Single probes of Fe3O4 Nanorods on textile dye degradation in waste-water treatment

Single probes of Fe3O4 Nanorods on textile dye degradation in waste-water treatment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Single probes of Fe3O4 Nanorods on textile dye degradation in waste-water treatment S. Mohan, K. Ravikumar, V. Shanmugam, K. Elangovan, M. Vishnu Devan, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The process of removing cancer-causing colours from modern effluents before releasing them into water sources such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater has become standard. Traditional waste-water treatment systems have such great difficulties in eliminating these contaminants. The current one is a unique flavonoids synthesis employing Fe3O4 nanorods that have been utilized as photocatalytic to degrade material color in the watery stage using noticeable light illumination. Flavonoids@Fe 3 O 4 nanorods were blended by green methodology. The vanishing of the ultra-violet (UV) retention top that appeared at 581 nm affirmed the evacuation of the Methyl violet color. Following 60 minutes of duration, the dramatic color elimination by Fe 3 O 4 nanorod was noticed to be 97 percent. The findings demonstrate that the Fe 3 O 4 nanorods made using the green approach are immensely beneficial in the photocatalytic destruction of hazardous pollutants. Inorganic Chemistry Polymer Science Medical Physics X-ray techniques Nanocrystalline materials FTIR Electron microscopy photo catalysis textile dyes Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1. Introduction In this materialistic world, the most poisonous modern pollutants are amalgamated in the materials with great extent used in food, cosmetics, leather, paper and plastic industries for aesthetic purposes. The vast majority of them are possibly dangerous, representing an extraordinary hazard to the current state of the ecosystem. The colors were also utilized generally in pigment production [ 1 ] and upon the intravenous mixture that causes serious mutagenic and cancer-causing ailments[ 2 ]. Generally, there are different physicochemical techniques such as coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on activated carbon and layer filtration. In frontier, attractive iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NRs) have been applied in differing fields, like recognition and detachment of proteins to improve the affectability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunoassay and targeted drug delivery [ 3 – 4 ]. In addition to this, the nanoparticles are also applied in a great deal with the consideration in the field of Catalysis [ 5 ], proton exchange membrane and biosensor[ 6 ]. Similarly, some iron oxides and their composite have been demonstrated as a powerful tool for color corruption by adsorption [ 7 – 8 ] because of their high surface area to the volume ratio and various nanostructures. So far, various methodologies have been utilized for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 NRs like hydrothermal, sonochemical, micro-emulsion, electrochemical, sol-gel and co-precipitation etc. [ 9 , 10 ]. However, the present work has used a novel way for the first time; it concentrates on integrating and utilizing flavonoid @ Fe3O4 NRs and revealing their photocatalytic inspection, synergist action upon methyl violet (MV) dye expulsion in a watery medium. 2. Experimental 2.1 Experimental The predetermined chemicals were utilized in De-ionized water and without further sanitization. 2.2 Isolation of Functionalization Agent (FA) The dissolvable extraction of 5g CRL powder was treated with 60% methanol and 37% HCl in the Soxhlet extractor. The obtained methanolic extracts were neutralized by 0.4mol Na 2 CO 3 arrangements and isolated the arrangements petroleum ether and ethyl acetate was emptied threefold, and the surface layer vanished. To fractionalize Catharanthus leaf extract (CRL), the inclination elution Gathered part volume was 30ml and 6 divisions were fractionalized by column chromatography. The obtained Flavonoids separates were assessed by including 0.5ml hydroxide, and extricated tests were blended at temperature. The yellow color was seen, which affirms flavonoids present inside the CRL separate [ 11 ] 2.3 Architecture of recyclable Fe 3 O 4 nanocatalyst Fe 3 O 4 MNRs were synthesized via a simple and eco-accommodating methodology. In typical protocol has used slightly modified [ 12 ]. The architecture of 2g of FeCl 3 .6H 2 0 and 6.56 g of sodium acetate were included as functionalization agents (flavonoid 50ml) was mixed enthusiastically for two hours at 70 0 C. The uniform mixture becomes black color, and accordingly, the block product was acquired and isolate. 2.4 Photo catalysis inspections (PCI) Flavonoid@Fe 3 O 4 NRs on textile dye removal has inspected by photo catalysis platform. Fire the experiment, 50 ml of 0.1M of MV dye was mixed of 10mg of Fe 3 O 4 NRs was subjected to UV illumination. A control (MV) set was also used in the absence of a catalyst. The reaction mixture was to ensure desorption equilibrium to illuminate periodically. Later, the chromphoric group was decomposing under UV illumination in presence of a catalyst (mercury lamp 120w) with different time exposure [ 13 ]. Decomposition of dye was observed in terms of the drastic decrease in the absorbance peak at (λ max = 581nm) has shown in Fig- 5 (a). 