A Compact and Efficient S-band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Maritime Radar Applications

A Compact and Efficient S-band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Maritime Radar Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Compact and Efficient S-band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Maritime Radar Applications Samiul Bashir, Pronab Kumar Paul, Md. Bipul Islam, Md. Firoz Ahmed, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5473546/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The growing demand for compact, high-performance antennas in maritime radar systems drives the need for designs that simultaneously optimize bandwidth, efficiency, and form factor. This paper presents a novel S-band (2–4 GHz) rectangular microstrip antenna featuring a serrated and perforated ground plane, engineered to overcome the inherent bandwidth-size trade-off in conventional designs. The antenna is implemented on a cost-effective FR4 substrate (ε r = 4.3, h = 1.3 mm, tanδ = 0.025) with a total size of 0.31λ × 0.31λ × 0.01λ and utilizes a 50-Ω inset feedline for excitation. Simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio Suite (2024) to evaluate the antenna’s design and performance metrics. The simulation results reveal outstanding performance, including a reflection coefficient (S₁₁) of -60.78464 dB, a wide operational bandwidth of 1.605059 GHz (2.054032–3.659709 GHz), and a radiation efficiency of 83.77%. The antenna exhibits a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.003433, with a gain of 1.76 dBi and directivity of 2.53 dBi, confirming efficient radiation performance. These results contribute to the advancement of compact maritime antennas by balancing miniaturization and high-frequency performance. The study highlights the effectiveness of geometric ground plane modifications for bandwidth enhancement, providing a viable solution for modern radar systems in challenging marine environments. Future work will focus on experimental validation and scalability to other frequency bands. Maritime Radar Rectangular Patch Antenna Serrated ground plane S- band Bandwidth Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5473546","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":446823659,"identity":"654faf22-888d-4ed8-b39c-f4f9597a3e30","order_by":0,"name":"Samiul Bashir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samiul","middleName":"","lastName":"Bashir","suffix":""},{"id":446823660,"identity":"0576756e-17b2-4107-bed9-d6d2881e40c8","order_by":1,"name":"Pronab Kumar Paul","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pronab","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Paul","suffix":""},{"id":446823663,"identity":"7a09e041-50d8-4632-a3d3-9f9f0222945a","order_by":2,"name":"Md. 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This paper presents a novel S-band (2\u0026ndash;4 GHz) rectangular microstrip antenna featuring a serrated and perforated ground plane, engineered to overcome the inherent bandwidth-size trade-off in conventional designs. The antenna is implemented on a cost-effective FR4 substrate (ε\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e = 4.3, h\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.3 mm, tanδ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.025) with a total size of 0.31λ\u0026thinsp;\u0026times;\u0026thinsp;0.31λ\u0026thinsp;\u0026times;\u0026thinsp;0.01λ and utilizes a 50-Ω inset feedline for excitation. Simulations are performed using CST Microwave Studio Suite (2024) to evaluate the antenna\u0026rsquo;s design and performance metrics. The simulation results reveal outstanding performance, including a reflection coefficient (S₁₁) of -60.78464 dB, a wide operational bandwidth of 1.605059 GHz (2.054032\u0026ndash;3.659709 GHz), and a radiation efficiency of 83.77%. The antenna exhibits a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.003433, with a gain of 1.76 dBi and directivity of 2.53 dBi, confirming efficient radiation performance. These results contribute to the advancement of compact maritime antennas by balancing miniaturization and high-frequency performance. The study highlights the effectiveness of geometric ground plane modifications for bandwidth enhancement, providing a viable solution for modern radar systems in challenging marine environments. Future work will focus on experimental validation and scalability to other frequency bands.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Compact and Efficient S-band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Maritime Radar Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-24 15:58:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5473546/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"85fdcf01-d567-45c0-b2ea-b7fa0bb0d105","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-21T13:53:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-24 15:58:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5473546","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5473546","identity":"rs-5473546","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}