Functional and mortality outcomes with medical and surgical therapy in malignant posterior circulation infarcts: A systematic review

Functional and mortality outcomes with medical and surgical therapy in malignant posterior circulation infarcts: A systematic review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Functional and mortality outcomes with medical and surgical therapy in malignant posterior circulation infarcts: A systematic review Nicole-Ann Lim, Hong-Yi Lin, Choon Han Tan, Andrew FW Ho, Tseng Tsai Yeo, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background There remains uncertainty regarding optimal definitive management for malignant posterior circulation infarcts (MPCI). While guidelines recommend neurosurgery for malignant cerebellar infarcts that are refractory to medical therapy, concerns exist about functional outcome and quality of life after decompressive surgery. Objective This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention compared to medical therapy in MPCI. Methods In this systematic review, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until 2 nd April 2021. Studies were included if they involved posterior circulation strokes treated with neurosurgical intervention, and reported mortality and functional outcome data. Data were collected according to PRISMA guidelines. Results The search yielded 6,677 studies of which 31 studies (comprising 723 patients) were included for analysis. From the included studies, we found that surgical therapy led to significant differences in mortality and functional outcomes in patients with severe disease. Neurological decline and radiological criteria was often used to decide the timing for surgical intervention, as there is currently limited evidence for preventative neurosurgery. There is also limited evidence for the superiority of one surgical modality over another. Conclusion For patients with MPCI, in terms of mortality and functional outcome, surgical therapy appears to be equivocal to medical therapy, except in patients with severe disease. Reliable evidence is lacking and further prospective studies are rendered. stroke posterior circulation neurosurgery medical therapy Figures Figure 1 Introduction Stroke has become increasingly prevalent, with the mean global lifetime risk of stroke increasing from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016.[ 1 ] Ischemic strokes account for approximately 80% of all strokes, 20% of which are posterior circulation strokes that involve the vertebral arteries, basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries and their branches.[ 2 , 3 ] Posterior circulation strokes tend to have worse prognosis than their anterior circulation counterparts, and this is partly due to the important structures located there and partly due to difficulty in diagnosis that results in longer onset-to-door time.[ 4 ] The presentation is oftentimes non-specific with dizziness, vertigo and vomiting as the only symptoms.[ 5 ] In addition, as compared to the anterior cranial fossa, the smaller confines of the posterior fossa rapidly leads to mass effect, brainstem compression and increased mortality. In extensive posterior circulation infarcts, mass effect with brainstem and fourth ventricle compression, hydrocephalus and brainstem herniation can occur.[ 3 ] Medical management for this includes osmotic therapy and other ancillary measures like elevating the head of the bed, hypothermia, barbiturates and corticosteroids.[ 5 ] However these are typically temporising measures until resolution of the mass effect occurs or definitive decompressive surgical treatment.[ 5 ] Neurosurgical therapy for MPCI includes: extraventricular drainage (EVD), suboccipital decompressive craniectomy (SDC), SDC with necrosectomy, and SDC with EVD. There is evidence for early decompressive surgery in anterior circulation malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts[ 6 , 7 ], however evidence in MPCI is limited and warrants further review. While the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association guidelines recommend craniectomy in those with MPCI that are refractory to medical therapy[ 5 ], the evidence for this is sparse[ 8 ], as there are no randomised controlled trials on posterior circulation strokes and existing meta-analysis on this topic does not include the latest published data.[ 9 – 11 ]Similarly, there is a need to evaluate which type of neurosurgical intervention, if any, leads to better outcomes. This paper aims to provide a narrative review of the surgical interventions against medical therapy for the treatment of MPCI, and to investigate the optimal type and timing of neurosurgical interventions for MPCI. Methods The conduct and reporting of this study adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.[ 12 ] The study protocol has been published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021247737). Search strategy The following databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception till 2nd April 2021, using a search strategy designed in conjunction with a medical information specialist (Medical Library, National University of Singapore). The MEDLINE search used keywords synonymous with “ischemic stroke”, “cerebellar infarction”, “posterior cerebral infarction”, “vertebral infarction”, “basilar infarction”, “occipital infarction”, “cerebral infarction”, “craniotomy”, “craniectomy”, “surgical decompression”, “ventriculostomy”, “ventriculoperitoneal shunt”. The detailed search strategy is available in Supplementary Table 1. References of included studies and the grey literature sources, like Google Scholar, were also hand-searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Studies were included if they involved patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the posterior circulation, who later underwent neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention was defined as any combination of ventriculostomy, cerebral shunting, ventricular drains, craniotomy or craniectomy, with or without necrosectomy. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series with sufficient death and functional outcome outcome data were included. The following study designs were excluded: non-English studies without an accompanying English translation, conference abstracts, review articles, pre-clinical studies, studies involving paediatric populations, studies involving participants who only suffered from hemorrhagic stroke, and studies where the indication for neurosurgery was only after medical therapy had failed. Study selection Screening was conducted through Covidence (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia), an online systematic review tool recommended by Cochrane. The studies were reviewed independently by two authors (N.A. Lim and H.Y. Lin) through two rounds of screening using their title/abstracts and full texts. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Data extraction The following information was independently extracted from each article: authorship, year of publication, journal, country, hospital, study design, study period, and aims. The following patients’ demographical data were extracted: number of participants, sex, age. Data on the following comorbidities were extracted: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiac data (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, coronary disease). Pre-intervention parameters were collected, namely bilateral stroke, hydrocephalus, time from symptom onset to neurosurgical intervention, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission and pre-operatively. Post-intervention findings such as the following were also collected: GCS, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), mRS and number of deaths. Death was defined as 1 and 6 on the GOS and mRS respectively, or extracted from the text. Deaths at all reported time points were included, which ranged from time of discharge to 57.6 months.[ 13 ] Good functional outcome was defined as mRS 0–2, GOS 4–5, Barthel Index 91–100 or extracted from text ( Table 1 ). Risk of bias assessment Risk of bias of the studies were independently assessed by two authors (N.A. Lim and H.Y. Lin) using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale[ 14 ], the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-control study[ 15 ], and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series[ 16 ] for observational studies, case-control studies and case series respectively. Reporting bias assessment The relevant authors were contacted if there was missing data that was essential for our analysis. Results Our search yielded 6,673 studies, after deduplication. Following the title/abstract and full-text screen, 31 articles[ 10 , 13 , 17 – 45 ] were included for analysis. (Fig. 1 ) The main characteristics of the studies are summarised in Table 1 . Of the 31 studies included, 8 studies were observational studies that compared neurosurgery and medical therapy. 419 patients were included in these 8 studies. Amongst these patients, 184 of them were treated with neurosurgery and 235 were treated with medical therapy. 20 neurosurgical patients died. 29 of the medically managed patients died. Further information containing the biodata, GCS on admission, and outcome measures of the patients in the dual-arm and single-arm studies are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. Information about the age, pre-operative GCS, comorbidities, and outcome measures of all patients who underwent neurosurgery in all the studies are summarised in Table 4 . Medical versus surgical treatment Choice of surgical treatment vs medical treatment Generally speaking, most patients receiving exclusively conservative, or medical, treatment tended to be younger[ 39 ] or have better Glasgow Coma Scale levels[ 39 , 42 ] than those patients for surgical intervention. However, patients presenting initially in deep comas tended to be the exception to this rule, with some institutions[ 38 , 39 ] opting for conservative treatment given these patients’ poor prognosis. The treatment algorithms guiding the timing and choice of surgical treatment differed between institutions, and was often left up to the discretion of individual physicians[ 40 ]. For the majority of institutions[ 41 , 45 ] the decision for surgical intervention was made based on decline in neurological examination, in conjunction with radiological criteria, like fourth ventricular compression[ 13 ] or hydrocephalus[ 13 , 17 , 45 ]. Jauss et al. [ 41 ] found that surgery was universally performed amongst comatose patients, whereas treatment regimens were more diverse amongst patients with somnolence or stupor. Some studies then investigated whether these clinical features used in decision making were significant predictors for surgery. Taylor et al. [ 45 ] also found that clinical features of documented brainstem compression and hydrocephalus were significant predictors. This was concordant with the findings of Koh et al. [ 43 ], who also noted an association with basal cistern compression. Comparing functional outcomes between medical and surgical treatment Studies largely agreed[ 41 , 45 ] that there was no significant difference in admission or discharge neurologic examination or functional status between survivors of patients going through either neurosurgical or conservative management. One study by Hornig et al. [ 40 ], found that there was only a difference in functional outcome in the group of patients who were stuporous, comatose or have cardiorespiratory compromise, and surgery for this group of patients provided better functional outcomes compared to those who did not undergo surgery. This distinction between severe and limited disease was echoed by a small study by Mostofi et al. [ 42 ], which found that patients with massive ischemic cerebellar infarct, defined as ischemic volume above 5 cm 3 and/or when there was hydrocephalus or brain stem compression, showed improvements in GCS when operated (GCS at zero and four weeks for operated patients: 9.4 to 12.68) versus a decline when not operated (GCS at zero and four weeks for non-operated patients: 11.36 to 10.92). This was contradicted by a small case series of 15 patients by Taneda et al. [ 44 ], where 9 of 10 surgically operated patients survived, with the last patient dying of a perforated duodenal ulcer unrelated to the neurological insult. In that series, all 5 of the conservatively treated patients died. Comparing mortality rates between medical and surgical treatment With neurosurgical intervention for patients with large infarcts[ 42 ] with neurologic deterioration[ 18 ] or mass effect[ 18 , 42 ], mortality rates dropped from 66%[ 42 ] to approximately 20%[ 18 , 40 , 42 ]. However, as noted by Jauss et al. [ 41 ], for patients who were awake or drowsy and somnolent or stupor in consciousness, there was no significant difference after 3 months in outcomes between craniotomies, ventricular drainage and medical treatment. Similar findings were reported by Hornig et al. [ 40 ] in patients with early or intermediate clinical stages as well. Surgical Treatment Timing of surgical treatment While most authors opted for surgical deterioration after clinical[ 41 , 45 ] or radiological deterioration[ 13 , 17 , 45 ], Kim et al. [ 37 ] opted for preventative craniectomies in patients with large infarcts, which was defined as cerebellar infarction volume ratio between 0.25 and 0.33 on initial or routine follow-up radiographic findings. This was to account for patients who appeared clinically stable during the initial 72 hours, but would have a higher risk of delayed edema and deterioration later on. In this retrospective-matched case control study involving 28 patients[ 37 ], preventative suboccipital decompressive craniectomy was found to have significantly better outcomes at discharge and at 12-months, and fewer deaths at 12 months. Mattar et al. [ 29 ] also found that a short time from onset of symptoms to surgery was significantly associated with better functional outcomes at 3 months. However, these findings were not adjusted for other variables like premorbid function, and this was a retrospective study without controls. In contrast, in a retrospective study of 57 and 23 patients respectively, Pfefferkorn et al. [ 19 ] and Lindeskog et al. [ 28 ] found that there was no significant association between time interval to surgery and outcomes. Therefore, until there are prospective controlled studies on this topic, there remains little evidence for early or preventative craniectomies in the absence of clinical or radiological signs of deterioration. Choice of surgical intervention Studies that were included used various combinations of EVD, SDC, SDC with necrosectomy, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), ventriculo-arterial shunt, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Authors[ 18 , 38 ] often opted for a pathophysiology-directed approach and opted for external ventricular drainage in patients with hydrocephalus. In one institution[ 17 ] with neuroendoscopic experience, endoscopic third ventriculostomy was sometimes used instead. Juttler et al. [ 20 ] found that there was no significant difference in long term survival and survival time in those who died between patients who were treated by SDC only, EVD only and SDC with EVD. Evidence for which treatment provided better functional outcomes was mixed, with patients treated by SDC with EVD showing better outcomes at discharge as compared to those treated by EVD alone, but long-term outcomes favouring SDC as compared to EVD alone. When compared with pooled results from a meta-analysis[ 11 ] on SDC in cerebellar infarcts, Hernández-Durán et al. [ 30 ] found that there was no significant difference in outcomes or deaths between patients undergoing necrosectomy via osteoplastic craniotomy and patients undergoing SDC. There is currently limited evidence for which type of neurosurgical intervention results in better outcomes. Further research should be done on this topic. Assessment of publication bias The risk of bias assessments were also assessed and summarized. Of the eight cohort studies, four were found to have poor overall quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The remaining 24 case series and one case-control study were rated according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist (Supplementary Tables 2a – 2c ) . Discussion Surgical therapy for malignant posterior circulation infarcts appears to have limited impact on functional outcomes and reducing mortality, except in patients with severe disease. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare neurosurgical and medical interventions for posterior circulation strokes. It also provides the most updated perspective on neurosurgical outcomes for MPCI. Most authors advocate for neurosurgical intervention with the onset of symptoms, as opposed to preventative or early neurosurgical intervention. To identify severely-ill patients who may benefit from neurosurgical intervention, we recommend close monitoring of the level of arousal and for the presence of new brainstem signs, in accordance with guidelines from the American Heart Association[ 5 ]. Certain radiological criteria, like fourth ventricular compression[ 13 ], hydrocephalus[ 13 , 17 , 45 ] or basal cistern compression[ 43 ] may also indicate a need for neurosurgical intervention. While American guidelines recommend surgical decompression for posterior infarcts refractory to medical therapy[ 5 ], recent European guidelines have suggested that it should only be considered not recommended, as there still remains uncertainty about whether such surgery improves outcomes.[ 46 ] This study aggregates preliminary evidence that surgical therapy may reduce mortality, but its impact on functional outcomes in generally not significant, except in severe disease. Nonetheless, high quality trials will need to be performed to validate these findings. Limitations Study heterogeneity was significant, due to limited consensus on the threshold or protocol for neurosurgical treatment and different baseline characteristics of the patients. Outcome measures were variably reported, with differing times for follow-up, differing time-points which death was reported and varying definitions of good functional outcome. Further research is required to address these gaps. There was also limited high quality data, as no large-scale randomised controlled trials were conducted on this topic. Therefore, the studies were mainly retrospective observational papers, with only one prospective study.[ 41 ] The sample sizes of the studies were also small, with the largest study involving 86 patients.[ 45 ] Conclusion For patients with malignant posterior circulation stroke, in terms of mortality and functional outcome, surgical therapy appears to be equivocal to medical therapy. For patients with severe disease, surgery could be superior to medical therapy. There is a lack of quality data and more prospective studies are rendered following this review. Abbreviations ETV Endoscopic third ventriculostomy EVD Extraventricular drainage GCS Glasgow Coma Scale GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale JBI Joanna Briggs Institute MPCI malignant posterior circulation infarcts mRS Modified Rankin Scale PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses SDC Suboccipital decompressive craniectomy Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not required. Consent for publication: Consent has been obtained from the relevant parties. Competing interests: None of the authors declare any conflicts of interest or competing interests. Funding: None Authors' contributions: Nicole-Ann Lim and Hong-Yi Lin were responsible for the search strategy, data extraction and writing of most of the manuscript. Choon Han Tan provided technical assistance with statistical analyses. Andrew FW Ho, Tseng Tsai Yeo, Vincent Nga, and Benjamin YQ Tan provided technical and clinical expertise. Mervyn JR Lim and Leonard LL Yeo supervised the general directions of the study and provided close mentorship to the team. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Ms Toh Kim Kee, a medical librarian from the National University of Singapore, for her professional advice for the search strategy. References GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators. Feigin VL, Nguyen G, Cercy K, Johnson CO, Alam T, et al. Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2018;379:2429–37. