Acceptance of an immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Acceptance of an immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Acceptance of an immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Wondossen Teklesilassie Geberemariam, Baize Mekonnen, Hussen Mekonnen Asfaw This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Despite the post-partum intrauterine device being highly effective, inexpensive, non-hormonal, and reversible its acceptance is very low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Considering the importance of the use of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptives is a valuable means to keep women and children healthy. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of an immediate post-partum contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Method A health institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 336 women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa from the beginning of February to March 2021. Information was gathered by using interviewers administered questionnaires. Data were double entered in Epidata version 4.6 statistical package, cleaned, and exported to IBM SPSS statistics version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to predict the association of outcome variables and adjusted for possible confounders Result Overall, a total of 42 (12.5%) of women accepted to use the immediate use of post-partum intrauterine devices. Woman's employment status such as (Private employees (AOR = 4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P < 0.018), daily laborer (AOR = 7.373, 95% CI: (1.534–35.433) (P < 0.013), student (AOR = 11.004, 95% CI: (1.602–75.572) (P < 0.015)), and monthly income of the mother Birr greater than 7,901.00 (AOR = 6.589, 95%CI: (1.736–25.009) (P < 0.006) were found to accept the immediate post-partum contraceptive device than women with monthly income of less than Birr 3,200 and less. Conclusion The acceptance of an immediate intrauterine contraceptive device among women giving birth in the study areas was low. Public Awareness by using different communication menses and tarnishing of health care workers were recommended. Acceptance Immediate postpartum Intrauterine contraceptive device women health facility Ethiopia Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Family planning is a crucial basic human right for the well-being of women, families, and communities (1) Contraception acceptance and use, as well as safer sexual habits, are improved by post-partum family planning and empowerment programs. Rapid and uncontrolled population growth is one of the most significant concerns facing rising countries (2)(3) The immediate intrauterine contraceptive system is extremely effective during the postpartum period, immediately reversible after termination, non-hormonal, long-acting contraception that can be started within 10 minutes or up to 48 hours after the third stage of labor and is safe for the majority of postpartum women. Although the majority of women did not wish to become pregnant shortly after giving delivery, there were no particular details about postpartum contraceptive use. According to the report, women who do not use contraception are responsible for 86 percent of unexpected postpartum pregnancies, and abortion is utilized to end 88 percent of pregnancies (4) In the first year following birth, the Postpartum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device is used to prevent unexpected and closely spaced pregnancies. During family planning approaches, the mother and couples are strongly driven during the postpartum time, exposed to unplanned, unwanted pregnancy, and having an adverse consequence of pregnancy termination, early labor, PPH, underweight infant, fetal death, and maternal morbidity. In most healthcare institutions, intrauterine contraception is readily available. However, IUCD is poorly accepted by their spouse or family members due to denial, misinformation, or fear of associated difficulties(5)(6)(7) Pregnancy-related maternal fatalities are disproportionately and unjustly rising. Globally, 295,000 women died during pregnancy and the postpartum period including childbirth in 2017 owing to pregnancy-related Causes. In 2020, the world population is expected to grow at a rate of roughly 1.05 percent per year, with an average annual increase of 81 million people. High population growth rates put pressure on developing countries infrastructure, expansion, housing, health care, educational facilities, work prospects, and efforts to reduce maternal and infant mortality(8). It accounts for 86% of global maternal deaths, including in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in developing countries (9) The ratio of maternal mortality in Ethiopia was also estimated at 412 per 100,000 live births in EDHs 2016, which is volatile during labor and delivery, and postpartum time. In Ethiopia, the highest TFR (Total Fertility Rate) is 4.6%, given such unregulated population growth and its effect on society's socio-economic development, great emphasis has been put on family planning, which plays a major role in reducing fertility worldwide. However, the unmet need for FP is 22% (10) The prevalence rate of contraceptives is 15%, that estimated approximately 16% of married couples in Nigeria have an unmet need for contraception, either for spacing births or to limit births, and are at risk of unintended pregnancy. Among