Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique

Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique MUHAMMAD KAMRAN MUHAMMAD KAMRAN, AYEHSA JAMAL AYEHSA JAMAL, TAHIR MALIK TAHIR MALIK, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD), the homodyne detection method is frequently employed for its simplicity in use, effectiveness in terms of error correction, and suitability with contemporary optical communication systems. Being a coherent detection method, it relies on a local oscillator whose frequency is matched to that of the transmitted carrier's signal. In this paper, we evaluate a Free Space Optical (FSO) DV-QKD system based on the KMB09 protocol using Homodyne detection under random phase fluctuation and depolarizing noise error. We present simulation results for System Efficiency and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for the proposed model. An obtained efficiency ({$25%$}) for our proposed DV-QKD system model shows that under atmospheric turbulence and noise effect and it is in line with the available analytical results. However, the inclusion of random phase fluctuation and noise led to higher-than-normal QBER which is anticipated in a real-world scenario. Quantum Cryptography Homodyne Detection KMB09 Atmospheric Turbulence Quantum Bit Error Rate Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4721667","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333608210,"identity":"22e2332f-08f1-4871-b4f6-8eab152555f8","order_by":0,"name":"MUHAMMAD KAMRAN MUHAMMAD KAMRAN","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQhlw8AH5TA2gAXYgJgHr5Y0sBqoFmaitBwmQYtk++m0Dz93nJdnY+8xvMG4w0Z2w/H+Awwfyg4zmPMcwKpFmid388zeM7cN23jOGFswnkkz3nDmMAPjjHOHGSx7G7BqkWPI3czA23Y7gU0ix0yCse1w4oYbyQzMvG2HGQzOY3eYHP/bzYx/287BtPxP3HD/MQPzXzxapCVyNwPNPADTcgBoCzMDMyNIy1nsDpOc8XYzs2xbMtAvx4otEtuSjWeeSTY42HMunceyB7v3Jc7nbmZ822Ynz8/evPHGxzY72b7jBx8++FFmLWfOk4DdZSgApgZkPI8BERrQABlaRsEoGAWjYHgCAJpgXE+/+7acAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"MUHAMMAD","middleName":"KAMRAN MUHAMMAD","lastName":"KAMRAN","suffix":""},{"id":333608211,"identity":"b3e53218-9ab6-4050-94e9-90ddbcb87264","order_by":1,"name":"AYEHSA JAMAL AYEHSA JAMAL","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"AYEHSA","middleName":"JAMAL AYEHSA","lastName":"JAMAL","suffix":""},{"id":333608216,"identity":"d38d72b2-dcb4-4cb8-80fa-e696b1d142a7","order_by":2,"name":"TAHIR MALIK TAHIR MALIK","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"TAHIR","middleName":"MALIK TAHIR","lastName":"MALIK","suffix":""},{"id":333608217,"identity":"7266034c-0509-450f-aab7-59db688a4c7c","order_by":3,"name":"Fahim Ul Haque Fahim Ul Haque","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fahim","middleName":"Ul Haque Fahim Ul","lastName":"Haque","suffix":""},{"id":333608218,"identity":"937b4ea8-9825-40ae-80cb-bf05c106d863","order_by":4,"name":"MUHAMMAD MUBASHHIR KHAN MUHAMMAD MUBASHHIR KHAN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"MUHAMMAD","middleName":"MUBASHHIR KHAN MUHAMMAD MUBASHHIR","lastName":"KHAN","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-11 04:25:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62982677,"identity":"f6860c43-6718-4024-9a0a-3ed87ab9ac06","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-21 17:59:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":660298,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Quantumpdf.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4721667/v1_covered_260e1d86-8c7b-4034-a315-26bb83932d8c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Quantum Cryptography, Homodyne Detection, KMB09, Atmospheric Turbulence, Quantum Bit Error Rate","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD), the homodyne detection method is frequently employed for its simplicity in use, effectiveness in terms of error correction, and suitability with contemporary optical communication systems. Being a coherent detection method, it relies on a local oscillator whose frequency is matched to that of the transmitted carrier's signal. In this paper, we evaluate a Free Space Optical (FSO) DV-QKD system based on the KMB09 protocol using Homodyne detection under random phase fluctuation and depolarizing noise error. We present simulation results for System Efficiency and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for the proposed model. An obtained efficiency ({$25\\%$}) for our proposed DV-QKD system model shows that under atmospheric turbulence and noise effect and it is in line with the available analytical results. However, the inclusion of random phase fluctuation and noise led to higher-than-normal QBER which is anticipated in a real-world scenario.","manuscriptTitle":"Coherent Detection of Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Homodyne Technique","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-09 08:21:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4721667/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1100fa4f-e29c-4039-82fc-b01a484272c4","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 9th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-31T15:14:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-09 08:21:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4721667","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4721667","identity":"rs-4721667","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}