Geospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria

Geospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Geospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria Rukayyah A. Bahago, A. Abdulkadir, T. I. Yahaya, A. B. Hassan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study assesses flood vulnerability impacts on food security for communities downstream of Niger State's Shiroro and Zungeru hydroelectric dams. Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Landsat imagery (1986–2022) via Google Earth Engine, we mapped spatio-temporal flood dynamics and identified frequently inundated croplands. A multi-criteria GIS analysis incorporating elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, NDVI, land use, and river proximity generated detailed flood vulnerability maps through fuzzy overlay techniques. Agricultural impacts were evaluated by overlaying hazard maps with farmland data and household surveys, employing food security indicators (HFIAS and FCS). The research further examines gender-differentiated adaptation strategies to flood-induced food insecurity. Results reveal significant flooding patterns, highlighting cropland exposure and heightened household vulnerability. Findings provide critical evidence for targeted flood risk management, climate adaptation planning, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to enhance agricultural resilience, supporting Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13 in dam-affected communities. Geographic Information Systems Flood vulnerability food security geospatial analysis dam downstream communities climate adaptation Niger State Nigeria Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8477438","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":567140124,"identity":"55275992-df05-4c4b-9d47-107ddf74a4b9","order_by":0,"name":"Rukayyah A. Bahago","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA00lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNjBOYGNgPsDA2ECaFrYEErUwMPAYEKfFfEZa4uOCMrs8Pv4z3yR+7rCRY2A/fHQDPi0yN9IOG884l1zMJpG7TbL3TJoxA09a2g18WiQk0tukeduYE9skeLdJ8LYdTmyQ4DEjpKX9N29bfWIb/5lnkn+J05J2jBlkeBtDDps0cbbwPEuW5jl3HOiXNGNr2bY0YzaCfmFPM/zMU1adJ99/+OHNt202cvzsh4/h1YIMWCRAJBuxykGA+QMpqkfBKBgFo2DkAACenUQNrQK15QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Tech Minna","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rukayyah","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Bahago","suffix":""},{"id":567140125,"identity":"f668f728-be32-4e44-92da-65312072d43f","order_by":1,"name":"A. Abdulkadir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Tech Minna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdulkadir","suffix":""},{"id":567140126,"identity":"036e97fb-1c93-463c-a064-2eaf5ee599c0","order_by":2,"name":"T. I. Yahaya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Tech Minna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"T.","middleName":"I.","lastName":"Yahaya","suffix":""},{"id":567140127,"identity":"c197858e-1ae3-4c52-8a5b-f8cfbfcfce85","order_by":3,"name":"A. B. Hassan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Tech Minna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"B.","lastName":"Hassan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-30 05:04:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":99794297,"identity":"2462a342-2c74-431b-a267-5a960df256a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-08 13:34:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":9224992,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GeospatialAssessmentofFloodVulnerability.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8477438/v1_covered_c8d0b9a0-848b-431f-9917-dc0999a42261.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eGeospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology Minna","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Flood vulnerability, food security, geospatial analysis, dam downstream communities, climate adaptation, Niger State, Nigeria","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study assesses flood vulnerability impacts on food security for communities downstream of Niger State's Shiroro and Zungeru hydroelectric dams. Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Landsat imagery (1986–2022) via Google Earth Engine, we mapped spatio-temporal flood dynamics and identified frequently inundated croplands. A multi-criteria GIS analysis incorporating elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, NDVI, land use, and river proximity generated detailed flood vulnerability maps through fuzzy overlay techniques. Agricultural impacts were evaluated by overlaying hazard maps with farmland data and household surveys, employing food security indicators (HFIAS and FCS). The research further examines gender-differentiated adaptation strategies to flood-induced food insecurity. Results reveal significant flooding patterns, highlighting cropland exposure and heightened household vulnerability. Findings provide critical evidence for targeted flood risk management, climate adaptation planning, and gender-sensitive policy interventions to enhance agricultural resilience, supporting Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13 in dam-affected communities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Geospatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Food Security in Downstream Communities of Shiroro and Zungeru Dams, Niger State, Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-06 16:21:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8477438/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"744e704e-a02b-4267-835e-5bb6efc51fe9","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":60361097,"name":"Geographic Information Systems"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-06T16:21:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-06 16:21:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8477438","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8477438","identity":"rs-8477438","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}