3. Results And Discussion Electronic absorption spectra of incorporated Fe 3 O 4 NRs were obviously two shoulder bands, such as band I (Flavonoid) at 248nm. The spectra for phenolic compounds and flavonoids typically lie in the range of 210–290 nm, and band II (Fe-O) at 402 nm was immobilized flavonoid @ Fe 3 O 4 NRs was shown in Fig-1 (a). Similarly, were also evidenced [ 14 – 15 ]. This is due to the formation of Fe 3 O 4 NRs depends upon the nucleation growth mechanism [ 16 ]. In this connection, this is an outcome of obviously characterized that the carbonyl gathering flavonoid group were in solid coordination bond appear in strongly proved by Fourier transform infrared [FT IR] spectrum. Fig-1 (b) insitu the energy gap of Fe 3 O 4 NRs elucidates from Tauc’s relations. α h ν = C ( hν − E g ) 2 ----------------- (1) The band gap of flavonoid@Fe 3 O 4 NRs was found to be 4.2 eV, which were strong plasmonic effect and high electrode potential + 33eV Fig − 2 shows that FTIR characteristic peak was assigned in 3421, 2925, 1626, 1407, 1234 and 1067 cm − 1 to expanded significantly for Fe 3 O 4 nanorods. Strikingly, other bands at 590 & 622 cm − 1 credit to the characteristic extending vibrations of Fe-O bond [ 17 ]. Subsequently; the FTIR profile demonstrates the crucial part of the flavonoid group in secondary metabolites that reduce Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ metal ions and adjustment of Flavonoid @ Fe 3 O 4 NRs The crystallite structure of Fe 3 O 4 NRs was studied by using the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Figure 3 (a) represents the XRD profile of Fe 3 O 4 NRs acquired utilizing the flavonoid extract (CRL). The XRD patterns of the Fe 3 O 4 NRs shows that six relatively strong reflection peaks were located at (111), (200), (220), (311), (400), and (440) are well indexed to the cubic inverse spinal system of Fe 3 O 4 NRs (JCPDS # 76 − 045) which affirms the fabrication of Fe 3 O 4 NRs. The crystallite size was estimated by the Scherrer equation [ 17 , 18 ]. D = Kλ / β Cosθ ---------------------------------(2) The calculated Fe 3 O 4 NRs average crystallite size is 57.7 nm and Micro strain of Fe 3 O 4 NRs was calculated by using the equation ε = β Cosθ/4 ...................................................... (3) Dis-location density is derived this equation δ = 1/D 2 ..................................................... (4) the microstrain of Fe 3 O 4 NRs was found to be 0.807 ε × 10 − 3, and also dislocation density was 8.75×10 15 . From the results, we can conclude that the potentially active dislocation density of crystallite size and crystal field distract also helped to as dye removal process [ 19 ]. The size and surface morphology of the Fe 3 O 4 NRs were confirmed to be wire, rod-shaped through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation. Figure 4 (a) and (b) represent various magnifications of the SEM images of the Fe 3 O 4 NRs, which clearly indicate wire-like shapes Fig. 4(c) illustrates TEM image of synthesized Fe 3 O 4 NRs, which clearly depicted rod-like structure. The mean size of the nanorods has been observed 15 to 20nm. The rod like structure of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was induced strong ROS radicals that help of with photocatalytic activity [ 20 , 21 ]. The EDS evaluation of the Fe 3 O 4 is shown in Fig. 4(d) , which clearly indicates the presence of Fe and O in the resulting material. The kinetic behavior of Fe 3 O 4 nanorods on methyl violet dye was inspected by photocatalytic method (PCI) and Langmuir hinshelwood mechanism was followed: ln (C/C 0 ) = K app t ---------------------- (5) The plot of the graph ln (C/C 0 ) vs time for the Fe 3 O 4 NRs gives rate constant which was found to be 0.0789 min − 1 and also the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was shown in Fig-5 (b) [ 22 ] Once the light is incident on the material, the excitation of electrons occurs from VB to CB, and forming the electron-holes in the VB. Furthermore, the separation of charge and movement of produced charge carriers to the surface of Fe 3 O 4 layer can led to the redox process. The reactive oxygen (ROS) species of (h+) (VB) in Flavonoid@Fe 3 O 4 nanorods is the oxidation of MV to responsive intermediates radicals (*OH) that can convert into the decomposition of water. [ 13 , 21 ]. Fig-5(c) showed that the reusability and stability of flavonoid@Fe 3 O 4 NRs were highly stable were evaluated for five cycles with strong, and effective nature [ 2 ] 4. Conclusion By the overview, the flavonoid @Fe 3 O 4 NRs were successfully achieved by greener way using CR leaf extract. Thus, the recyclable and photostability of Fe 3 O 4 NRs were derived from various analytical characterizations subsequently. Furthermore, the effective dye removal of flavonoid @Fe 3 O 4 NRs was observed to be 97 % @ 60 minutes time duration, which is due to strong dis-location density is 8.75×10 15 , crystal field attraction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism was also helped to as fast reaction rate and easy to achieve rapid in the decolorization process. The flavonoid @Fe 3 O 4 NRs can be used as promising for contaminated water treatments and MRI, Biosensors, etc. Declarations Acknowledgment The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for the financial support through the research groups program under grant number (R.G.P.2/86/41). References [1]. Ahmed, M.J.K., Ahmaruzzaman, M., Bordoloi, M.H., RSC Adv. 2015;5, 74645–74655. [2]. Atarod, M, Nasrollahzadeh, M., Sajadi, S.M., RSC Adv. 2015;5, 91532–91543. [3]. Barahuie, F, Dorniani, D, Saifullah, B., Gothai, S., Hussein, M.Z., Pandurangan, A.K., Arulselvan, P., Norhaizan, M.E., Int. J. Nanomed. 