Inkjet-Printed Wide Range and Highly Linear Signal Processed Systematic Humidity Sensor Array Based on Methylene Blue and Graphene Nanocomposite

Inkjet-Printed Wide Range and Highly Linear Signal Processed Systematic Humidity Sensor Array Based on Methylene Blue and Graphene Nanocomposite | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Inkjet-Printed Wide Range and Highly Linear Signal Processed Systematic Humidity Sensor Array Based on Methylene Blue and Graphene Nanocomposite Muhammad Umair Khan, Gul Hassan, Rayyan Ali Shaukat, Qazi Muhammad Saqib, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Aug, 2021 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper proposes a signal processed systematic humidity sensor 3×3 array with all range and highly linear humidity response based on different particle size nanocomposite inks and different interspaces of interdigital electrodes (IDEs) (300, 200, and 100 µm). The fabricated sensors are patterned through a commercial inkjet printer by utilizing nanocomposites of methylene blue and graphene with three different particle sizes of bulk Graphene Flakes (BGF), Graphene Flakes (GF), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD), which are employed as an active layer on three types of IDEs with different interspaces of 300, 200, and 100 µm. From 3×3 sensor array, all range linear function (0-100% RH) is achieved by applying linear combination method of nine sensors in signal processing field, where weights for linear combination are required, which are estimated by the least square solution. The humidity sensing array shows a fast response time (T res ) of 0.2 sec and recovery time (T rec ) of 0.4 sec. From the results, the proposed humidity sensor array opens a new gateway for a wide range of humidity sensing applications with a linear function. Nanoscience Humidity sensor array graphene with different particle sizes Methylene Blue graphene flakes graphene quantum dots Interdigital electrode Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Full Text Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Aug, 2021 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 06 Jun, 2021 Reviews received at journal 11 Apr, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Mar, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Mar, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Mar, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 20 Dec, 2020 Editor invited by journal 18 Dec, 2020 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Dec, 2020 First submitted to journal 17 Dec, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-131189","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":6733039,"identity":"8691b893-6af9-4272-8713-c29870c949b3","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Umair Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Umair","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":6733041,"identity":"1d5b5943-05f9-4e89-912d-52f4ce24c8d2","order_by":1,"name":"Gul Hassan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"International Islamic University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gul","middleName":"","lastName":"Hassan","suffix":""},{"id":6733043,"identity":"611f905b-fc11-4d29-92b5-6d9df228484d","order_by":2,"name":"Rayyan Ali Shaukat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rayyan","middleName":"Ali","lastName":"Shaukat","suffix":""},{"id":6733046,"identity":"1e3c81cc-8c04-4999-b0d7-374ba871572e","order_by":3,"name":"Qazi Muhammad Saqib","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qazi","middleName":"Muhammad","lastName":"Saqib","suffix":""},{"id":6733047,"identity":"4bebff3a-51c8-47d9-8c4c-8874f46311b0","order_by":4,"name":"Mahesh Chougale","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Chougale","suffix":""},{"id":6733049,"identity":"c121de82-ebc9-456e-a456-aecb93c9ab43","order_by":5,"name":"Jungmin Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jungmin","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":6733050,"identity":"b81cd370-53cf-4a5d-9b28-c5987d207136","order_by":6,"name":"Jinho Bae","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAyA2ZqhgY2BsgIpIEKflDKlamBnbkEQIajFnP3yguHAenxzzjNxjEgw1dgySsw/g12LZk5ZgPHMbmzHjjLw0CYZjyQzSfAkEHHYgx8CYdxtbYuOMHDMJBrYDDHI8BBxmcP79B2PeOWz1EC3/iNFyI4fBmLeBLYERpIWx7QCDNCEtljOeGRjzHGMzbOx5Y2yR2JfMI9lDQIs5f/IzY56aY/KG7TmGNz58s5OTOENACxCwAePmGINhA5CZwMBAyFlgwPyAgaGGQZ4YpaNgFIyCUTAyAQBE3Ti/lyxBkgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Jeju National University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinho","middleName":"","lastName":"Bae","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-12-18 03:58:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6","type":"published","date":"2021-08-17T15:04:29+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":4423240,"identity":"40aee23c-e846-4253-bfeb-aad65c08de1a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:42:02","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":383394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) The ink preparation of graphene different particles size with MB. (b) Fabrication IDEs 3×3 humidity sensor array using the DMP-3000 inkjet printer. (c) Realized image of the fabricated sensor array. (d) Fabrication of the sensing active layer using a spin coater. (e) Fabricated 3×3 humidity sensor array showing IDEs spacing and coated ink on each column.","description":"","filename":"Fig01.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/d1b960e730257f2857c570ab.png"},{"id":4423098,"identity":"2705bd41-9b21-4a0c-9a9c-82e6d3865175","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:39:02","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":169942,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Sensing mechanism, (b) cross-sectional view of the electric potential applied on IDEs, and (c) 3D view of an electric field.","description":"","filename":"Fig02.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/98b1683080388e5a500fc087.png"},{"id":4423096,"identity":"cb75f140-e643-4429-9876-9439f9db2080","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:39:01","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":335715,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) EDS spot profile of graphene shows C peak and (b) EDS mapped image showing C K series. Surface morphology of nanocomposite film, (a) MB/BGF at 5 µm showing graphene flasks in bulk form in a nanocomposite film, (b) MB/GF nanocomposite film, and (c) MB/GQD film at a magnification of 5 µm, respectively. The 2D Nano profile of nanocomposite films, (d) MB/BGF, (e) MB/G, and (f) MB/GQD to confirm the surface roughness.","description":"","filename":"Fig03.