Modeling, designing, and controlling a Three-Wheeled Electric Vehicle and implemented in Hardware

The purpose of this paper is to model and design an experimental electric vehicle, prototype, and the effective concept of a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS). Which is having three-wheel and tested according to the Indian rural road with different loading conditions. The methodology for vehicle modeling, selection of motor, controller designing, DC-DC converter designing, and sizing of the lithium-ion battery pack with battery management system are described. A real-time driver circuit with a programmable controller circuit board has been designed for the proper power flow according to the Indian road and successfully tested on the road as described in the paper. A similar model has been designed and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK in order to verify the efficiency of the proposed experimental prototype EV control system technology.