2017;12, 2361–2372 [4]. Hao B.R., Xing R., Xu Z., Hou Y., Gao S., Sun S., Adv. Mater. 2010; 22, 2729–2742 [5]. Astruc D., Lu F., Aranzaes J.R., Angew. Chem. 2005;117, 8062–8083. [6]. Chourpa I, Douziech-Eyrolles L, Ngaboni-Okassa L, Fouquenet J.F, Cohen- Jonathan S, Souce M, Marchais H, Dubois P, Analyst 2005;130, 1395–1403. [7]. Mirzajani R, Ahmadi S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2015;23, 171–178. [8]. Liang X.M., Zhao L.J., RSC Adv. 2012; 2, 5485–5487. [9]. Attallah, O.A., Girgis, E., Abdel-Mottaleb, M.M., J. Magn. Mater. 2016;399, 58–63. [10]. Wu J.H, Ko S.P, Liu H.L, Jung M.H, Lee J.H, Ju J.S, Kim Y.K, Colloids Surf. Physico. Chem. Eng. Aspects.2008;313-314, 264–267. [11]. Macdonald I.O, Oludare A.S, A. Life Sci. J., 2010;7, p. 3 [12]. Sada Venkateswarlu Bhajanthri Natesh Kumar, Bobbala Prathima, Yakkate SubbaRao Nimmagadda Venkata Vijaya Jyothi, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2014;09 – 006. [13]. Santhanam Mohan, Manickam Vishnudevan ' Green processing synth. 2019; 8: 895-900. [14]. Sumit Arora, Prakash Itankar, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2018;8, 476e482 [15]. Van Thuan Le, Van Dat Doan, Thi Thanh Nhi Le, My Uyen Do, Thu-Thao Thi Vo, Ha Huu Do, Dinh Quoc Viet, Vy Anh Tran, Materials letter 2021;283, 128749 [16]. Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, Viswanathan B, Muthumary J, Srinivasan K, Spectrochemica Acta Part A 2011;79, 594–598 [17]. Cheera Prasad, Karlapudi S, Venkateswarlu P, Bahadur I, Kumar S, Journal of Molecular Liquids 2017;240, 322–328 [18]. Sada Venkateswarlu, Subba Rao Y, Balaji T., Prathima B, Jyothi N.V.V, Materials Letters 2013; 100, 241-244 [19]. Hassanien A. S, Alaa B, Aklcd A, and Sáaedi A.H, Cryst.Eng.Comm, 2018;20, 1716-1730 [20]. Azar Sadullahkhani, Irajkazeminezhad, Jun Lu ormer Nur, Lars hulman, Magnus willander, RSC Adv., 2014; 4, 36940-36950. [21] Abdelmajid Lassoued, Mohamed Saber Lassoued, Brahim Dkhil, Salah Ammar, Abdellatif Gadri, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2018;10854-018-8819-4 [22]. Adeel Ahmed Muhammad Usman Bing Yua, Xin Ding, Qiaohong Penga, Youqing Shena, Hailin Conga, Adeel Ahmeda, Muhammad Usman, Bing Yua,b, Xin Dinga, Qiaohong Penga, Youqing Shena, Hailin Conga, Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology 2020; 202, 111682 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-853773","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":48687210,"identity":"58528e24-994b-4500-a6ee-e4476517ce52","order_by":0,"name":"S. Mohan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Government Arts College","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S.","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohan","suffix":""},{"id":48687211,"identity":"eafe79a8-571c-43be-b1d7-439674533e48","order_by":1,"name":"K. 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Somaily","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of Science, King Khalid University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"H.H.","middleName":"","lastName":"Somaily","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-08-28 13:40:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":12974763,"identity":"281fc019-e003-4f46-b3a0-44aeea3559fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-01 14:41:17","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26386,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Electronic absorption spectra for Flavonoids @ Fe3O4 NRs using green route (b) Insitu of energy gap of Flavonoids @ Fe3O4 NRs","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/4891e0afa1f2f8bb2e6c5b57.png"},{"id":12974764,"identity":"8feaf94c-0a45-4725-ab30-1029e0df7e75","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-01 14:41:17","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":37598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Functional group analysis of flavonoids containing Fe3O4 NRs by FTIR spectrum","description":"","filename":"Fig2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/b5f11092cb687082e8aa764e.png"},{"id":12974766,"identity":"abf5a73e-8ce1-47e9-b8a4-1ea1aade0025","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-01 14:41:17","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":162882,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Crystallite structure identification by powder X-ray analysis.