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804492 . Mehndiratta M, Pandey S, Nayak R, Alam A. Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke—Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Subtypes in a North Indian Population [Internet]. The Neurohospitalist. 2012. p. 46–50. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874412438902 . Schulz UG, Fischer U. Posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes: diagnosis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017;88:45–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-311299 . Sommer P, Posekany A, Serles W, Marko M, Scharer S, Fertl E, et al. Is Functional Outcome Different in Posterior and Anterior Circulation Stroke? Stroke [Internet]. 2018;49:2728–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021785 . Wijdicks EFM, Sheth KN, Carter BS, Greer DM, Kasner SE, Kimberly WT, et al. Recommendations for the management of cerebral and cerebellar infarction with swelling: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke [Internet]. 2014;45:1222–38. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000441965.15164.d6 . Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E, Vicaut E, George B, Algra A, et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. 2007;6:215–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70036-4 . Hofmeijer J, Kappelle LJ, Algra A, Amelink GJ, van Gijn J, van der Worp HB, et al. Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2009;8:326–33. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147444220970047X?casa_token=kmyXlfzVVpEAAAAA:NGySVLuLv 7LMc4GCiaAbehKNOIwMR8GvxX41Cjl78jCjDMd1SMmCSHcfxThGtWAbhI0VtVBbOvs. Honeybul S, Gillett GR, Ho KM, Janzen C, Kruger K. Is life worth living? Decompressive craniectomy and the disability paradox. J Neurosurg [Internet]. 2016;125:775–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.3.JNS1683 . Kürten S, Munoz C, Beseoglu K, Fischer I, Perrin J, Steiger H-J. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction including patients with additional involvement of the anterior and/or posterior cerebral artery territory-outcome analysis and definition of prognostic factors. Acta Neurochir [Internet]. 2018;160:83–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3329-3 . Lee L, Loh D, Kam King NK. Posterior Fossa Surgery for Stroke: Differences in Outcomes Between Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Infarcts. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;135:e375–81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.177 . Ayling OGS, Alotaibi NM, Wang JZ, Fatehi M, Ibrahim GM, Benavente O, et al. Suboccipital Decompressive Craniectomy for Cerebellar Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2018;110:450–9.e5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.144 . Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg [Internet]. 2021;88:105906. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906 . Tsitsopoulos PP, Tobieson L, Enblad P, Marklund N. Clinical outcome following surgical treatment for bilateral cerebellar infarction. Acta Neurol Scand [Internet]. 2011;123:345–51. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01404.x . Wells G, Shea B, O’Connell D, Robertson J, Peterson J, Welch V, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta- analysis [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 11]. Available from: http://www3.med.unipmn.it/dispense_ebm/2009-2010/Corso%20Perfezionamento%20EBM_Faggiano/NOS_oxford.pdf . Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetic R, et al. Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk [Internet]. JBI Reviewer’s Manual. 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.46658/jbirm-17-06 . Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S, Tufanaru C, Stern C, McArthur A, et al. Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth [Internet]. 2020;18:2127–33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00099 . Baldauf J, Oertel J, Gaab MR, Schroeder HWS. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction. Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2006;59:539–44; discussion 539–44. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000228681.45125.E9 . Koh MS, Goh KY, Tung MY, Chan C. Is decompressive craniectomy for acute cerebral infarction of any benefit? Surg Neurol [Internet]. 2000;53:225–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-3019(00)00163-4 . Pfefferkorn T, Eppinger U, Linn J, Birnbaum T, Herzog J, Straube A, et al. Long-term outcome after suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebellar infarction. Stroke [Internet]. 2009;40:3045–50. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550871 . Jüttler E, Schweickert S, Ringleb PA, Huttner HB, Köhrmann M, Aschoff A. Long-term outcome after surgical treatment for space-occupying cerebellar infarction: experience in 56 patients. Stroke [Internet]. 2009;40:3060–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550913 . Tsitsopoulos PP, Tobieson L, Enblad P, Marklund N. Surgical treatment of patients with unilateral cerebellar infarcts: clinical outcome and prognostic factors. Acta Neurochir [Internet]. 2011;153:2075–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-011-1120-4 . Chen HJ, Lee TC, Wei CP. Treatment of cerebellar infarction by decompressive suboccipital craniectomy. Stroke [Internet]. 1992;23:957–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.7.957 . Tartara F, Bongetta D, Colombo EV, Bortolotti C, Cenzato M, Giombelli E, et al. Strokectomy and Extensive Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for the Treatment of Space-Occupying Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2018;115:e80–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.178 . Moussa WM, Farhoud A. Ventriculosubgaleal shunt in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction [Internet]. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013. p. 105–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2012.05.007 . Kudo H, Kawaguchi T, Minami H, Kuwamura K, Miyata M, Kohmura E. Controversy of surgical treatment for severe cerebellar infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis [Internet]. 2007;16:259–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.09.001 . Krieger D, Adams HP, Rieke K, Hacke W. Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of decompressive craniotomy in space occupying cerebellar infarcts using brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol [Internet]. 1993;88:261–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-5597(93)90050-y . Suyama Y, Wakabayashi S, Aihara H, Ebiko Y, Kajikawa H, Nakahara I. Evaluation of clinical significance of decompressive suboccipital craniectomy on the prognosis of cerebellar infarction. Fujita Medical Journal [Internet]. 2019;5:21–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.20407/fmj.2018-010 . Lindeskog D, Lilja-Cyron A, Kelsen J, Juhler M. Long-term functional outcome after decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for space-occupying cerebellar infarction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg [Internet]. 2019;176:47–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.11.023 . Abdelbari Mattar M, Maher H, Zakaria K. W. The impact of emergent suboccipital craniectomy upon outcome & prognosis of massive cerebellar infarction: A single institutional study. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2021;25:101223. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751921001353 . Hernández-Durán S, Wolfert C, Rohde V, Mielke D. Cerebellar Necrosectomy Instead of Suboccipital Decompression: A Suitable Alternative for Patients with Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;144:e723–33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.067 . Goedemans T, Verbaan D, Coert BA, Kerklaan BJ, van den Berg R, Coutinho JM, et al. Neurologic Outcome After Decompressive Craniectomy: Predictors of Outcome in Different Pathologic Conditions. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2017;105:765–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.069 . Yoshimura K, Kubo S, Nagashima M, Hasegawa H, Thminaga S, Yoshimine T. Occlusive hydrocephalus associated with cerebellar infarction treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy: report of 5 cases. Minim Invasive Neurosurg [Internet]. 2007;50:270–2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-990293 . Lee HM, Kim M, Suh S-I, Kim JH, Oh K, Koh S-B, et al. Lesions on DWI and the Outcome in Hyperacute Posterior Circulation Stroke. Can J Neurol Sci [Internet]. 2014;41:187–92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100016565 . Mangubat EZ, Chan M, Ruland S, Roitberg BZ. Hydrocephalus in posterior fossa lesions: ventriculostomy and permanent shunt rates by diagnosis. Neurol Res [Internet]. 2009;31:668–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174313209X380937 . Vindigni M, Tuniz F, Ius T, Cramaro A, Skrap M. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with secondary triventricular hydrocephalus from a haemorrhage or ischaemia in the posterior cranial fossa. Minim Invasive Neurosurg [Internet]. 2010;53:106–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1251983 . Bertalanffy H, de Vries J. Management of cerebellar infarction with associated occlusive hydrocephalus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg [Internet]. 1992;94:19–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(92)90113-h . Kim MJ, Park SK, Song J, Oh S-Y, Lim YC, Sim SY, et al. Preventive suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for cerebellar infarction: A retrospective-matched case-control study. Stroke [Internet]. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health); 2016;47:2565–73. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/ 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014078 . Raco A, Caroli E, Isidori A, Salvati M. Management of acute cerebellar infarction: one institution’s experience. Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2003;53:1061–5; discussion 1065–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000088766.34559.3e . Mathew P, Teasdale G, Bannan A, Oluoch-Olunya D. Neurosurgical management of cerebellar haematoma and infarct. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 1995;59:287–92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.59.3.287 . Hornig CR, Rust DS, Busse O, Jauss M, Laun A. Space-occupying cerebellar infarction. Clinical course and prognosis. Stroke [Internet]. 1994;25:372–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.2.372 . Jauss M, Krieger D, Hornig C, Schramm J, Busse O. Surgical and medical management of patients with massive cerebellar infarctions: results of the German-Austrian Cerebellar Infarction Study. J Neurol [Internet]. 1999;246:257–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050344 . Mostofi K. Neurosurgical management of massive cerebellar infarct outcome in 53 patients. Surg Neurol Int [Internet]. 2013;4:28. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.107906 . Koh MG, Phan TG, Atkinson JL, Wijdicks EF. Neuroimaging in deteriorating patients with cerebellar infarcts and mass effect. Stroke [Internet]. 2000;31:2062–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.9.2062 . Taneda M, Ozaki K, Wakayama A, Yagi K, Kaneda H, Irino T. Cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg [Internet]. 1982;57:83–91. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1982.57.1.0083 . Taylor DR, Basma J, Jones GM, Lillard J, Wallace D, Ajmera S, et al. Predicting Surgical Intervention in Cerebellar Stroke: A Quantitative Retrospective Analysis. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;142:e160–72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.156 . van der Worp HB, Hofmeijer J, Jüttler E, Lal A, Michel P, Santalucia P, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on the management of space-occupying brain infarction. Eur Stroke J [Internet]. 2021;6:XC – CX. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873211014112 . Tables Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Management of acute cerebellar infarction: one institution's experience Raco et al., 2003 Retrospective case series Italy GOS: unspecified by author. Assumed to be GOS ≥4 19 25 Unreported Patients with cerebellar infarction treated between January 1991 and August 1998. Patients for whom the ischemic area extended to the brainstem. Neurosurgical management of cerebellar haematoma and infarct Mathew et al., 1995 Retrospective cohort study UK GOS: unspecified by author. Assumed to be GOS ≥4 16 34 Unreported Patients with cerebellar infarction treated between January 2000 and August 2008. Patients with the infarct involving the brain stem and secondary lesions due to tumor, trauma, or other major diseases Space occupying cerebellar infarction Hornig et al., 1994 Retrospective cohort study Germany mRS ≤1 36 16 Unreported Patients with space-occupying cerebellar infarction in a 10-year period. Patients with coma, severe hemiparesis, or tetraparesis from the onset of stroke due to severe brain stem infarction Surgical and medical management of patients with massive cerebellar infarctions: results of the German-Austrian Cerebellar Infarction Study. Jauss et al., 1992 Cohort study Germany mRS ≤2 48 36 Mean: 3 Patients aged between 18 and 80 years, admitted within 5 days after onset of a cerebellar infarction with mass effect Patients presenting with acute onset of coma, quadriparesis, or other indicators of underlying basilar occlusion, or prior significant neurological impairment (Rankin > 2) and unrelated terminal conditions. Neurosurgical management of massive cerebellar infarct outcome in 53 patients Mostofi, 2013 Retrospective cohort study French West Indies Unreported by author. Unable to determine 25 28 Unreported Patients who had been treated for a cerebellar infarct treated between January 2000 and December 2008. Patients with the infarct involving the brain stem and secondary lesions due to tumor, trauma, or other major diseases Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Neuroimaging in deteriorating patients with cerebellar infarcts and mass effect Koh et al., 1999 Retrospective cohort study USA mRS ≤2 9 26 Median: 16 (range: 1-105) Patients with acute cerebellar infarct admitted from 1990 to April 1999. Patients with indeterminate onset of symptoms, those who were originally admitted elsewhere for treatment and referred for rehabilitation only, patients with prior cerebellar infarcts and patients with clinical or radiological evidence of acute brain stem infarction or concurrent cerebral infarction. Cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus Taneda et al., 1982 Retrospective cohort study Japan Completely recovered 10 5 Unreported Patients with acute cerebellar infarction accompanied by obstructive hydrocephalus. Unreported Predicting Surgical Intervention in Cerebellar Stroke: A Quantitative Retrospective Analysis Taylor et al., 2020 Retrospective cohort study USA Unreported by author. Unable to determine 21 65 Unreported Patients≥18 years old with acute cerebellar ischemic stroke receiving a neurosurgical consultation from January 2011 to December 2016. Patients who did not require neurosurgical consultation, had a very small stroke (<3 cm in maximal diameter), or had hemorrhagic transformation. Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Clinical outcome following surgical treatment for bilateral cerebellar infarction. Tsitsopoulos et al., 2011 Case series Denmark mRS ≤2 10 NA Median: 57.6 (range:15-118) Patients with clinically significant bilateral cerebellar infarction who were surgically managed between December 1999 to December 2007. Unreported Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction Baldauf et al., 2006 Case series Germany Unreported by author. Unable to determine 10 NA Mean: 43 Patients with hydrocephalus caused by a space-occupying cerebellar infarction managed with ETV between 1997 and 2004. Unreported Is decompressive craniectomy for acute cerebral infarction of any benefit? Koh et al., 2000 Case series Singapore GOS ≥4 3 NA Mean: 7 (range: 3-17) Patients with ischemic stroke admitted between 1997 to 1999. Unreported Long-term outcome after suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebellar infarction. Pfefferkorn T et al, 2009 Case series Germany mRS ≤3 57 NA Unreported All patients with acute cerebellar infarction that were treated by SDC between 1995 and 2006 Unreported Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Long-term outcome after surgical treatment for space-occupying cerebellar infarction: experience in 56 patients. Jüttler et al., 2009 Case series Germany mRS ≤2 56 NA Unreported Patients in the neurological and neurosurgical intensive care units between 1996 and 2005, with space-occupying cerebellar infarction, who were treated surgically, and with symptom onset of ≥3 years before follow up. Presence of basilar artery occlusion Posterior Fossa Surgery for Stroke: Differences in Outcomes Between Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Infarcts Lee et al., 2020 Case series Germany mRS ≤3 50 NA Mean: 44.5±33.9 Patients who underwent the insertion of an external ventricular drain followed by posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy for cerebellar hemorrhage or cerebellar infarct. Patients who underwent only the insertion of an external ventricular drain to treat hydrocephalus Surgical treatment of patients with unilateral cerebellar infarcts: clinical outcome and prognostic factors. Tsitsopoulos et al., 2011 Case series Germany mRS ≤2 32 NA Unreported All patients with radiological signs of acute unilateral cerebellar infarctions who were treated surgically with EVD, suboccipital craniectomy and removal of the necrotic tissue. Conservatively treated patients, patients that received only external ventricular drainage and patients with bilateral cerebellar infarcts Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Treatment of cerebellar infarction by decompressive suboccipital craniectomy Chen et al., 1992 Case series Germany Barthel Index; unspecified by author. Assumed to be BI=100 11 NA Mean: 42.9 Unreported Unreported Ventriculosubgaleal shunt in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction Moussa et al., 2013 Case series Germany Unreported by author. Unable to determine 10 NA Mean: 6 Patients Presenting With Extensive cerebellar infarction causing obstructive hydrocephalus were included in the study. Any age and both sexes were included Unreported Strokectomy and Extensive Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for the Treatment of Space-Occupying Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke Tartara et al., 2018 Case series Germany mRS ≤2 11 NA Mean: 33.8 (range 12-58) All patients with posterior fossa ischemia admitted between March 2011 and November 2016 Unreported Controversy of surgical treatment for severe cerebellar infarction Kudo et al., 2007 Case series Germany GOS 25 NA Unreported Patients with severe cerebellar infarction (GCS<9) from January 1994 to December 2004. Unreported Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of decompressive craniotomy in space occupying cerebellar infarcts using brain-stem auditory evoked potentials Krieger et al., 1993 Case series Germany Unreported by author. Unable to determine 11 NA Unreported Comatose patients with CT signs of severe obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem compression underwent surgical decompression of the posterior fossa Unreported Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Evaluation of clinical significance of decompressive suboccipital craniectomy on the prognosis of cerebellar infarction Yoshio et al., 2019 Case series Japan mRS; unspecified by author. Assumed to be mRS≤2 14 NA Mean: 3 Patients who underwent decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for cerebellar infarction between October 2006 and June 2017. Unreported Long-term functional outcome after decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for space-occupying cerebellar infarction Lindeskoga et al., 2018 Case series Denmark mRS ≤3 22 NA Mean: 12 All patients treated with SDC for a cerebellar infarction between January 2009 and October 2015. If follow-up data one year after surgery was not available. The impact of emergent suboccipital craniectomy upon outcome & prognosis of massive cerebellar infarction: A single institutional study Mattar et al., 2021 Case series Eygpt mRS ≤2 42 NA Mean: 3 The standards for patient inclusion were (1) adult age >18 years, (2) GCS≤13, (3) obstructive hydrocephalus and/or brainstem compression. (4) anesthetically fit and only operable cases. Extremely ill, unfit patients for surgery, previous ischemic stroke, and those who are suffering from malignancy or advanced hepatic or renal diseases. Cerebellar Necrosectomy Instead of Suboccipital Decompression: A Suitable Alternative for Patients with Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction Hernández-Durán et al., 2020 Case series Germany GOS ≥4 34 NA Unreported Patients who had undergone necrosectomy for space-occupying cerebellar stroke, from January 2010 to December 2018. Unreported Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Neurologic Outcome After Decompressive Craniectomy: Predictors of Outcome in Different Pathologic Conditions Goedemans et al., 2017 Case series Amsterdam GOS ≥4 10 NA Mean: 12 Patients who underwent DC from 2006-2014. Loss to follow-up, unavailbility of long-term neurological outcome Occlusive hydrocephalus associated with cerebellar infarction treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy: report of 5 cases Yoshimura, et al., 2007 Case series USA GOS; undefined. Assumed to be GOS≥4 5 NA Mean: 3 - - Lesions on DWI and the Outcome in Hyperacute Posterior Circulation Stroke Lee et al., 2014 Case series South Korea mRS ≤2 9 NA Mean: 3 Patients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic stroke between January 1, 2008, and February 29, 2012. Unreported Hydrocephalus in posterior fossa lesions: ventriculostomy and permanent shunt rates by diagnosis Mangubat et al., 2009 Case series USA Unreported by author. Unable to determine 4 NA Unreported Patients with posterior fossa lesions such as primary intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), infarction, neoplasm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or infection. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded from this work. Table 1: General characteristics of studies Study title Authors Study design Country Definition of good functional outcome Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically Total number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically Outcome follow-up duration (months) Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with secondary triventricular hydrocephalus from a haemorrhage or ischaemia in the posterior cranial fossa Vindigni et al., 2010 Case series Italy GOS; undefined. Assumed to be GOS≥4 19 NA Mean: 6 - - Management of cerebellar infarction with associated occlusive hydrocephalus Bertalanffy et al., 1992 Case series Germany 10 NA Unreported - - Preventive suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for cerebellar infarction: a retrospective matched case control study Kim et al., 2016 Case-control South Korea mRS ≤2 84 NA Mean: 12 Patients treated with SDC between March 2007 and September 2015. Patients lost to follow-up, patients with mRS≥1 before new clinical signs due to cerebellar infarction. BI, Barthel index; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GOS, Glasgow Outcome scale; mRS, modified rankin scale; Table 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically Author & year Raco et al, 2003 Mathew et al, 1995 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only Number, n (%) 8 (18%) 4 (9.1%) 0 5 (11%) Treatment limiting decision: 2 (4.5%) 25 (57%) 7 (14%) 2 (4%) 0 0 Treatment limiting decision: 3 (6%) Management change: 4 (8%) 34 (68%) Comorbidities Recent cardiac infarction: 6 Atrial flutter: 2 Endocarditis with vegetations: 2 Patent foramen ovale: 1 Unreported Radiological findings Presence of hydrocephalus Presence of hydrocephalus 8 0 0 5 0 0 Total: 19 Presence of brainstem compression Presence of brainstem compression Unreported Total: 26 Male, n (%) 24 (55%) Unreported Age in years ± SD (range) Median: 56 (9-83) Mean: 57 (26-85) GCS on admission GCS 3: 2 GCS 6: 2 GCS 9-12: 15 GCS 13: 15 GCS 14: 7 GCS 15: 3 Median: 14 (4-15) Good functional outcome, n (%) 8 (18%) 1 (2.3%) - 4 (9.1%) 0 24 (55%) 6 (12%) 1 (2%) - - Management change: 2 (4%) 34 (68%) Death, n (%) 0 2 (4.5%) - 1 (2.3%) Treatment limiting decision: 2 (4.5%) 1 (2.3%) 1 (2%) 1 (2%) - - Treatment limiting decision: 3 (6%) Management change: 2 (4%) 0 Table 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically Author & year Hornig et al, 1994 Jauss et al, 1992 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only Number, n (%) 2 (3.8%) 0 8 (15%) 4 (7.7%) SDC+EVD+ necrosectomy: 22 (42%) 16 (31%) 14 (17%) 30 (36%) 0 4 (4.8%) 0 36 (43%) Comorbidities Arterial hypertension: 33 Diabetes: 21 Hypercholesterolemia: 5 Unilateral / bilateral vertebral artery stenosis: 10 Unilateral / bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: 2 Nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation: 14 Myocardial infarction: 3 Unreported Radiological findings Presence of hydrocephalus Presence of hydrocephalus Total: 42 Unreported Presence of brainstem compression Presence of brainstem compression Total: 39 Unreported Age in years ± SD (range) Mean: 61.2±10.1 Mean: 54.5±17.3 Mean: 57.4±12 - - - Mean: 61.2±10.3 GCS on admission unreported unreported Good functional outcome, n (%) 18 (35%) 11 (21%) 10 (12%) 22 (26%) - - - 30 (36%) Death, n (%) 6 (12%) 2 (3.8%) unreported Author & year Mostofi, 2013 Koh et al, 1999 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only Number, n (%) 6 (11%) 16 (30%) 0 3 (5.7%) 0 28 (53%) 6 (17%) 2 (5.7%) 0 1 (2.9%) 0 26 (74%) (2 patients with treatment limiting decision) Comorbidities Unreported Large artery disease: 13 Cardioembolism: 12 Radiological findings Presence of hydrocephalus Presence of hydrocephalus Unreported Total amongst surgical group: 9 6 Presence of brainstem compression Presence of brainstem compression Unreported Total amongst surgical group: 7 2 Male, n (%) 32 (60%) Unreported Age in years ± SD (range) Mean: 58.7 (SD unreported) Unreported GCS on admission Mean: 9.5 Mean: 9.43 - Mean: 6 - Mean: 11.6 Unreported Good functional outcome, n (%) unreported 2 (5.7%) 0 - 0 - 14 (40%) Death, n (%) 2 (3.8%) 4 (7.5%) 0 1 (2.9%) Table 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically Author & year Taneda et al, 1982 Taylor et al, 2020 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Medical only Number, n (%) 0 10 (67%) 0 0 0 5 (20%) 2 (2.3%) 0 12 (14%) 9 (10%) 0 65 (76%) Comorbidities Unreported Obese, BMI ≥ 30: 37 Hypertension: 63 Diabetes: 37 Coronary artery disease: 21 Congestive heart failure: 16 Prior cerebrovascular accident: 16 Chronic kidney disease: 8 Alcohol abuse: 22 Tobacco abuse: 23 Hyperlipidemia: 35 Radiological findings Presence of hydrocephalus Presence of hydrocephalus Total: 15 Total amongst surgical group: 11 5 Presence of brainstem compression Presence of brainstem compression Unreported Total amongst surgical group: 10 8 Male, n (%) - 9 (60%) - - - 4 (27%) 12 (14%) 41 (48%) Age in years ± SD (range) - Mean: 55.1 (40-66) - - - Mean: 67.6 (41-80) Median: 58.5 IQR: 52-65 GCS on admission - unreported - - - unreported Median: 14 (IQR: 10-15) Median: 15 (IQR: 10-15) Good functional outcome, n (%) - 7 (47%) - - - 0 - - - - - - Death, n (%) - 1 (6.7%) - - - 5 (20%) 4 (4.7%) 16 (19%) ETV, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SDC, suboccipital decompressive craniotomy Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Tsitsopoulos et al, 2010 Baldauf et al, 2006 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 0 0 10 (100%) 0 0 0 0 0 ETV: 7 (70%) ETV + EVD: 2 (20%) ETV + SDC: 1 (10%) Male, n (%) - - - 8 (80%) - - - - - 6 (60%) Age in years ± SD (range) - - - Mean: 54.9±13 - - - - - Mean: 61.8 (SD unreported) GCS on admission - - - Mean: 12.3±3.1 - - - - - Mean: 11.2 (SD unreported) Good functional outcome, n (%) - - - 6 (60%) - - - - - unreported Death, n (%) - - - 1 (10%) - - - - - 0 Author & year Koh et al, 2000 Pfefferkorn et al, 2009 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 3 (100%) 0 0 0 47 (82%) 57 (100%) 0 0 Infarct evacuation: 32/57 (56%) Male, n (%) - 1 (33%) - - - - 34 - - - Age in years ± SD (range) - Mean: 53.6 (SD unreported) - - - - Mean: 59.2±12.9 - - - GCS on admission - Mean: 12.3 (SD unreported) - - - - unreported - - - Good functional outcome, n (%) - 2 (66%) - - - - 27 (47%) - - - Death, n (%) - 1 (33%) - - - - 16 (28%) - - - Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Jüttler et al, 2009 Lee et al, 2020 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 9 (16%) - 8 (14%) 39 (70%) 0 0 0 0 50 (100%) 0 Male, n (%) 37 (66%) - - - 38 (76%) - Age in years ± SD (range) Median: 60 (30-76) - - - Mean: 57.3±12 - GCS on admission Median: 14.5 (3-15) - - - unreported - Good functional outcome, n (%) 4 (7.1%) - 4 (7.1%) 12 (21%) - - - - 30 (60%) - Death, n (%) 2 (3.6%) - 1 (1.8%) 9 (16%) - - - - 21 (42%) - Author & year Tsitsopoulos et al, 2011 Chen et al, 1992 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 0 0 32 (100%) 0 0 0 0 2 (18%) SDC+EVD+ necrosectomy: 9 (82%) Male, n (%) - - - 24 (75%) - - - - 7 (64%) Age in years ± SD (range) - - - 64.3±9.9 - - - - Mean: 54 (36-73) GCS on admission - - - Median: 12.2 (7-15) - - - - Mean: 12.9 Good functional outcome, n (%) - - - 19 (59%) - - - - 2 (18%) Death, n (%) - - - 10 (31%) - - - - 0 Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Moussa et al, 2013 Tartara et al, 2018 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 5 (50%) 0 5 (50%) 0 0 2 (18%) 0 9 (82%) 0 Male, n (%) 7 (70%) 6 (55%) Age in years ± SD (range) 15≤ Age<30 years: 6 30≤Age<45 years: 3 Age≥45 years: 1 Mean: 64.7±9.1 GCS on admission GCS 3-9 n=5 GCS 10-12 n=3 GCS 13-15 n=2 Mean: 13.6±1.1 Good functional outcome, n (%) Unreported - 2 (18%) - 7 (64%) - Death, n (%) - 2 (20%) - 0 - - 0 - 1 (9.1%) - Author & year Kudo et al, 2007 Krieger et al, 1993 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 3 (12%) 2 (8%) 0 3 (12%) EVD+ necrosectomy: 14 (56%) Necrosectomy only: 3 (12%) 0 0 0 11 (100%) 0 Male, n (%) 21 (84%) - - - 8 (73%) - Age in years ± SD (range) Mean age Group A: 72±6 Group B: 61±15 - - - Mean: 52 (30-69) - GCS on admission Unreported - - - Unreported - Good functional outcome, n (%) 11 (44%) - - - Unreported - Death, n (%) 3 (12%) - - - 4 (36%) - Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Suyama et al, 2019 Lindeskog et al, 2018 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 5 (36%) 0 9 (64%) 0 0 0 0 22 (100%) 0 Male, n (%) 12(86%) - - - 16 (73%) - Age in years ± SD (range) Mean: 65±12 - - - Median: 53 (IQR: 45-62) - GCS on admission Unreported - - - Median: 8 (IQR: 5-10) - Good functional outcome, n (%) 10 (71%) - - - 12 (55%) - Death, n (%) 2 (14%) - - - 7 (32%) - Author & year Mattar et al, 2021 Hernández-Durán, 2020 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 42 (100%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Necrosectomy only: 34(100%) Male, n (%) - 36 (86%) - - - - - - - 18 (53%) Age in years ± SD (range) - Mean: 66±13 - - - - - - - Median: 70 (28-84) GCS on admission - unreported - - - - - - - Median: 11 (3-15) Good functional outcome, n (%) - 25 (60%) - - - - - - - 26 (76%) Death, n (%) - 6 (14%) - - - - - - - 7 (21%) Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Goedemans et al, 2017 Yoshimura et al, 2007 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 10 (100%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ETV: 5 (100%) Male, n (%) unreported - - - - 3 (60%) Age in years ± SD (range) unreported - - - - Mean: 71.8 (47-92) GCS on admission unreported - - - - Mean: 12.8 (8-15) Good functional outcome, n (%) - - 5 (50%) - - - - - - 3 (60%) Death, n (%) - - unreported - - - - - - 1 (20%) Author & year Lee et al, 2014 Mangubat et al, 2009 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 9 (100%) 0 0 0 4 (100%) 0 0 0 0 Male, n (%) - Unreported - - - Unreported - - - - Age in years ± SD (range) - Unreported - - - Unreported - - - - GCS on admission - Unreported - - - Unreported - - - - Good functional outcome, n (%) - 2 (22%) - - - Unreported - - - - Death, n (%) - Unreported - - - 4 (100%) - - - - Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Vindigni et al, 2010 Bertalanffy et al, 1992 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 12 (63%) 0 0 0 ETV: 7 (37%) 6 (60%) 0 0 0 Ventriculo-arterial shunt: 3 (30%) Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%) Male, n (%) Unretrievable 2 (20%) - - - Ventriculo-arterial shunt: 1 (10%) Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%) Age in years ± SD (range) Mean: 62.3 (52-73) - - - Mean: 50.4 (23-67) Mean: 61.8 (SD unreported) GCS on admission Unreported Unreported Good functional outcome, n (%) 6 (32%) - - - 3 (16%) Unreported Death, n (%) 1 (5.3%) - - - 1 (5.3%) 1 (10%) - - - Ventriculo-arterial shunt: 1 (10%) Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%) Table 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only Author & year Kim et al, 2016 Treatment groups EVD only SDC only SDC with necrosectomy only SDC and EVD Others Number, n (%) 0 84 (100%) 0 0 0 Male, n (%) 0 52 (62%) - - - Age in years ± SD (range) - Mean age Preventive SDC group: 59.0±11.6 Non-preventive SDC group: 59.4±10.9 - - - GCS on admission - Mean GCS Preventive SDC group: 12.1±4.1 Non-preventive SDC group: 12.0±3.8 - - - Good functional outcome, n (%) - 45 (54%) - - - Death, n (%) - 6 (7.1%) - - - ETV, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SDC, suboccipital decompressive craniotomy Table 4: Summary of characteristics of all patients who underwent neurosurgery. Study Number of patients Number of deaths Mean Age (years) Mean pre-operative GCS Proportion of good functional outcome (%) Proportion of patients with hypertension (%) Proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (%) Proportion of patients with dyslipidemia (%) Proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation (%) Proportion of patients with heart disease* (%) Proportion of patients with previous stroke (%) Proportion of patients with bilateral stroke (%) Proportion of patients with hydrocephalus (%) Baldauf et al., 2006 10 0 61.8 11.2 NA 50 NA NA 70 NA NA NA 100 Bertalanffy et al., 1992 10 3 61.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100 Chen et al., 1992 11 0 54 6.27 2 27.3 NA NA NA NA NA 27.3 NA Goedemans et al., 2017 10 NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Hernández-Durán et al., 2020 34 7 70 7.5 26 NA NA NA NA NA NA 26.5 55.9 Hornig et al., 1994 36 6 NA NA 18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Jauss et al., 1992 48 NA 56.55 NA 32 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Jüttler et al., 2009 56 14 60 13 20 NA NA NA NA NA NA 14.3 NA Kim et al., 2016 84 6 59.27 NA 45 40.5 34.5 25 41.7 3.57 13.1 42.9 NA Koh et al., 1999 9 0 NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100 Koh et al., 2000 3 1 53.57 4 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA Krieger et al., 1993 11 4 52 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Kudo et al., 2007 25 3 63 6.4 11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Lee et al., 2014 9 NA NA NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Lee 2020 50 21 57.3 NA 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA 48 NA Lindeskoga et al., 2018 22 7 53 8 12 18.2 4.55 13.6 9.09 4.55 NA 27.3 NA Mangubat et al., 2009 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mathew et al., 1995 16 7 NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mattar et al., 2021 42 6 66 NA 25 NA NA NA NA NA NA 21.4 73.8 Mostofi 2013 25 2 59.67 5.33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Table 4: Summary of characteristics of all patients who underwent neurosurgery. Moussa et al., 2013 10 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Pfefferkorn et al., 2009 57 16 59.2 NA 27 80 32 30 NA NA NA 37 NA Raco et al., 2003 19 5 NA NA 13 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Suyama et al., 2019 14 2 65 NA 10 35.7 7.14 NA 14.3 14.3 21.4 57.1 85.7 Taneda et al., 1982 10 1 55.1 NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA Tartara et al., 2018 11 1 64.7 9.27 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA 18.2 NA Taylor et al., 2020 21 4 55 10 NA 71.4 52.4 47.6 NA 28.6 28.6 33.3 52.4 Tsitsopoulos et al., 2010 10 1 54.9 8.9 6 20 10 10 20 10 NA 50 70 Tsitsopoulos et al., 2011 32 10 64.3 9 19 46.9 18.8 NA 18.8 15.6 NA 25 90.6 Vindigni et al., 2010 19 2 50.4 NA 9 31.6 NA NA 36.8 NA NA 0 NA Yoshimura et al., 2007 5 1 71.8 9.8 3 NA NA NA 20 NA NA 20 NA NA, Not applicable as data was unreported by study. *Heart disease included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, coronary disease Supplementary Files SupplementaryTables.docx Supplementary Table 1: Search Strategy Supplementary Table 2a: The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for risk of bias assessment of Cohort studies. Supplementary Table 2b: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-series. Supplementary Table 2c: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-control studies. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2026237","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":141145766,"identity":"6f828ac1-753a-491a-9b8d-383cc9d7b594","order_by":0,"name":"Nicole-Ann Lim","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8097-6262","institution":"National University of Singapore Faculty of Medicine: National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nicole-Ann","middleName":"","lastName":"Lim","suffix":""},{"id":141145767,"identity":"b2d0659f-e033-4c6d-8385-36aa59fef705","order_by":1,"name":"Hong-Yi Lin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National University of Singapore Faculty of Medicine: National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hong-Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""},{"id":141145768,"identity":"b7396e50-a840-46e8-9b33-e4983768df95","order_by":2,"name":"Choon Han Tan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"LKCMedicine: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Choon","middleName":"Han","lastName":"Tan","suffix":""},{"id":141145769,"identity":"16006258-cfac-4216-bccb-55fa27a63f5b","order_by":3,"name":"Andrew FW Ho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Duke-NUS: Duke-NUS Medical School","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andrew","middleName":"FW","lastName":"Ho","suffix":""},{"id":141145770,"identity":"8582f536-e1f6-4967-b887-5829fd53ff08","order_by":4,"name":"Tseng Tsai Yeo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NUHS: National University Health System","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tseng","middleName":"Tsai","lastName":"Yeo","suffix":""},{"id":141145771,"identity":"66fc9bbd-a8e5-4705-a331-70c38a59c262","order_by":5,"name":"Vincent Nga","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NUH: National University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vincent","middleName":"","lastName":"Nga","suffix":""},{"id":141145772,"identity":"bf7295c6-ee80-4e72-bdc0-ac405a037403","order_by":6,"name":"Benjamin YQ Tan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NUH: National University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benjamin","middleName":"YQ","lastName":"Tan","suffix":""},{"id":141145773,"identity":"15f17fdb-03d5-418f-a638-0a976f463a4f","order_by":7,"name":"Mervyn JR Lim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCx4G9gYYJ4EoLRI8DDwHSNQCRHCVBLTotvc+k+bdISGjO/ONAXNhWx0DP3uOAV4tZmeOm0nznpHgMbudY8A8s+0wg2TPGwJabqQxG/O2QbXwth1gMLhByJb7z6Babp4BaaljsCeo5QYb42Owlhs8IC3MDAYSBP2SxvhwLkjLmbSCwzznDvNInHlWgF/L8WMMB9622dibHT+88TFPWZ0cf3vyBrxaQICJB8o4AMQ8eBQiAOMPopSNglEwCkbBiAUADsM9w06hHrIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-9531","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mervyn","middleName":"","lastName":"JR","suffix":"JR"},{"id":141145774,"identity":"717f9285-e8ea-4ad0-aac2-ac92390fafcc","order_by":8,"name":"Leonard LL Yeo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NUH: National University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leonard","middleName":"LL","lastName":"Yeo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-09-02 15:20:42","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":27329072,"identity":"5e86b0a8-e131-487c-8325-585a36f68c2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-04 15:24:23","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44856,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow diagram of included studies\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2026237/v1/380a301397939123d9c95100.png"},{"id":36613995,"identity":"e3c1b3df-b80f-4e15-82e0-e11682314684","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-05-04 12:44:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2213994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2026237/v1/65ee73de-2117-4c22-8825-b91633fa8151.pdf"},{"id":27329073,"identity":"3300742c-f536-41c3-9660-b8958daafcd5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-04 15:24:23","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":30355,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Table 1: Search Strategy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Table 2a: The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for risk of bias assessment of Cohort studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Table 2b: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-series.