospital and follow the prescribed medication regimen as advised by healthcare professionals. Limitations: This study has several limitations. First, the reliance on self-reported hair loss data may introduce subjectivity and potential bias. Second, as a cross-sectional design, this study can only establish associations rather than causal relationships. Further in-depth researches are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRS conceptualized and designed the study, developed the methodology, implemented software tools, and drafted the original manuscript. LH, GY and JW conducted investigations, curated data, contributed to conceptualization and methodology, and drafted the original manuscript. YL provided supervision, validated the findings, and contributed to writing, reviewing, and editing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Project (2024JC-YBQN-0982).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study adhered to the principle of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u0026rsquo;an Jiaotong University (Approval No. 22023399). Before the commencement of the investigation, participants were given an informed consent form. They were thoroughly informed of the voluntary and confidential nature of their involvement in this study. Emphasis was placed on the fact that their participation was entirely optional and that they had the unconditional right to withdraw from the study at any point without consequences or explanation. Additionally, they were assured that all collected data would remain anonymous and that their privacy would be strictly protected throughout the research process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRudnicka, L. Hair Loss is a Symptom of Many Complex Medical and Psychological Problems. \u003cem\u003eJ. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e37\u003c/strong\u003e, 1460-1461 (2023).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJang, W. S. et al. The Annual Changes of Clinical Manifestation of Androgenetic Alopecia Clinic in Korean Males and Females: A Outpatient-Based Study. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Dermatol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e25\u003c/strong\u003e, 181-188 (2013).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKim, B. J. et al. Androgenetic Alopecia in Adolescents: A Report of 43 Cases. \u003cem\u003eJ. Dermatol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e33\u003c/strong\u003e, 696-699 (2006).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHwang, H. W. et al. The Quality of Life and Psychosocial Impact On Female Pattern Hair Loss. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Dermatol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e36\u003c/strong\u003e, 44-52 (2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSadick, N. \u0026amp; Arruda, S. Understanding Causes of Hair Loss in Women. \u003cem\u003eDermatol. 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Ganoderma Lucidum Extract Attenuates Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Hair Follicle Cells. \u003cem\u003eIscience\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e27\u003c/strong\u003e, 109675 (2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Undergraduate students, Hair loss, Sleep quality, Mental health","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to investigate the prevalence of hair loss among undergraduate students and analyze the influencing factors, thus providing a scientific basis for effective prevention and treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,052 college students from 20 provinces using the Questionnaire Star platform. Three validated scales were employed: the Hair Loss Grading Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). A binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of hair loss.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the participants, 39.2% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,186) reported hair loss, with 91.5% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,085) experiencing mild hair loss and 8.5% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101) experiencing moderate to severe hair loss. Female students (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.130, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.366\u0026ndash;15.709), those with a family history of hair loss (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.809, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.493\u0026ndash;2.192), scalp itching (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.257, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.432\u0026ndash;3.556), oily hair (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.300, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.022\u0026ndash;1.654), sleep disorders (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.371, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.126\u0026ndash;1.670), and depression (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.406, 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.050\u0026ndash;1.881) were identified as significant risk factors for hair loss (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair loss is prevalent among undergraduate students, with most cases being mild. Universities and health authorities should implement regular health education programs on hair loss prevention and promote healthy lifestyles among students.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of Hair Loss Status and Influencing Factors Among Undergraduate Students","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-23 06:57:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6207729/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"112ec605-fa2b-46a6-8ce4-4e50e82aebeb","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":47402695,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research/Epidemiology"},{"id":47402696,"name":"Health sciences/Risk factors"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-04T08:39:54+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-23 06:57:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6207729","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6207729","identity":"rs-6207729","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}