\n(b) Williamsons Hall plot of Fe3O4 NRs","description":"","filename":"Fig3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/e34b24594ac6236d808fbd87.png"},{"id":12975363,"identity":"59e43cc1-d707-41ba-84fc-0ee3618e1a7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-01 14:44:17","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":487465,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) and (b) various magnification of Fe3O4 nanowire by SEM (c) HR-TEM image of Fe3O4 nanorods (d) Elemental composition spectrum","description":"","filename":"Fig4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/f13343b59ee9f9d5bbdfe571.png"},{"id":12974765,"identity":"18c1dbb9-1abe-496b-afe3-f8aabd126f52","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-01 14:41:17","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":123454,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Different time exposure of methyl violet dye degradation curve via photocatalysis method","description":"","filename":"Fig5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/5d2a261a6e1ade4c51c9195b.png"},{"id":13712168,"identity":"4791aa0f-7715-48ea-ae3f-e01b87a04879","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 14:26:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1049478,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-853773/v1/87b2d028-6dc5-46bc-9c3f-2c3187eefbf0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Single probes of Fe3O4 Nanorods on textile dye degradation in waste-water treatment","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this materialistic world, the most poisonous modern pollutants are amalgamated in the materials with great extent used in food, cosmetics, leather, paper and plastic industries for aesthetic purposes. The vast majority of them are possibly dangerous, representing an extraordinary hazard to the current state of the ecosystem. The colors were also utilized generally in pigment production [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] and upon the intravenous mixture that causes serious mutagenic and cancer-causing ailments[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Generally, there are different physicochemical techniques such as coagulation/flocculation, adsorption on activated carbon and layer filtration. In frontier, attractive iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs) have been applied in differing fields, like recognition and detachment of proteins to improve the affectability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), immunoassay and targeted drug delivery [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition to this, the nanoparticles are also applied in a great deal with the consideration in the field of Catalysis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], proton exchange membrane and biosensor[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, some iron oxides and their composite have been demonstrated as a powerful tool for color corruption by adsorption [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] because of their high surface area to the volume ratio and various nanostructures. So far, various methodologies have been utilized for the synthesis of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs like hydrothermal, sonochemical, micro-emulsion, electrochemical, sol-gel and co-precipitation etc. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the present work has used a novel way for the first time; it concentrates on integrating and utilizing flavonoid @ Fe3O4 NRs and revealing their photocatalytic inspection, synergist action upon methyl violet (MV) dye expulsion in a watery medium.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"2. Experimental","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Experimental\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe predetermined chemicals were utilized in De-ionized water and without further sanitization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Isolation of Functionalization Agent (FA)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dissolvable extraction of 5g CRL powder was treated with 60% methanol and 37% HCl in the Soxhlet extractor. The obtained methanolic extracts were neutralized by 0.4mol Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e arrangements and isolated the arrangements petroleum ether and ethyl acetate was emptied threefold, and the surface layer vanished. To fractionalize Catharanthus leaf extract (CRL), the inclination elution Gathered part volume was 30ml and 6 divisions were fractionalized by column chromatography. The obtained Flavonoids separates were assessed by including 0.5ml hydroxide, and extricated tests were blended at temperature. The yellow color was seen, which affirms flavonoids present inside the CRL separate [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Architecture of recyclable Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003enanocatalyst\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e MNRs were synthesized via a simple and eco-accommodating methodology. In typical protocol has used slightly modified [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The architecture of 2g of FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e.6H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e0 and 6.56 g of sodium acetate were included as functionalization agents (flavonoid 50ml) was mixed enthusiastically for two hours at 70 \u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC. The uniform mixture becomes black color, and accordingly, the block product was acquired and isolate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Photo catalysis inspections (PCI)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlavonoid@Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs on textile dye removal has inspected by photo catalysis platform. Fire the experiment, 50 ml of 0.1M of MV dye was mixed of 10mg of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was subjected to UV illumination. A control (MV) set was also used in the absence of a catalyst. The reaction mixture was to ensure desorption equilibrium to illuminate periodically. Later, the chromphoric group was decomposing under UV illumination in presence of a catalyst (mercury lamp 120w) with different time exposure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Decomposition of dye was observed in terms of the drastic decrease in the absorbance peak at (λ\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;581nm) has shown in \u003cb\u003eFig- 5 (a).