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementary Table 2c: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-control studies.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2026237/v1/8b8013c37cf02159ab272bd9.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Functional and mortality outcomes with medical and surgical therapy in malignant posterior circulation infarcts: A systematic review","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eStroke has become increasingly prevalent, with the mean global lifetime risk of stroke increasing from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] Ischemic strokes account for approximately 80% of all strokes, 20% of which are posterior circulation strokes that involve the vertebral arteries, basilar artery, posterior cerebral arteries and their branches.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior circulation strokes tend to have worse prognosis than their anterior circulation counterparts, and this is partly due to the important structures located there and partly due to difficulty in diagnosis that results in longer onset-to-door time.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] The presentation is oftentimes non-specific with dizziness, vertigo and vomiting as the only symptoms.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] In addition, as compared to the anterior cranial fossa, the smaller confines of the posterior fossa rapidly leads to mass effect, brainstem compression and increased mortality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn extensive posterior circulation infarcts, mass effect with brainstem and fourth ventricle compression, hydrocephalus and brainstem herniation can occur.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e] Medical management for this includes osmotic therapy and other ancillary measures like elevating the head of the bed, hypothermia, barbiturates and corticosteroids.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] However these are typically temporising measures until resolution of the mass effect occurs or definitive decompressive surgical treatment.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] Neurosurgical therapy for MPCI includes: extraventricular drainage (EVD), suboccipital decompressive craniectomy (SDC), SDC with necrosectomy, and SDC with EVD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is evidence for early decompressive surgery in anterior circulation malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], however evidence in MPCI is limited and warrants further review. While the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association guidelines recommend craniectomy in those with MPCI that are refractory to medical therapy[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], the evidence for this is sparse[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], as there are no randomised controlled trials on posterior circulation strokes and existing meta-analysis on this topic does not include the latest published data.[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]Similarly, there is a need to evaluate which type of neurosurgical intervention, if any, leads to better outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper aims to provide a narrative review of the surgical interventions against medical therapy for the treatment of MPCI, and to investigate the optimal type and timing of neurosurgical interventions for MPCI.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe conduct and reporting of this study adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] The study protocol has been published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021247737).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSearch strategy\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception till 2nd April 2021, using a search strategy designed in conjunction with a medical information specialist (Medical Library, National University of Singapore). The MEDLINE search used keywords synonymous with \u0026ldquo;ischemic stroke\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cerebellar infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;posterior cerebral infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;vertebral infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;basilar infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;occipital infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cerebral infarction\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;craniotomy\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;craniectomy\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;surgical decompression\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;ventriculostomy\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;ventriculoperitoneal shunt\u0026rdquo;. The detailed search strategy is available in Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;1. References of included studies and the grey literature sources, like Google Scholar, were also hand-searched.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies were included if they involved patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the posterior circulation, who later underwent neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention was defined as any combination of ventriculostomy, cerebral shunting, ventricular drains, craniotomy or craniectomy, with or without necrosectomy. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series with sufficient death and functional outcome outcome data were included.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following study designs were excluded: non-English studies without an accompanying English translation, conference abstracts, review articles, pre-clinical studies, studies involving paediatric populations, studies involving participants who only suffered from hemorrhagic stroke, and studies where the indication for neurosurgery was only after medical therapy had failed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudy selection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScreening was conducted through Covidence (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia), an online systematic review tool recommended by Cochrane. The studies were reviewed independently by two authors (N.A. Lim and H.Y. Lin) through two rounds of screening using their title/abstracts and full texts. Disagreements were resolved through consensus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData extraction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following information was independently extracted from each article: authorship, year of publication, journal, country, hospital, study design, study period, and aims. The following patients\u0026rsquo; demographical data were extracted: number of participants, sex, age. Data on the following comorbidities were extracted: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cardiac data (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, coronary disease). Pre-intervention parameters were collected, namely bilateral stroke, hydrocephalus, time from symptom onset to neurosurgical intervention, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission and pre-operatively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePost-intervention findings such as the following were also collected: GCS, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), mRS and number of deaths. Death was defined as 1 and 6 on the GOS and mRS respectively, or extracted from the text. Deaths at all reported time points were included, which ranged from time of discharge to 57.6 months.[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] Good functional outcome was defined as mRS 0\u0026ndash;2, GOS 4\u0026ndash;5, Barthel Index 91\u0026ndash;100 or extracted from text \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e).\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRisk of bias assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRisk of bias of the studies were independently assessed by two authors (N.A. Lim and H.Y. Lin) using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical case-control study[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] for observational studies, case-control studies and case series respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReporting bias assessment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe relevant authors were contacted if there was missing data that was essential for our analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur search yielded 6,673 studies, after deduplication. Following the title/abstract and full-text screen, 31 articles[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] were included for analysis. (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main characteristics of the studies are summarised in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Of the 31 studies included, 8 studies were observational studies that compared neurosurgery and medical therapy. 419 patients were included in these 8 studies. Amongst these patients, 184 of them were treated with neurosurgery and 235 were treated with medical therapy. 20 neurosurgical patients died. 29 of the medically managed patients died. Further information containing the biodata, GCS on admission, and outcome measures of the patients in the dual-arm and single-arm studies are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e respectively. Information about the age, pre-operative GCS, comorbidities, and outcome measures of all patients who underwent neurosurgery in all the studies are summarised in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMedical versus surgical treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChoice of surgical treatment vs medical treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenerally speaking, most patients receiving exclusively conservative, or medical, treatment tended to be younger[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] or have better Glasgow Coma Scale levels[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e] than those patients for surgical intervention. However, patients presenting initially in deep comas tended to be the exception to this rule, with some institutions[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] opting for conservative treatment given these patients\u0026rsquo; poor prognosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe treatment algorithms guiding the timing and choice of surgical treatment differed between institutions, and was often left up to the discretion of individual physicians[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. For the majority of institutions[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] the decision for surgical intervention was made based on decline in neurological examination, in conjunction with radiological criteria, like fourth ventricular compression[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] or hydrocephalus[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eJauss et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e] found that surgery was universally performed amongst comatose patients, whereas treatment regimens were more diverse amongst patients with somnolence or stupor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome studies then investigated whether these clinical features used in decision making were significant predictors for surgery. \u003cem\u003eTaylor et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] also found that clinical features of documented brainstem compression and hydrocephalus were significant predictors. This was concordant with the findings of \u003cem\u003eKoh et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e], who also noted an association with basal cistern compression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eComparing functional outcomes between medical and surgical treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies largely agreed[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] that there was no significant difference in admission or discharge neurologic examination or functional status between survivors of patients going through either neurosurgical or conservative management. One study by \u003cem\u003eHornig et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e], found that there was only a difference in functional outcome in the group of patients who were stuporous, comatose or have cardiorespiratory compromise, and surgery for this group of patients provided better functional outcomes compared to those who did not undergo surgery. This distinction between severe and limited disease was echoed by a small study by \u003cem\u003eMostofi et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e], which found that patients with massive ischemic cerebellar infarct, defined as ischemic volume above 5 cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and/or when there was hydrocephalus or brain stem compression, showed improvements in GCS when operated (GCS at zero and four weeks for operated patients: 9.4 to 12.68) versus a decline when not operated (GCS at zero and four weeks for non-operated patients: 11.36 to 10.92).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was contradicted by a small case series of 15 patients by \u003cem\u003eTaneda et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e], where 9 of 10 surgically operated patients survived, with the last patient dying of a perforated duodenal ulcer unrelated to the neurological insult. In that series, all 5 of the conservatively treated patients died.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eComparing mortality rates between medical and surgical treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith neurosurgical intervention for patients with large infarcts[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e] with neurologic deterioration[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] or mass effect[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e], mortality rates dropped from 66%[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e] to approximately 20%[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. However, as noted by \u003cem\u003eJauss et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e], for patients who were awake or drowsy and somnolent or stupor in consciousness, there was no significant difference after 3 months in outcomes between craniotomies, ventricular drainage and medical treatment. Similar findings were reported by \u003cem\u003eHornig et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e] in patients with early or intermediate clinical stages as well.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSurgical Treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTiming of surgical treatment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile most authors opted for surgical deterioration after clinical[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] or radiological deterioration[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e], \u003cem\u003eKim et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] opted for preventative craniectomies in patients with large infarcts, which was defined as cerebellar infarction volume ratio between 0.25 and 0.33 on initial or routine follow-up radiographic findings. This was to account for patients who appeared clinically stable during the initial 72 hours, but would have a higher risk of delayed edema and deterioration later on. In this retrospective-matched case control study involving 28 patients[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], preventative suboccipital decompressive craniectomy was found to have significantly better outcomes at discharge and at 12-months, and fewer deaths at 12 months.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMattar et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] also found that a short time from onset of symptoms to surgery was significantly associated with better functional outcomes at 3 months. However, these findings were not adjusted for other variables like premorbid function, and this was a retrospective study without controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, in a retrospective study of 57 and 23 patients respectively, \u003cem\u003ePfefferkorn et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] and \u003cem\u003eLindeskog et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] found that there was no significant association between time interval to surgery and outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, until there are prospective controlled studies on this topic, there remains little evidence for early or preventative craniectomies in the absence of clinical or radiological signs of deterioration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChoice of surgical intervention\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies that were included used various combinations of EVD, SDC, SDC with necrosectomy, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), ventriculo-arterial shunt, and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Authors[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] often opted for a pathophysiology-directed approach and opted for external ventricular drainage in patients with hydrocephalus. In one institution[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] with neuroendoscopic experience, endoscopic third ventriculostomy was sometimes used instead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuttler et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] found that there was no significant difference in long term survival and survival time in those who died between patients who were treated by SDC only, EVD only and SDC with EVD. Evidence for which treatment provided better functional outcomes was mixed, with patients treated by SDC with EVD showing better outcomes at discharge as compared to those treated by EVD alone, but long-term outcomes favouring SDC as compared to EVD alone.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen compared with pooled results from a meta-analysis[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] on SDC in cerebellar infarcts, \u003cem\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Dur\u0026aacute;n et al.\u003c/em\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] found that there was no significant difference in outcomes or deaths between patients undergoing necrosectomy via osteoplastic craniotomy and patients undergoing SDC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is currently limited evidence for which type of neurosurgical intervention results in better outcomes. Further research should be done on this topic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAssessment of publication bias\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe risk of bias assessments were also assessed and summarized. Of the eight cohort studies, four were found to have poor overall quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The remaining 24 case series and one case-control study were rated according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist (Supplementary Tables\u0026nbsp;2a \u0026ndash; 2c\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eSurgical therapy for malignant posterior circulation infarcts appears to have limited impact on functional outcomes and reducing mortality, except in patients with severe disease. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare neurosurgical and medical interventions for posterior circulation strokes. It also provides the most updated perspective on neurosurgical outcomes for MPCI.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost authors advocate for neurosurgical intervention with the onset of symptoms, as opposed to preventative or early neurosurgical intervention. To identify severely-ill patients who may benefit from neurosurgical intervention, we recommend close monitoring of the level of arousal and for the presence of new brainstem signs, in accordance with guidelines from the American Heart Association[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Certain radiological criteria, like fourth ventricular compression[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], hydrocephalus[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] or basal cistern compression[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e] may also indicate a need for neurosurgical intervention.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile American guidelines recommend surgical decompression for posterior infarcts refractory to medical therapy[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], recent European guidelines have suggested that it should only be considered not recommended, as there still remains uncertainty about whether such surgery improves outcomes.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e] This study aggregates preliminary evidence that surgical therapy may reduce mortality, but its impact on functional outcomes in generally not significant, except in severe disease. Nonetheless, high quality trials will need to be performed to validate these findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy heterogeneity was significant, due to limited consensus on the threshold or protocol for neurosurgical treatment and different baseline characteristics of the patients. Outcome measures were variably reported, with differing times for follow-up, differing time-points which death was reported and varying definitions of good functional outcome. Further research is required to address these gaps.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was also limited high quality data, as no large-scale randomised controlled trials were conducted on this topic. Therefore, the studies were mainly retrospective observational papers, with only one prospective study.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e] The sample sizes of the studies were also small, with the largest study involving 86 patients.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eFor patients with malignant posterior circulation stroke, in terms of mortality and functional outcome, surgical therapy appears to be equivocal to medical therapy. For patients with severe disease, surgery could be superior to medical therapy. There is a lack of quality data and more prospective studies are rendered following this review.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eETV\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndoscopic third ventriculostomy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEVD\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraventricular drainage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGCS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlasgow Coma Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGOS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlasgow Outcome Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eJBI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJoanna Briggs Institute\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eMPCI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emalignant posterior circulation infarcts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003emRS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Rankin Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePRISMA\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSDC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuboccipital decompressive craniectomy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate: Not required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication: Consent has been obtained from the relevant parties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests: None of the authors declare any conflicts of interest or competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding: None\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions: Nicole-Ann Lim and Hong-Yi Lin were responsible for the search strategy, data extraction and writing of most of the manuscript. Choon Han Tan provided technical assistance with statistical analyses. Andrew FW Ho, Tseng Tsai Yeo, Vincent Nga, and Benjamin YQ Tan provided technical and clinical expertise. Mervyn JR Lim and Leonard LL Yeo supervised the general directions of the study and provided close mentorship to the team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements: We would like to thank Ms Toh Kim Kee, a medical librarian from the National University of Singapore, for her professional advice for the search strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators. Feigin VL, Nguyen G, Cercy K, Johnson CO, Alam T, et al. Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2018;379:2429\u0026ndash;37. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804492\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1056/NEJMoa1804492\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMehndiratta M, Pandey S, Nayak R, Alam A. Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke\u0026mdash;Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Subtypes in a North Indian Population [Internet]. The Neurohospitalist. 2012. p.\u0026nbsp;46\u0026ndash;50. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874412438902\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/1941874412438902\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchulz UG, Fischer U. Posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes: diagnosis and management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017;88:45\u0026ndash;53. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-311299\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1136/jnnp-2015-311299\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSommer P, Posekany A, Serles W, Marko M, Scharer S, Fertl E, et al. Is Functional Outcome Different in Posterior and Anterior Circulation Stroke? Stroke [Internet]. 2018;49:2728\u0026ndash;32. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021785\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021785\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWijdicks EFM, Sheth KN, Carter BS, Greer DM, Kasner SE, Kimberly WT, et al. Recommendations for the management of cerebral and cerebellar infarction with swelling: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke [Internet]. 2014;45:1222\u0026ndash;38. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000441965.15164.d6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/01.str.0000441965.15164.d6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E, Vicaut E, George B, Algra A, et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. 2007;6:215\u0026ndash;22. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70036-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70036-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHofmeijer J, Kappelle LJ, Algra A, Amelink GJ, van Gijn J, van der Worp HB, et al. Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol [Internet]. Elsevier; 2009;8:326\u0026ndash;33. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147444220970047X?casa_token=kmyXlfzVVpEAAAAA:NGySVLuLv\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147444220970047X?casa_token=kmyXlfzVVpEAAAAA:NGySVLuLv\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e7LMc4GCiaAbehKNOIwMR8GvxX41Cjl78jCjDMd1SMmCSHcfxThGtWAbhI0VtVBbOvs.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHoneybul S, Gillett GR, Ho KM, Janzen C, Kruger K. Is life worth living? Decompressive craniectomy and the disability paradox. J Neurosurg [Internet]. 2016;125:775\u0026ndash;8. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.3.JNS1683\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3171/2016.3.JNS1683\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eK\u0026uuml;rten S, Munoz C, Beseoglu K, Fischer I, Perrin J, Steiger H-J. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction including patients with additional involvement of the anterior and/or posterior cerebral artery territory-outcome analysis and definition of prognostic factors. Acta Neurochir [Internet]. 2018;160:83\u0026ndash;9. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3329-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00701-017-3329-3\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLee L, Loh D, Kam King NK. Posterior Fossa Surgery for Stroke: Differences in Outcomes Between Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Infarcts. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;135:e375\u0026ndash;81. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.177\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.177\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAyling OGS, Alotaibi NM, Wang JZ, Fatehi M, Ibrahim GM, Benavente O, et al. Suboccipital Decompressive Craniectomy for Cerebellar Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2018;110:450\u0026ndash;9.e5. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.144\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.144\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePage MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg [Internet]. 2021;88:105906. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTsitsopoulos PP, Tobieson L, Enblad P, Marklund N. Clinical outcome following surgical treatment for bilateral cerebellar infarction. Acta Neurol Scand [Internet]. 2011;123:345\u0026ndash;51. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01404.x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01404.x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWells G, Shea B, O\u0026rsquo;Connell D, Robertson J, Peterson J, Welch V, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta- analysis [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 11]. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www3.med.unipmn.it/dispense_ebm/2009-2010/Corso%20Perfezionamento%20EBM_Faggiano/NOS_oxford.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www3.med.unipmn.it/dispense_ebm/2009-2010/Corso%20Perfezionamento%20EBM_Faggiano/NOS_oxford.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetic R, et al. Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk [Internet]. JBI Reviewer\u0026rsquo;s Manual. 2019. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.46658/jbirm-17-06\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.46658/jbirm-17-06\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMunn Z, Barker TH, Moola S, Tufanaru C, Stern C, McArthur A, et al. Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth [Internet]. 2020;18:2127\u0026ndash;33. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00099\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00099\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaldauf J, Oertel J, Gaab MR, Schroeder HWS. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction. Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2006;59:539\u0026ndash;44; discussion 539\u0026ndash;44. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000228681.45125.E9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1227/01.NEU.0000228681.45125.E9\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKoh MS, Goh KY, Tung MY, Chan C. Is decompressive craniectomy for acute cerebral infarction of any benefit? Surg Neurol [Internet]. 2000;53:225\u0026ndash;30. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-3019(00)00163-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s0090-3019(00)00163-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePfefferkorn T, Eppinger U, Linn J, Birnbaum T, Herzog J, Straube A, et al. Long-term outcome after suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebellar infarction. Stroke [Internet]. 2009;40:3045\u0026ndash;50. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550871\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550871\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJ\u0026uuml;ttler E, Schweickert S, Ringleb PA, Huttner HB, K\u0026ouml;hrmann M, Aschoff A. Long-term outcome after surgical treatment for space-occupying cerebellar infarction: experience in 56 patients. Stroke [Internet]. 2009;40:3060\u0026ndash;6. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550913\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.550913\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTsitsopoulos PP, Tobieson L, Enblad P, Marklund N. Surgical treatment of patients with unilateral cerebellar infarcts: clinical outcome and prognostic factors. Acta Neurochir [Internet]. 2011;153:2075\u0026ndash;83. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-011-1120-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00701-011-1120-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen HJ, Lee TC, Wei CP. Treatment of cerebellar infarction by decompressive suboccipital craniectomy. Stroke [Internet]. 1992;23:957\u0026ndash;61. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.7.957\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/01.str.23.7.957\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTartara F, Bongetta D, Colombo EV, Bortolotti C, Cenzato M, Giombelli E, et al. Strokectomy and Extensive Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for the Treatment of Space-Occupying Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2018;115:e80\u0026ndash;4. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.178\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.178\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoussa WM, Farhoud A. Ventriculosubgaleal shunt in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction [Internet]. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2013. p.\u0026nbsp;105\u0026ndash;10. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2012.05.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ajme.2012.05.007\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKudo H, Kawaguchi T, Minami H, Kuwamura K, Miyata M, Kohmura E. Controversy of surgical treatment for severe cerebellar infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis [Internet]. 2007;16:259\u0026ndash;62. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.09.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.09.001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKrieger D, Adams HP, Rieke K, Hacke W. Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of decompressive craniotomy in space occupying cerebellar infarcts using brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol [Internet]. 1993;88:261\u0026ndash;70. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-5597(93)90050-y\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/0168-5597(93)90050-y\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuyama Y, Wakabayashi S, Aihara H, Ebiko Y, Kajikawa H, Nakahara I. Evaluation of clinical significance of decompressive suboccipital craniectomy on the prognosis of cerebellar infarction. Fujita Medical Journal [Internet]. 2019;5:21\u0026ndash;4. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.20407/fmj.2018-010\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.20407/fmj.2018-010\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLindeskog D, Lilja-Cyron A, Kelsen J, Juhler M. Long-term functional outcome after decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for space-occupying cerebellar infarction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg [Internet]. 2019;176:47\u0026ndash;52. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.11.023\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.11.023\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdelbari Mattar M, Maher H, Zakaria K. W. The impact of emergent suboccipital craniectomy upon outcome \u0026amp; prognosis of massive cerebellar infarction: A single institutional study. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2021;25:101223. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751921001353\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751921001353\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Dur\u0026aacute;n S, Wolfert C, Rohde V, Mielke D. Cerebellar Necrosectomy Instead of Suboccipital Decompression: A Suitable Alternative for Patients with Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;144:e723\u0026ndash;33. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.067\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.067\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGoedemans T, Verbaan D, Coert BA, Kerklaan BJ, van den Berg R, Coutinho JM, et al. Neurologic Outcome After Decompressive Craniectomy: Predictors of Outcome in Different Pathologic Conditions. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2017;105:765\u0026ndash;74. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.069\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.069\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYoshimura K, Kubo S, Nagashima M, Hasegawa H, Thminaga S, Yoshimine T. Occlusive hydrocephalus associated with cerebellar infarction treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy: report of 5 cases. Minim Invasive Neurosurg [Internet]. 2007;50:270\u0026ndash;2. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-990293\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1055/s-2007-990293\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLee HM, Kim M, Suh S-I, Kim JH, Oh K, Koh S-B, et al. Lesions on DWI and the Outcome in Hyperacute Posterior Circulation Stroke. Can J Neurol Sci [Internet]. 2014;41:187\u0026ndash;92. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100016565\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1017/s0317167100016565\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMangubat EZ, Chan M, Ruland S, Roitberg BZ. Hydrocephalus in posterior fossa lesions: ventriculostomy and permanent shunt rates by diagnosis. Neurol Res [Internet]. 2009;31:668\u0026ndash;73. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174313209X380937\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1179/174313209X380937\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVindigni M, Tuniz F, Ius T, Cramaro A, Skrap M. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with secondary triventricular hydrocephalus from a haemorrhage or ischaemia in the posterior cranial fossa. Minim Invasive Neurosurg [Internet]. 2010;53:106\u0026ndash;11. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1251983\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1055/s-0030-1251983\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBertalanffy H, de Vries J. Management of cerebellar infarction with associated occlusive hydrocephalus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg [Internet]. 1992;94:19\u0026ndash;23. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(92)90113-h\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/0303-8467(92)90113-h\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim MJ, Park SK, Song J, Oh S-Y, Lim YC, Sim SY, et al. Preventive suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for cerebellar infarction: A retrospective-matched case-control study. Stroke [Internet]. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health); 2016;47:2565\u0026ndash;73. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014078\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014078\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaco A, Caroli E, Isidori A, Salvati M. Management of acute cerebellar infarction: one institution\u0026rsquo;s experience. Neurosurgery [Internet]. 2003;53:1061\u0026ndash;5; discussion 1065\u0026ndash;6. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000088766.34559.3e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1227/01.neu.0000088766.34559.3e\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMathew P, Teasdale G, Bannan A, Oluoch-Olunya D. Neurosurgical management of cerebellar haematoma and infarct. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 1995;59:287\u0026ndash;92. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.59.3.287\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1136/jnnp.59.3.287\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHornig CR, Rust DS, Busse O, Jauss M, Laun A. Space-occupying cerebellar infarction. Clinical course and prognosis. Stroke [Internet]. 1994;25:372\u0026ndash;4. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.25.2.372\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/01.str.25.2.372\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJauss M, Krieger D, Hornig C, Schramm J, Busse O. Surgical and medical management of patients with massive cerebellar infarctions: results of the German-Austrian Cerebellar Infarction Study. J Neurol [Internet]. 1999;246:257\u0026ndash;64. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050344\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s004150050344\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMostofi K. Neurosurgical management of massive cerebellar infarct outcome in 53 patients. Surg Neurol Int [Internet]. 2013;4:28. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.107906\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.4103/2152-7806.107906\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKoh MG, Phan TG, Atkinson JL, Wijdicks EF. Neuroimaging in deteriorating patients with cerebellar infarcts and mass effect. Stroke [Internet]. 2000;31:2062\u0026ndash;7. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.31.9.2062\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1161/01.str.31.9.2062\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTaneda M, Ozaki K, Wakayama A, Yagi K, Kaneda H, Irino T. Cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg [Internet]. 1982;57:83\u0026ndash;91. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1982.57.1.0083\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3171/jns.1982.57.1.0083\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTaylor DR, Basma J, Jones GM, Lillard J, Wallace D, Ajmera S, et al. Predicting Surgical Intervention in Cerebellar Stroke: A Quantitative Retrospective Analysis. World Neurosurg [Internet]. 2020;142:e160\u0026ndash;72. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.156\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.156\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003evan der Worp HB, Hofmeijer J, J\u0026uuml;ttler E, Lal A, Michel P, Santalucia P, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on the management of space-occupying brain infarction. Eur Stroke J [Internet]. 2021;6:XC \u0026ndash; CX. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969873211014112\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/23969873211014112\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManagement of acute cerebellar infarction: one institution\u0026apos;s experience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaco et al., 2003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective case series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS: unspecified by author. Assumed to be GOS \u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with cerebellar infarction treated between January 1991 and August 1998.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients for\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;whom the ischemic area extended to the brainstem.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeurosurgical management of cerebellar haematoma and infarct\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMathew et al., 1995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS: unspecified by author. Assumed to be GOS \u0026ge;4\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with cerebellar infarction treated between January 2000 and August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with the\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;infarct involving the brain stem and secondary lesions due to tumor, trauma, or other major diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Space occupying cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHornig et al., 1994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with space-occupying cerebellar infarction in a 10-year period.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with coma, severe\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;hemiparesis, or tetraparesis from the onset of stroke due to\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;severe brain stem infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical and medical management of patients with massive cerebellar infarctions: results of the German-Austrian Cerebellar Infarction Study.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJauss et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients aged between 18 and 80 years, admitted\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;within 5 days after onset of a cerebellar infarction with\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;mass effect\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients presenting with acute onset of coma,\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;quadriparesis, or other indicators of underlying basilar occlusion,\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;or prior significant neurological impairment (Rankin \u0026gt; 2) and unrelated\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;terminal conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.702209414024976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeurosurgical management of massive cerebellar infarct outcome in 53 patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.877041306436119%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMostofi, 2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.588856868395773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.475504322766571%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrench West Indies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.012487992315082%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.007684918347742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who had been treated for a\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;cerebellar infarct treated between January 2000 and December 2008.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.313160422670508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with the\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;infarct involving the brain stem and secondary lesions\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;due to tumor, trauma, or other major diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.711538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.884615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.596153846153846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.1923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.211538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.326923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.711538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeuroimaging in deteriorating patients with cerebellar infarcts and mass effect\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.884615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoh et al., 1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.596153846153846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.1923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.211538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 16 (range: 1-105)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with acute cerebellar infarct admitted from 1990 to\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;April 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.326923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with indeterminate onset of symptoms, those who were originally admitted elsewhere for treatment and referred for rehabilitation\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;only, patients with prior\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;cerebellar infarcts and patients with clinical or radiological\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;evidence of acute brain stem infarction or concurrent\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;cerebral infarction.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.711538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.884615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaneda et al., 1982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.596153846153846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.1923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.211538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompletely recovered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with acute cerebellar infarction accompanied by obstructive hydrocephalus.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.326923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.711538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePredicting Surgical Intervention in Cerebellar Stroke: A Quantitative Retrospective Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.884615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaylor et al., 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.596153846153846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.1923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.211538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.01923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients\u0026ge;18 years old with acute\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;cerebellar ischemic stroke receiving a neurosurgical consultation from January 2011 to\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;December 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.326923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who did not require neurosurgical consultation, had a very small stroke (\u0026lt;3 cm in maximal diameter), or had hemorrhagic\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;transformation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinical outcome following surgical treatment for bilateral cerebellar infarction.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTsitsopoulos et al., 2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDenmark\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 57.6 (range:15-118)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with clinically\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;significant bilateral cerebellar infarction who were surgically managed between December 1999 to December 2007.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEndoscopic third ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Baldauf et al., 2006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with hydrocephalus\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;caused by a space-occupying cerebellar infarction managed with ETV between 1997 and 2004.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIs decompressive craniectomy for acute cerebral infarction of any benefit?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoh et al., 2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingapore\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS \u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 7 (range: 3-17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with ischemic stroke admitted between 1997 to 1999.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLong-term outcome after suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebellar infarction.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePfefferkorn T et al, 2009\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll patients with acute cerebellar infarction that were treated by SDC between 1995 and 2006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.792741165234002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.831900668576886%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.545367717287488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.590257879656161%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.685768863419293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.983763132760268%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.933142311365808%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.79847182425979%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.556829035339064%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281757402101242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.792741165234002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLong-term outcome after surgical treatment for space-occupying cerebellar infarction: experience in 56 patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.831900668576886%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJ\u0026uuml;ttler et al., 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.545367717287488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.590257879656161%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.685768863419293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.983763132760268%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.933142311365808%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.79847182425979%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.556829035339064%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients in the\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;neurological and neurosurgical intensive care units between 1996\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;and 2005, with space-occupying cerebellar\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;infarction, who were treated surgically, and with symptom onset of \u0026ge;3 years before follow up.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281757402101242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence of basilar artery occlusion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.792741165234002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePosterior Fossa Surgery for Stroke: Differences in Outcomes Between Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Infarcts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.831900668576886%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLee et al., 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.545367717287488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.590257879656161%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.685768863419293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.983763132760268%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.933142311365808%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.79847182425979%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 44.5\u0026plusmn;33.9\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.556829035339064%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who underwent the insertion of an\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;external ventricular drain followed by posterior fossa decompressive\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;craniectomy for cerebellar hemorrhage or cerebellar\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;infarct.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281757402101242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who underwent only the insertion of an external\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;ventricular drain to treat hydrocephalus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.792741165234002%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical treatment of patients with unilateral cerebellar infarcts: clinical outcome and prognostic factors.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.831900668576886%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTsitsopoulos et al., 2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.545367717287488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.590257879656161%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.685768863419293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.983763132760268%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.933142311365808%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.79847182425979%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.556829035339064%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll patients with\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;radiological signs of acute unilateral cerebellar infarctions\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;who were treated surgically with EVD, suboccipital\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;craniectomy and removal of the necrotic tissue.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.281757402101242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConservatively treated patients, patients that\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;received only external ventricular drainage and patients\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;with bilateral cerebellar infarcts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment of cerebellar infarction by decompressive suboccipital craniectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChen et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBarthel Index; unspecified by author. Assumed to be BI=100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVentriculosubgaleal shunt in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoussa et al., 2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients Presenting With Extensive cerebellar infarction causing obstructive hydrocephalus were included in the study. Any age and both sexes were included\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrokectomy and Extensive Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for the Treatment of Space-Occupying Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTartara et al., 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 33.8 (range 12-58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll patients with posterior fossa ischemia admitted between March 2011 and November 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControversy of surgical treatment for severe cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKudo et al., 2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with severe cerebellar infarction (GCS\u0026lt;9) from January 1994\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;to December 2004.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.867492850333651%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonitoring therapeutic efficacy of decompressive craniotomy in space occupying cerebellar infarcts using brain-stem auditory evoked potentials\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.816968541468065%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKrieger et al., 1993\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.530981887511916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.57769304099142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.67302192564347%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.9628217349857%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.914204003813156%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.774070543374643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.534795042897999%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComatose patients with CT\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;signs of severe obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;compression underwent surgical decompression\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;of the posterior fossa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.347950428979981%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of clinical significance of decompressive suboccipital craniectomy on the prognosis of cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYoshio et al., 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS; unspecified by author. Assumed to be mRS\u0026le;2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who underwent decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for cerebellar infarction between October 2006 and June 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLong-term functional outcome after decompressive suboccipital craniectomy\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;for space-occupying cerebellar infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLindeskoga et al., 2018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDenmark\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll patients treated with SDC for a cerebellar infarction between January 2009 and\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;October 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf follow-up data\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;one year after surgery was not available.