users of contraception, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are commonly used for family planning in Nigeria (11) Short pregnancy and birth periods are correlated with abortion and negative health complications, premature labor, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), low birth weight infants, neonatal death, and suggest growth and development and malnutrition (12). In comparison to developed countries, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher in developing countries. Sexual, family planning and reproductive health care are also required to prevent unplanned pregnancy (13). The study conducted in Ruanda indicated that health education of mothers and partners on PPIUCD, training of health care providers, and availability of supplies to provide PPIUCD influenced the use of PPIUCD (14). However, the use of IUCD is still very low in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ethiopia where the level of fertility and unmet need for family planning is high (15)(16) In general, it can be concluded from the above-mentioned discussion that, relative to other methods, The acceptance of PPIUCD is very low, and given the lack of understanding of the reasons for the stagnation or decrease in the use of IUCD in Ethiopia, the primary goal of this study was to identify the gap to address the rate of acceptance and the factors that affect the acceptance of PPIUCD during the immediate delivered postpartum women for the use of PPIUCD and the facts of the analysis in the study area. . Methods Study area The study was carried out in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. According, to the World Population Review 2024; the city population was over 4.8 million people and a growth rate of 4.4%. Addis Ababa has 13 government hospitals spread across 11 sub-cities (five federal hospitals, six under the Addis Ababa health bureau, and two hospitals used by the uniformed community. Based on the lottery process, the hospitals can pick. Therefore, the current study was picking Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, ALERT Referral Hospital, St. Peter Specialized Hospital, and Gandhi Memorial Hospital. All public hospitals provide free family planning and prenatal (Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal) services including intrauterine contraceptive devices. Study design and sampling procedures An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, from the beginning of February to the end of March 2021. The sample size was determined using a single population formula with the assumption of factors associated with the uptake of the immediate contraceptive devices being 28.1% (14) with a 5% level of significance, and a margin of error of 0.05, with the addition of a 10% non-response rate. With these assumptions, the minimum required sample size is 341. The sample size for different factors was calculated and the highest sample size 341 was taken to minimize sampling errors. Respondents were selected principally using lottery methods. Initially, unique identification numbers were given to each public hospital. Secondly, A total of four public hospitals were selected by lottery methods, then the proportion of sample size allocations was carried out according to the patient load in each public hospital. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study subjects from the selected sites. Data Collection procedures Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data collection tools were adopted from previous similar studies (3) (14) (17), and adapted to the local context. The data collectors and supervisors were recruited based on their previous experience in data collection, relevance of qualification (BSc in midwifery); and ability of the local language. Training was given for three consultive days to make them familiar with the tool and interview techniques. Emphasis was given to ethical issues, privacy, and safety of the study subjects and the interviewers. The data collection tools were pre-tested in the randomly selected hospital out of the study site on 10% of the total sample size. A field work manual was developed by the principal investigator and used by all research teams. To ensure the quality of the data and minimize inter-interviewer variation, about 5% of the respondents were reinterviewed at random by the principal investigator and supervisors and checked for consistency. In addition, daily cheek and follow up were done by the supervisors and investigator Measurement The primary outcome variable was self-reported acceptance of to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PIUCD). Accepted to use PPIUCD to delay or to avoid pregnancy immediately after delivery?” women were free to respond “yes” or “No”. variables known to be associated with acceptance were included in the analysis to provide an adjusted estimate of association Covariates included age, education, income, occupation, and marital status. Obstetric characteristics such as antenatal care visits, mode of delivery, use of family planning, number of pregnancies, number of living children, and desire to have children. PPIUCD: - Immediate postpartum IUCD insertion into the maternal uterus/womb after post-placental delivery, administered within 10 minutes to 48 hours by either SVD or CS (3). Knowledge of women about PPIUCD -The total number of responses to 6 information objects, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 