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/a606f9a62cbac9801d4f43b0.png"},{"id":4423241,"identity":"f34349a3-2ae2-4f4e-860c-eadbd16b99bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:42:02","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":311314,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The 3×3 humidity sensing array showing sensors as following row 1 (a) HR1C1, (b) HR1C2, (c) HR1C3 with 300 μm. The row 2 contain following sensors (d) HR2C1 (e) HR2C2 (f) HR2C3 with 200 μm. The row 3 contain following sensors (d) HR3C1 (e) HR3C2 (f) HR3C3 with 100 μm.","description":"","filename":"Fig04.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/18c13e8c714923d2fa4faa4f.png"},{"id":4423099,"identity":"e6ea672d-f328-4378-a137-a35e79db218e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:39:02","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":189754,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a) Schematic diagram to find an RH value from the measured data of the proposed sensor array. (b) For all range linear function, comparison the ideal linear curve and the plotted estimated function by using the calculated estimate weight values (∂) in Figure S10 of the supplementary information. (c) f(z) to find relative humidity.","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/a9a8e0f96eaad84f8092e85e.png"},{"id":4423100,"identity":"9b2d4917-ba74-4a02-b765-1c0af8ea8b6b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:39:02","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2057902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Impedance response of parallel combination of (a) column 1, (b) column 2 and (c) column 3, (d) row 1, (e) row 2, and (f) row 3.","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/f0defc74acb4bc22e5d69d5f.png"},{"id":4423243,"identity":"e6102548-7623-4d45-926f-7cd67264723f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:42:02","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":342357,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Transient response of (a) column 1, (b) column 2, (c) column 3, (d) row 1, (e) row 2, and (f) row 3.","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/ed05b55adcc7e4aae722a7ba.png"},{"id":13638850,"identity":"0e6969f7-6e4b-46c0-a01f-0609a574522f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 08:52:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3082699,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/8c6ae511-8f7d-4233-a617-c07aeda6cc9d.pdf"},{"id":4423104,"identity":"d1165001-7c46-4d22-bad7-607bd5b33764","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-21 19:39:05","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6204437,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryInformation.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-131189/v1/1b46c69d14529a69fc09efa3.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eInkjet-Printed Wide Range and Highly Linear Signal Processed Systematic Humidity Sensor Array Based on Methylene Blue and Graphene Nanocomposite\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-131189/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Humidity sensor array, graphene with different particle sizes, Methylene Blue, graphene flakes, graphene quantum dots, Interdigital electrode","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper proposes a signal processed systematic humidity sensor 3×3 array with all range and highly linear humidity response based on different particle size nanocomposite inks and different interspaces of interdigital electrodes (IDEs) (300, 200, and 100 µm). The fabricated sensors are patterned through a commercial inkjet printer by utilizing nanocomposites of methylene blue and graphene with three different particle sizes of bulk Graphene Flakes (BGF), Graphene Flakes (GF), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD), which are employed as an active layer on three types of IDEs with different interspaces of 300, 200, and 100 µm. From 3×3 sensor array, all range linear function (0-100% RH) is achieved by applying linear combination method of nine sensors in signal processing field, where weights for linear combination are required, which are estimated by the least square solution. The humidity sensing array shows a fast response time (T\u003csub\u003eres\u003c/sub\u003e) of 0.2 sec and recovery time (T\u003csub\u003erec\u003c/sub\u003e) of 0.4 sec. From the results, the proposed humidity sensor array opens a new gateway for a wide range of humidity sensing applications with a linear function.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Inkjet-Printed Wide Range and Highly Linear Signal Processed Systematic Humidity Sensor Array Based on Methylene Blue and Graphene Nanocomposite","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-12-21 19:39:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-131189/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2021-06-07T03:56:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-04-11T07:39:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"1ae32cf7-e502-4f7b-92db-2456028c9065","date":"2021-03-18T06:41:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"08a79ab9-ecd6-4ba3-942b-d62a49f60e00","date":"2021-03-09T03:27:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-03-05T09:26:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-12-20T13:41:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-12-18T13:53:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-12-18T13:10:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2020-12-18T03:46:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"69da78c1-8b9d-4977-b743-fcfc9157630e","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 21st, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":1572055,"name":"Nanoscience"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-29T15:10:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-131189","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2021-08-17 15:04:29","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 17th, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2020-12-21 19:39:00","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95977-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-131189","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-131189","identity":"rs-131189","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}