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe impact of emergent suboccipital craniectomy upon outcome \u0026amp; prognosis of massive cerebellar infarction: A single institutional study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMattar et al., 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEygpt\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe standards for patient inclusion were (1) adult age \u0026gt;18 years, (2) GCS\u0026le;13, (3) obstructive hydrocephalus and/or brainstem\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;compression. (4) anesthetically fit and only operable cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtremely ill, unfit patients for surgery, previous\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;ischemic stroke, and those who are suffering from malignancy or\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;advanced hepatic or renal diseases.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCerebellar Necrosectomy Instead of Suboccipital Decompression: A Suitable Alternative for Patients with Space-Occupying Cerebellar Infarction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Dur\u0026aacute;n et al., 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS \u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who had undergone\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;necrosectomy for space-occupying cerebellar stroke, from January 2010 to December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeurologic Outcome After Decompressive Craniectomy: Predictors of Outcome in Different Pathologic Conditions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGoedemans et al., 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmsterdam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS \u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients who underwent DC from 2006-2014.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoss to follow-up, unavailbility of long-term neurological outcome\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOcclusive hydrocephalus associated with cerebellar infarction treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy: report of 5 cases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYoshimura, et al., 2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS; undefined. Assumed to be GOS\u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLesions on DWI and the Outcome in Hyperacute Posterior Circulation Stroke\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLee et al., 2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSouth Korea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic stroke between January\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;1, 2008, and February 29, 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHydrocephalus in posterior fossa lesions: ventriculostomy and permanent shunt rates by diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMangubat et al., 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported by author. Unable to determine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with posterior fossa\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;lesions such as primary intracranial hemorrhage\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(ICH), infarction, neoplasm, arteriovenous malformation\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(AVM) or infection.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients with subarachnoid\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;hemorrhage were excluded from this work.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: General characteristics of studies\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy title\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of good functional outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated surgically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal number of patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation and treated medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOutcome follow-up duration (months)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEndoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with secondary triventricular hydrocephalus from a haemorrhage or ischaemia in the posterior cranial fossa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVindigni et al., 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGOS; undefined. Assumed to be GOS\u0026ge;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManagement of cerebellar infarction with associated occlusive hydrocephalus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBertalanffy et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase series\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreventive suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for cerebellar infarction: a retrospective matched case control study\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.824427480916031%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKim et al., 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.538167938931298%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.583969465648855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSouth Korea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.679389312977099%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emRS \u0026le;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.973282442748092%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.786259541984732%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.545801526717558%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients treated with SDC between March 2007 and September 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.36259541984733%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients lost to follow-up, patients with mRS\u0026ge;1 before new clinical signs due to cerebellar infarction.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBI, Barthel index; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GOS, Glasgow Outcome scale; mRS, modified rankin scale;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaco et al, 2003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMathew et al, 1995\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.19730510105871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (11%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment limiting decision: 2 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment limiting decision: 3 (6%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Management change: 4 (8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.19730510105871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (68%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComorbidities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecent cardiac infarction: 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAtrial flutter: 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEndocarditis with vegetations: 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatent foramen ovale: 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiological findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.269356597600872%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.59651035986914%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.923664122137405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.742639040348964%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.16030534351145%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.97928026172301%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.32824427480916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.67175572519084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.32824427480916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.67175572519084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.32824427480916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 56 (9-83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 57 (26-85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.487006737247356%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGCS 3: 2\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 6: 2\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 9-12: 15\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 13: 15\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 14: 7\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 15: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"41.77093358999038%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 14 (4-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManagement change: 2 (4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.19730510105871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (68%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment limiting decision: 2 (4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75842155919153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment limiting decision: 3 (6%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Management change: 2 (4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.19730510105871%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.05009633911368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHornig et al, 1994\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.19653179190752%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJauss et al, 1992\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (15%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (7.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC+EVD+ necrosectomy: 22 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (17%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (36%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (4.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComorbidities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.05009633911368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial hypertension: 33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes: 21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypercholesterolemia: 5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnilateral / bilateral vertebral artery stenosis: 10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnilateral / bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNonrheumatic atrial fibrillation: 14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyocardial infarction: 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.19653179190752%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiological findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.05009633911368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.19653179190752%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.18340611353712%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.81659388646288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.18340611353712%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.81659388646288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.18340611353712%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.81659388646288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.05009633911368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 61.2\u0026plusmn;10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 54.5\u0026plusmn;17.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 57.4\u0026plusmn;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 61.2\u0026plusmn;10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.05009633911368%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.19653179190752%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"39.884393063583815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (21%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (26%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.285163776493256%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (36%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"39.884393063583815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.19653179190752%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMostofi, 2013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.38921001926782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKoh et al, 1999\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.352261790182868%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (11%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.795957651588066%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (17%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.12223291626564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.582290664100096%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.352261790182868%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (74%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(2 patients with treatment limiting decision)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComorbidities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.38921001926782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLarge artery disease: 13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCardioembolism: 12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiological findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.38921001926782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"51.96506550218341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"40.8296943231441%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal amongst surgical group: 9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.205240174672489%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"51.96506550218341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"48.03493449781659%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"51.96506550218341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"40.8296943231441%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal amongst surgical group: 7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.205240174672489%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.38921001926782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 58.7 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.38921001926782%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 9.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.34841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"45.85741811175337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (5.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.358381502890174%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (40%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"39.691714836223504%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"36.030828516377646%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.358381502890174%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Pre-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated surgically or medically\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.198267564966315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaneda et al, 1982\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.05967276227141%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaylor et al, 2020\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (76%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComorbidities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.198267564966315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.05967276227141%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObese, BMI \u0026ge; 30: 37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension: 63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes: 37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoronary artery disease: 21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCongestive heart failure: 16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrior cerebrovascular accident: 16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChronic kidney disease: 8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlcohol abuse: 22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTobacco abuse: 23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHyperlipidemia: 35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiological findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"46.198267564966315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.05967276227141%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of hydrocephalus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.40174672489083%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"41.157205240174676%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal amongst surgical group: 11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.441048034934497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.344601962922575%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"47.655398037077425%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresence of brainstem compression\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"52.40174672489083%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"41.157205240174676%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal amongst surgical group: 10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.441048034934497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"36.31984585741811%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.742059672762272%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 55.1 (40-66)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.46968238691049%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.833493743984601%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.084696823869105%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.159769008662175%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 67.6 (41-80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"42.05967276227141%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 58.5\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;IQR: 52-65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"36.31984585741811%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 14 (IQR: 10-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 15 (IQR: 10-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.803468208092486%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.129094412331407%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.5876685934489405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.753371868978805%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.188824662813103%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (6.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.840077071290944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.092485549132949%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.165703275529865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"36.31984585741811%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.684007707129094%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (19%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eETV, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SDC, suboccipital decompressive craniotomy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.453320500481231%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTsitsopoulos et al, 2010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"43.02213666987488%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBaldauf et al, 2006\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;ETV: 7 (70%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;ETV + EVD: 2 (20%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;ETV + SDC: 1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 54.9\u0026plusmn;13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 61.8 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12.3\u0026plusmn;3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 11.2 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.442307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.75%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.6923076923076925%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.903846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.076923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.384615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.192307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.13358778625954%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKoh et al, 2000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"43.12977099236641%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePfefferkorn et al, 2009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInfarct evacuation: 32/57 (56%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 53.6 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 59.2\u0026plusmn;12.