Taxonomic Diversity of Ants (Formicidae) in Forest Fragments of Tropical Dry Forest in Atlántico, Colombia

This study provides the first taxonomic diversity analysis of ants in the department of Atlántico, Colombia, documenting 6.75% of the country’s known ant species, 29.5% of its genera, and 63.3% of its subfamilies. We report the first record of Leptogenys volcanica in the Colombian Caribbean and expand the known distribution of 19 species within Atlántico. Our results show marked differences in species composition among forest fragments. El Morro exhibited the highest taxonomic distinctness (TD), supporting a community composed of more distantly related species. In contrast, Uninorte, an isolated urban fragment, had the lowest TD value, suggesting a more taxonomically clustered community and potentially acting as a diversity sink. Nesting values indicate that El Morro functions as a biodiversity reservoir, while the species composition of Los Charcones appears shaped by past land-use changes. The dominance of Myrmicinae and Formicinae aligns with patterns observed in other tropical dry forests. Although fragmentation was not directly assessed, patterns of alpha, beta, and taxonomic distinctness suggest that isolation and land use may influence community composition. El Morro emerges as a key fragment for regional conservation. Enhancing habitat connectivity could help mitigate biodiversity loss in these fragmented landscapes. This study provides a critical baseline for future research on ant ecology and conservation in the Caribbean region of Colombia.