6, was calculated. It was categorized as "high" to quantify the information based on the percentage of people who knew 80 percent or more of the different qualities immediately PPIUCD, "moderate" to those who knew 60–79 percent, and "low" to those who knew less than 60 percent (17) (18). Attitude on PPIUCD: - The attitude of immediate PPIUCD was grouped and submitted by using the “Likert scale”. To measure the attitude of immediate PPIUCD was assigned into two categories favorable attitude- women who score above the mean and unfavorable attitude those women who score the mean or below the mean to the attitude items (17)(18) Data analysis The completeness of the questionnaire collected was manually reviewed, coded, and double entered into EpiData version 4.6 software, to check its consistency then exported to SPSS for Windows version 25 for statistical analysis used were percentage, frequency, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables found to be ( P < 0.05 at the bivariate level were selected and included in the multiple logistic regression analysis model to calculate the adjusted Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval to estimate association and to control the potential confounding variables. The strength and direction of the association were presented using odds ratios relative to the reference category and 95% confidence levels. Ethical considerations The research was approved for scientific and ethical integrity by the Institutional Review Board of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, and the Addis Ababa Public Health Research and Emergency Management Directorate, Addis Ababa City Government Health Bureau. Written permission was obtained from the health bureau of the Addis Ababa city government. Consent was obtained from medical directors and respective unit heads at each health institution. Verbal consent was also obtained from individual clients. To make an informed decision, sufficient information was given to each participant. Confidentiality was strictly maintained for each piece of information and the interview was conducted in a strict private, well-lighted, ventilated, and clean place to respect their dignity and confidentiality. At the end of the interview general information, referral, and follow-up linkages were made for those who need. Finally, we declare this study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULT Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants A total of 341 clients were approached for participation (Table 1 ), of whom 336 (98.5%) respondents consented to participate in the study. One hundred forty-five (43.2%) of the respondents were in the age range of 25–29 years. The mean age of the participants was 27.26 years ( ± 5 SD). Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of women who gave birth in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n = 336 Variables Frequency Percentage (%) Residency Addis Ababa 258 76.8 Outside Addis Ababa 78 23.2 Age \(\le 19\) 14 4.2 20–24 89 26.5 25–29 145 43.2 30–34 54 16.1 \(\ge\) 35 34 10.1 Religion Orthodox 169 50.30 Muslim 103 30.70 Protestant 37 11.00 Catholic 27 8.00 Marital status Married 302 89.9 Single 19 5.7 Divorced 8 2.4 Widowed 7 2.1 Educational status of the mothers No education 64 19 Primary (1–8) 108 32.1 High school (9–12) 99 29.5 College and above 65 19.3 Educational status of the husband (n = 307) No education 27 8 Elementary (1–8) 92 27.4 High school (9–12) 98 29.2 College and above 90 26.8 Occupation Housewife 134 39.9 Governmental work 42 13.5 Private worker 105 31.3 Daily laborer 37 11 Student 18 5.4 Monthly income (in ETB) ( \(\le \text{3,200}\) 134 39.9 3,201-5,250 127 37.8 5,251–7900 36 10.7 \((\ge\) 7,901 39 11.6 More than half of the study participants 169 (50.30%) were orthodox and 302 (89.9%) participants were married. One hundred eight (32.1%) were elementary (1–8 grade) completed and 134 (39.9%) were housewives. The mean monthly income of the study participants was 4,209.60 ( \(\pm\) 2449.38 SD) with a minimum and maximum monthly income of 400 and 1600 respectively (Table 1 ) Obstetric characteristics of the participants Of 336 participants 309 (92%) had ANC visits to either a health center or hospital. Concerning previous family planning methods, 190 (56.5%) were used; however, 146 (43.5%) were not. Among previous family planning consumers, the majority of the participants were used injectable 109 (32.4%) and Implanon/Jaddle 58 (17.3%). The mean number of pregnancies, number of children alive, and future children desires were 2.54 ( \(\pm 1.596)\) , 2.08 ( \(\pm 1.239),\) and 3.32 ( \(\pm 1.275)\) respectively (Table 2 ). Table 2 obstetrics characteristics of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n = 336 ) Variable Category Frequency Percentage (%) Antenatal care (ANC) visits Yes 309 92 No 27 8 Number of visits One time 24 7.1 Two time 44 13.1 Three-time 39 11.6 Four-time 120 35.7 Five and above 82 24.4 Mode of delivery SVD 217 64.6 CS 119 35.4 History of previous FP method usage** Yes 190 56.5 No 146 43.5 Natural family planning 26 7.7 Intra uterine contraceptive devise (IUCD) 29 8.6 Pills 58 17.3 Condom 21 6.3 Implanon/Jaddle 58 17.3 Injectable 109 32.4 Decision on the Number of pregnancies to have Wife 95 28.3 Husband 62 18.5 Both 179 53.3 Number of pregnancies 1–2 187 55.7 3–4 118 35.1 \(\ge\) 5 31 9.2 Number of children alive 1–2 248 73.8 3–4 73 21.7 \(\ge\) 5 15 4.5 Status of pregnancy Planned 