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12.3 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (66%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (47%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.736641221374045%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.251908396946565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.782442748091603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.969465648854962%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164122137404581%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.255725190839694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (28%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.064885496183207%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.011450381679389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.633587786259542%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJ\u0026uuml;ttler et al, 2009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLee et al, 2020\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (70%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (66%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (76%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 60 (30-76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 57.3\u0026plusmn;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 14.5 (3-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (7.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (7.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (21%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.164581328200192%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTsitsopoulos et al, 2011\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChen et al, 1992\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.519230769230769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.519230769230769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC+EVD+ necrosectomy: 9 (82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (75%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"14.51923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (64%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.3\u0026plusmn;9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"14.51923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 54 (36-73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 12.2 (7-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"14.51923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (59%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"14.51923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"14.51923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMoussa et al, 2013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTartara et al, 2018\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (70%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u0026le; Age\u0026lt;30 years: 6\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;30\u0026le;Age\u0026lt;45 years: 3\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Age\u0026ge;45 years: 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 64.7\u0026plusmn;9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGCS 3-9 n=5\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 10-12 n=3\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;GCS 13-15 n=2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 13.6\u0026plusmn;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (64%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKudo et al, 2007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKrieger et al, 1993\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152215799614643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152215799614643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.321772639691715%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152215799614643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.152215799614643%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD+ necrosectomy: 14 (56%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Necrosectomy only: 3 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.56840077071291%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (84%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.56840077071291%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean age\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Group A: 72\u0026plusmn;6\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Group B: 61\u0026plusmn;15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 52 (30-69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.56840077071291%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.56840077071291%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (44%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.84971098265896%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.56840077071291%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (12%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.886319845857418%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.05587668593449%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.766859344894026%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.826589595375722%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (36%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.046242774566474%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuyama et al, 2019\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLindeskog et al, 2018\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.3076923076923075%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (36%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (64%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.134615384615385%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 65\u0026plusmn;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 53 (IQR: 45-62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 8 (IQR: 5-10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (71%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (55%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.826923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.673076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.846153846153847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.653846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.48076923076923%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMattar et al, 2021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Dur\u0026aacute;n, 2020\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNecrosectomy only: 34(100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (53%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 66\u0026plusmn;13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 70 (28-84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian: 11 (3-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (76%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.427333974975938%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.009624639076035%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (21%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGoedemans et al, 2017\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoshimura et al, 2007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eETV: 5 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 71.8 (47-92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 12.8\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(8-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.256015399422521%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.180943214629451%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLee et al, 2014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMangubat et al, 2009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.260827718960538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.33589990375361%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.234841193455245%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVindigni et al, 2010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBertalanffy et al, 1992\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.523580365736285%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.913378248315688%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (63%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eETV: 7 (37%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (60%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.523580365736285%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.913378248315688%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVentriculo-arterial shunt: 3 (30%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnretrievable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.523580365736285%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.913378248315688%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVentriculo-arterial shunt: 1 (10%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 62.3 (52-73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 50.4 (23-67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean: 61.8 (SD unreported)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"45.52454282964389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"42.63715110683349%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnreported\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.838306063522618%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.314725697786333%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.875842155919154%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.04716073147257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.143407122232917%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.68334937439846%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.854667949951876%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.662175168431183%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.523580365736285%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.913378248315688%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVentriculo-arterial shunt: 1 (10%)\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: 1 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Post-intervention characteristics and post-intervention outcomes of patients with posterior circulation stroke, treated by surgery only\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor \u0026amp; year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"79.36241610738254%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKim et al, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatment groups\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEVD only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC with necrosectomy only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSDC and EVD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (62%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge in years \u0026plusmn; SD (range)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean age\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Preventive SDC group: 59.0\u0026plusmn;11.6\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Non-preventive SDC group: 59.4\u0026plusmn;10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGCS on admission\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean GCS\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Preventive SDC group: 12.1\u0026plusmn;4.1\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Non-preventive SDC group: 12.0\u0026plusmn;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGood functional outcome, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (54%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.63758389261745%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath, n (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.751677852348994%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (7.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.959731543624162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.771812080536913%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.939597315436242%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eETV, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy; EVD, Extraventricular drainage; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SDC, suboccipital decompressive craniotomy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Summary of characteristics of all patients who underwent neurosurgery.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of deaths\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean pre-operative GCS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of good functional outcome (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with hypertension (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with dyslipidemia (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with atrial fibrillation (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with heart disease* (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with previous stroke (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with bilateral stroke (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProportion of patients with hydrocephalus (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaldauf et al., 2006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBertalanffy et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChen et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGoedemans et al., 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHern\u0026aacute;ndez-Dur\u0026aacute;n et al., 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHornig et al., 1994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJauss et al., 1992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJ\u0026uuml;ttler et al., 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKim et al., 2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoh et al., 1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoh et al., 2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKrieger et al., 1993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKudo et al., 2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLee et al., 2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLee 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLindeskoga et al., 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMangubat et al., 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMathew et al., 1995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMattar et al., 2021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.032755298651252%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMostofi 2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.394990366088632%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"4.624277456647399%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.069364161849711%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.418111753371869%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.477842003853565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"8.38150289017341%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.610789980732177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"7.514450867052023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"9.441233140655106%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Summary of characteristics of all patients who underwent neurosurgery.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoussa et al., 2013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePfefferkorn et al., 2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRaco et al., 2003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuyama et al., 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaneda et al., 1982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTartara et al., 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaylor et al., 2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTsitsopoulos et al., 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTsitsopoulos et al., 2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVindigni et al., 2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"27.543186180422264%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYoshimura et al., 2007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"3.9347408829174664%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.08637236084453%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"5.950095969289827%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNA, Not applicable as data was unreported by study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*Heart disease included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, coronary disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"stroke, posterior circulation, neurosurgery, medical therapy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere remains uncertainty regarding optimal definitive management for malignant posterior circulation infarcts (MPCI). While guidelines recommend neurosurgery for malignant cerebellar infarcts that are refractory to medical therapy, concerns exist about functional outcome and quality of life after decompressive surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObjective\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study aims to evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention compared to medical therapy in MPCI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this systematic review, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until 2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e April 2021. Studies were included if they involved posterior circulation strokes treated with neurosurgical intervention, and reported mortality and functional outcome data. Data were collected according to PRISMA guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe search yielded 6,677 studies of which 31 studies (comprising 723 patients) were included for analysis. From the included studies, we found that surgical therapy led to significant differences in mortality and functional outcomes in patients with severe disease. Neurological decline and radiological criteria was often used to decide the timing for surgical intervention, as there is currently limited evidence for preventative neurosurgery. There is also limited evidence for the superiority of one surgical modality over another.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor patients with MPCI, in terms of mortality and functional outcome, surgical therapy appears to be equivocal to medical therapy, except in patients with severe disease. Reliable evidence is lacking and further prospective studies are rendered.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Functional and mortality outcomes with medical and surgical therapy in malignant posterior circulation infarcts: A systematic review","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-10-04 15:24:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2026237/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"22ec6fb4-f735-4523-a725-9784ae10c906","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 4th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-05-04T12:44:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-10-04 15:24:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2026237","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2026237","identity":"rs-2026237","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}