\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results And Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eElectronic absorption spectra of incorporated Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs were obviously two shoulder bands, such as band I (Flavonoid) at 248nm. The spectra for phenolic compounds and flavonoids typically lie in the range of 210\u0026ndash;290 nm, and band II (Fe-O) at 402 nm was immobilized flavonoid @ Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was shown in Fig-1 (a). Similarly, were also evidenced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. This is due to the formation of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs depends upon the nucleation growth mechanism [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. In this connection, this is an outcome of obviously characterized that the carbonyl gathering flavonoid group were in solid coordination bond appear in strongly proved by Fourier transform infrared [FT IR] spectrum. Fig-1 (b) insitu the energy gap of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs elucidates from Tauc\u0026rsquo;s relations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eα\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003eh\u003c/b\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eν\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e=\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ehν\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eE\u003c/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003eg\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e ----------------- (1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe band gap of flavonoid@Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was found to be 4.2 eV, which were strong plasmonic effect and high electrode potential\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;33eV\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eFig \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/b\u003e shows that FTIR characteristic peak was assigned in 3421, 2925, 1626, 1407, 1234 and 1067 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e to expanded significantly for Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods. Strikingly, other bands at 590 \u0026amp; 622 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e credit to the characteristic extending vibrations of Fe-O bond [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Subsequently; the FTIR profile demonstrates the crucial part of the flavonoid group in secondary metabolites that reduce Fe\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e/Fe\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e metal ions and adjustment of Flavonoid @ Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eNRs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe crystallite structure of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was studied by using the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Figure\u0026nbsp;3 \u003cb\u003e(a)\u003c/b\u003e represents the XRD profile of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs acquired utilizing the flavonoid extract (CRL). The XRD patterns of the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs shows that six relatively strong reflection peaks were located at (111), (200), (220), (311), (400), and (440) are well indexed to the cubic inverse spinal system of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs (JCPDS # 76\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;045) which affirms the fabrication of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs. The crystallite size was estimated by the Scherrer equation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Kλ / β Cosθ\u003c/b\u003e ---------------------------------(2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe calculated Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs average crystallite size is 57.7 nm and Micro strain of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was calculated by using the equation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eε\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;β Cosθ/4\u003c/b\u003e ...................................................... (3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDis-location density is derived this equation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eδ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1/D\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e \u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/sup\u003e ..................................................... (4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe microstrain of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs was found to be 0.807 ε\u0026thinsp;\u0026times;\u0026thinsp;10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3,\u003c/sup\u003e and also dislocation density was 8.75\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e. From the results, we can conclude