Optimizing BESS Operations for Frequency Support in Vietnam's Power System with Increasing Renewable Energy Penetration

Optimizing BESS Operations for Frequency Support in Vietnam's Power System with Increasing Renewable Energy Penetration | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimizing BESS Operations for Frequency Support in Vietnam's Power System with Increasing Renewable Energy Penetration Tran Viet Thanh, Le Cao Quyen, DinhThanh Viet, Nguyen Huu Hieu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract This study proposes an optimal control of the battery energy storage system (BESS) to support the frequency in the power system connecting a high penetration rate of renewable energy sources. A frequency regulation algorithm generates a sinusoidal reference signal for the pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme of the DC/AC converter based on voltage magnitude and phase set points. The proposed algorithm uses the control loops, including the frequency, voltage, reactive and active powers, charge, and d and q axes current controllers, to restrain the maximum frequency deviation and improve the maximum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). An adaptive nonlinear droop control method, integrated with state-of-charge (SOC) feedback, is applied to the active power-frequency control loop. This approach ensures frequency stability, equitable power allocation among various power sources, and mitigating imbalances during voltage dips. The SOC feedback mechanism estimates the battery's state, enabling the BESS to charge or discharge as needed to maintain system frequency within operational limits. The methodologies in this study have been verified by building a modified Vietnamese Tay Nguyen 500/220 kV and IEEE 39-bus systems. All models were performed using DIgSILENT/Power-Factory software. The effectiveness of the proposed method is simulated and compared with the BESS using the CBEST model in PSS/E under considering different scenarios such as a sudden lack of generating capacity or sudden decrement output capacity of renewable energy sources (RES). Results demonstrate that the proposed BESS strategy satisfies the operational frequency requirements specified in Circular No. 25/2016/TT-BCT (dated November 30, 2016) by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam, which regulates transmission power systems. Specifically, the permissible frequency range is from 49.0 to 51.0 Hz; the system achieved a frequency range of 49.5 to 50.5 Hz (reset mode) within 120 sec and successfully recovered to a frequency range of 49.8 to 50.2 Hz (normal operating mode) within 300 sec. These results confirm the strategy's effectiveness in meeting Vietnam's power system requirements and addressing its operational challenges. Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator feedback linearization direct power control linear extended state observer Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6172264","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":426538881,"identity":"3df3d7cc-26d0-4425-a051-3872b891d612","order_by":0,"name":"Tran Viet Thanh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tran","middleName":"Viet","lastName":"Thanh","suffix":""},{"id":426538882,"identity":"abef245e-3ab3-4c4d-a4fc-1f26b2adc0e0","order_by":1,"name":"Le Cao Quyen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"Cao","lastName":"Quyen","suffix":""},{"id":426538883,"identity":"ad6d26e8-78a8-481c-bc78-dde0cd668fda","order_by":2,"name":"DinhThanh Viet","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"DinhThanh","middleName":"","lastName":"Viet","suffix":""},{"id":426538884,"identity":"bf42f967-9191-401d-8a76-1ff45623f57d","order_by":3,"name":"Nguyen Huu Hieu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nguyen","middleName":"Huu","lastName":"Hieu","suffix":""},{"id":426538885,"identity":"332de8f9-5b56-496c-a2fc-7e50813913f7","order_by":4,"name":"Van Dai Le","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPjDJxsDDzwwkGRiYCWthg2mRbCZVC4PBAaK1sPcYfi4os5MxPs5j9oChwjqxQSL3AH4tPGeMpWecS+YxO8xjbsBwJh2oJS8BvxaJtARp3jZmkBYzCca2w4kNPGcM8GuRf5b8m7etnse4GaTlHzFaJJiPAW05zGPADNLSANTC3kNAC0/yMWuec8d5JA6zlUkkHEs3biOkhZ/9YPNtnrJqe/7+w9skPtRYy/Yz8+DXggoSGGAxNQpGwSgYBaOAIgAA8KQ1zNSjEwYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Van","middleName":"Dai","lastName":"Le","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-06 16:23:08","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80558508,"identity":"7076b63e-6f33-4a70-af08-2df9bd703ba4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-14 16:14:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2865660,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BESS.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6172264/v2_covered_17fb5d9f-4bb8-4c6f-a74d-fd670814dd0b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eOptimizing BESS Operations for Frequency Support in Vietnam's Power System with Increasing Renewable Energy Penetration\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator, feedback linearization, direct power control, linear extended state observer","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6172264/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study proposes an optimal control of the battery energy storage system (BESS) to support the frequency in the power system connecting a high penetration rate of renewable energy sources. A frequency regulation algorithm generates a sinusoidal reference signal for the pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme of the DC/AC converter based on voltage magnitude and phase set points. The proposed algorithm uses the control loops, including the frequency, voltage, reactive and active powers, charge, and d and q axes current controllers, to restrain the maximum frequency deviation and improve the maximum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). An adaptive nonlinear droop control method, integrated with state-of-charge (SOC) feedback, is applied to the active power-frequency control loop. This approach ensures frequency stability, equitable power allocation among various power sources, and mitigating imbalances during voltage dips. The SOC feedback mechanism estimates the battery's state, enabling the BESS to charge or discharge as needed to maintain system frequency within operational limits. The methodologies in this study have been verified by building a modified Vietnamese Tay Nguyen 500/220 kV and IEEE 39-bus systems. All models were performed using DIgSILENT/Power-Factory software. The effectiveness of the proposed method is simulated and compared with the BESS using the CBEST model in PSS/E under considering different scenarios such as a sudden lack of generating capacity or sudden decrement output capacity of renewable energy sources (RES). Results demonstrate that the proposed BESS strategy satisfies the operational frequency requirements specified in Circular No. 25/2016/TT-BCT (dated November 30, 2016) by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam, which regulates transmission power systems. Specifically, the permissible frequency range is from 49.0 to 51.0 Hz; the system achieved a frequency range of 49.5 to 50.5 Hz (reset mode) within 120 sec and successfully recovered to a frequency range of 49.8 to 50.2 Hz (normal operating mode) within 300 sec. 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