that the potentially active dislocation density of crystallite size and crystal field distract also helped to as dye removal process [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe size and surface morphology of the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs were confirmed to be wire, rod-shaped through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation. Figure\u0026nbsp;4\u003cb\u003e(a) and (b)\u003c/b\u003e represent various magnifications of the SEM images of the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs, which clearly indicate wire-like shapes \u003cb\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;4(c)\u003c/b\u003e illustrates TEM image of synthesized Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs, which clearly depicted rod-like structure. The mean size of the nanorods has been observed 15 to 20nm. The rod like structure of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanoparticles was induced strong ROS radicals that help of with photocatalytic activity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The EDS evaluation of the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e is shown in \u003cb\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;4(d)\u003c/b\u003e, which clearly indicates the presence of Fe and O in the resulting material.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe kinetic behavior of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods on methyl violet dye was inspected by photocatalytic method (PCI) and Langmuir hinshelwood mechanism was followed:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eln (C/C\u003c/b\u003e \u003csub\u003e \u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003e)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/b\u003e \u003csub\u003e \u003cb\u003eapp\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003et ---------------------- (5)\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe plot of the graph ln (C/C\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e) vs time for the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs gives rate constant which was found to be 0.0789 min \u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and also the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was shown in \u003cb\u003eFig-5 (b)\u003c/b\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce the light is incident on the material, the excitation of electrons occurs from VB to CB, and forming the electron-holes in the VB. Furthermore, the separation of charge and movement of produced charge carriers to the surface of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e layer can led to the redox process. The reactive oxygen (ROS) species of (h+) (VB) in Flavonoid@Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods is the oxidation of MV to responsive intermediates radicals (*OH) that can convert into the decomposition of water. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Fig-5(c) showed that the reusability and stability of flavonoid@Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs were highly stable were evaluated for five cycles with strong, and effective nature [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBy the overview, the flavonoid @Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs were successfully achieved by greener way using CR leaf extract. Thus, the recyclable and photostability of Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs were derived from various analytical characterizations subsequently. Furthermore, the effective dye removal of flavonoid @Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eNRs was observed to be 97 % @ 60 minutes time duration, which is due to strong dis-location density is 8.75\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e, crystal field attraction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism was also helped to as fast reaction rate and easy to achieve rapid in the decolorization process. The flavonoid @Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e NRs can be used as promising for contaminated water treatments and MRI, Biosensors, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for the financial support through the research groups program under grant number (R.G.P.2/86/41).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003e[1]. Ahmed, M.J.K., Ahmaruzzaman, M., Bordoloi, M.H., RSC Adv. 2015;5, 74645\u0026ndash;74655.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[2]. \u0026nbsp;Atarod, M, Nasrollahzadeh, M., Sajadi, S.M., \u0026nbsp;RSC Adv. 2015;5, 91532\u0026ndash;91543.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[3]. Barahuie, F, Dorniani, D, Saifullah, B., Gothai, S., Hussein, M.Z., Pandurangan, A.K., Arulselvan, P., Norhaizan, M.E., \u0026nbsp;Int. J. Nanomed. 2017;12, 2361\u0026ndash;2372\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[4]. \u0026nbsp;Hao B.R., Xing R., Xu Z., Hou Y., Gao S., Sun S., Adv. Mater. 2010; 22, 2729\u0026ndash;2742\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[5]. \u0026nbsp;Astruc D., Lu F., Aranzaes J.R., Angew. Chem. 2005;117, 8062\u0026ndash;8083.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[6]. \u0026nbsp;Chourpa I, Douziech-Eyrolles L, Ngaboni-Okassa L, Fouquenet J.F, Cohen-\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Jonathan S, \u0026nbsp;Souce M, Marchais H, Dubois P, Analyst 2005;130, 1395\u0026ndash;1403.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[7]. \u0026nbsp;Mirzajani R, Ahmadi S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2015;23, 171\u0026ndash;178.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[8]. Liang X.M., Zhao L.J., RSC Adv. 2012; 2, 5485\u0026ndash;5487.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[9]. Attallah, O.A., Girgis, E., Abdel-Mottaleb, M.M., J. Magn. Mater. 2016;399, 58\u0026ndash;63.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[10]. Wu J.H, Ko S.P, Liu H.L, Jung M.H, Lee J.H, Ju J.S, \u0026nbsp; Kim Y.K, Colloids Surf. Physico. Chem. Eng. Aspects.2008;313-314, 264\u0026ndash;267.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[11]. Macdonald I.O, Oludare A.S, A. \u0026nbsp;Life Sci. J., 2010;7, p. 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[12]. Sada Venkateswarlu \u0026nbsp;Bhajanthri Natesh Kumar, Bobbala Prathima, Yakkate SubbaRao \u0026nbsp; Nimmagadda Venkata Vijaya Jyothi, Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2014;09 \u0026ndash; 006.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[13]. Santhanam Mohan, Manickam Vishnudevan \u0026apos; Green processing synth. 2019; 8: 895-900.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[14].\u0026nbsp;Sumit Arora, Prakash Itankar,\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2018;8, 476e482\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[15]. Van Thuan Le, Van Dat Doan, Thi Thanh Nhi Le, My Uyen Do, Thu-Thao Thi Vo, Ha Huu Do, Dinh Quoc Viet, Vy Anh Tran, \u0026nbsp;Materials letter 2021;283, 128749\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[16]. Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, \u0026nbsp;Viswanathan B, Muthumary J, \u0026nbsp;Srinivasan K, \u0026nbsp;Spectrochemica Acta Part A 2011;79, 594\u0026ndash;598\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[17]. Cheera Prasad, Karlapudi S, \u0026nbsp;Venkateswarlu P, \u0026nbsp;Bahadur I, Kumar S, \u0026nbsp;Journal of Molecular Liquids 2017;240, 322\u0026ndash;328\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[18]. Sada Venkateswarlu, Subba Rao Y, Balaji T., Prathima B, Jyothi N.V.V, Materials Letters 2013; 100, \u0026nbsp;241-244\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[19]. Hassanien A. S, Alaa B, \u0026nbsp;Aklcd A, and \u0026nbsp;S\u0026aacute;aedi A.H, Cryst.Eng.Comm, 2018;20, 1716-1730\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[20]. Azar Sadullahkhani, Irajkazeminezhad, Jun Lu ormer Nur, Lars hulman, \u0026nbsp;Magnus willander, RSC Adv., 2014; 4, 36940-36950.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[21] Abdelmajid Lassoued, Mohamed Saber Lassoued, Brahim Dkhil, Salah Ammar, Abdellatif Gadri, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2018;10854-018-8819-4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[22]. Adeel Ahmed Muhammad Usman Bing Yua, Xin Ding, Qiaohong Penga, Youqing Shena, Hailin Conga, Adeel Ahmeda, Muhammad Usman, Bing Yua,b, Xin Dinga, Qiaohong Penga, Youqing Shena, Hailin Conga, Journal of Photochemistry \u0026amp; Photobiology, B: Biology 2020; 202, 111682\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"X-ray techniques; Nanocrystalline materials, FTIR, Electron microscopy, photo catalysis, textile dyes ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe process of removing cancer-causing colours from modern effluents before releasing them into water sources such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater has become standard. Traditional waste-water treatment systems have such great difficulties in eliminating these contaminants. The current one is a unique flavonoids synthesis employing Fe3O4 nanorods that have been utilized as photocatalytic to degrade material color in the watery stage using noticeable light illumination. Flavonoids@Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods were blended by green methodology. The vanishing of the ultra-violet (UV) retention top that appeared at 581 nm affirmed the evacuation of the Methyl violet color. Following 60 minutes of duration, the dramatic color elimination by Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorod was noticed to be 97 percent. The findings demonstrate that the Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods made using the green approach are immensely beneficial in the photocatalytic destruction of hazardous pollutants.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Single probes of Fe3O4 Nanorods on textile dye degradation in waste-water treatment","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-09-01 14:41:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-853773/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bca1e692-ad7d-4324-8218-2274d1601c09","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 1st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":6866151,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},{"id":6866152,"name":"Polymer Science"},{"id":6866153,"name":"Medical Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-09-01T14:41:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-09-01 14:41:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-853773","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-853773","identity":"rs-853773","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"FbvkV6FR0MCFSLy54lSbu","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}