235 69.9 Unplanned 101 30.1 Number of future pregnancy desire 1–2 74 22 3–4 223 66.4 \(\ge\) 5 39 11.6 N.B; ** More than one option was possible Awareness of the participants towards immediate PPIUCD The greater number 218 (64.9%) of the participants reported that they had ever heard about immediate PPIUCD and the source of information for the majority of the participants were health professionals 136 (40.5%) and mass media 112 (33.3%). And women who had ever heard IUCD can be inserted immediately after delivery was 128 (38.1%), but 96 (28.6%) of the women from the participants had not ever heard (Table 3 ). Table 3 Awareness of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n = 336) Variable Category Frequency Percentage (%) Have you ever heard about IUCD Yes 218 64.9 No 118 35.1 Source of information about PPIUCD Neighbors/friends/relatives 63 18.8 Health professional 136 40.5 Mass media 112 33.3 Husband 25 7.4 Have you ever heard IUCD inserted immediately after delivery Yes 128 38.1 No 96 28.6 N.B: more than one answer was possible Knowledge of the participants towards immediate PPIUCD usage This study report showed that 130 (38.7%) of the participants had low knowledge, 30 (8.9%) had moderate knowledge, and 64 (19%) of the participant women had high knowledge about PPIUCD. One hundred twenty-eight (38.1%) of women know that IUCD prevents unwanted pregnancy for at least 3 years. One hundred twenty-seven (37.8%) of women know that IUCD is immediately reversible after termination at any time and the majority of the women 137 (40.8%) of women know that IUCD is family planning method that can be put into the uterine (Table 4 ) Table 4 Knowledge of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n = 336) Variable Category Frequency Percentage (%) Do you know IUCD prevents unintended pregnancies for at least three years? Yes 128 38.1 No 32 9.5 Don’t know 64 19 Do you know IUCD is a contraceptive that can be inserted into the uterine? Yes 137 40.8 No 51 15.2 Don’t know 36 10.7 Do you know IUCD has a low chance of being transferred sexually transmitted disease? Yes 91 27.1 No 42 12.5 Don’t know 91 27.1 Do you know IUCD has no interference with sexual intercourse? Yes 112 33.3 No 38 11.3 Don’t know 94 22 Do you know IUCD can be reversed immediately after termination? Yes 127 37.8 No 44 13.1 Don’t know 53 15.8 Do you know IUCD does not cause cervical cancer? Yes 97 28.9 No 42 12.5 Don’t know 85 25.3 The overall knowledge level of the women about immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices The majority of the participants 130 (38.7%) had low knowledge, sixty-four (19%) had high knowledge, and 30 (8.9%) women had moderate knowledge (Fig. 1 ). The acceptance of immediate PPIUCD This study report showed that of the total participants 42 (12.5%) accepted to use PPIUCD immediately after delivery, on the other hand, the majority of the participants 294 (87.5%) rejected to accept PPIUCD (Fig. 2 ). The main reason for rejecting immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices was reported the following. The majority of the women, did not have a preferred method 142 (42.3%), fear of side effects 132 (39.3%), and lack of awareness about PPIUCD 118 (35.1%) (Fig. 3 ). Women's attitude towards immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices ( PPIUCD) To report the women’s level attitude on the acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD, the women asked logical and serious questions that measured the opinion to accept immediate PPIUCD. After recording the variable, the score of the Likert scale ranged from 1 = strongly agrees to 5 = strongly disagree due to negative questions. The mean score of the attitude was 15.5 so, by using this cut-point, above the mean favorable attitude and below the mean unfavorable attitude. This study report showed that 145 (43.2%) were favorable attitudes, while 191 (56.8%) were unfavorable attitudes of immediately delivered women towards acceptance of PPIUCD (Fig. 4 ). Factors associated with acceptance of immediate Post Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devise In the adjusted analysis maternal education, occupation, and monthly income were found to be associated with acceptance of immediate postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive devices. Immediate post-partum women who were elementary (1–8) educated were less likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were college and above educated (AOR = 0.160, 95% CI: (0.040–0.649) (P < 0.010). on the other hand, Immediate post-partum women who were private employees (AOR = 4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P < 0.018), daily laborers (AOR = 7.373, 95% CI:(1.534–35.433) (P < 0.013), and students (AOR = 11.004, 95% CI: (1.602–75.572) (P < 0.015) were more likely to accept than women who were housewives Immediate postpartum women who had monthly income of Birr 3201–5250, (AOR = 4.731, 95% CI: (1.497–14.949) (P < 0.008), Birr 5251–7900, (AOR = 5.712, 95% CI: (1.489–21.910) (P < 0.011) and maternal monthly income greater than Birr 7901 (AOR = 6.589, 95% CI: (1.736–25.009) (P < 0.006), were more likely to accept immediate PPIUCD than those who were monthly income less than Birr 3200 (Table 5 ). Table 5 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the acceptance and associated factors of immediate PPIUCD among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 336). Variable Accepted to use PPIUCD COR95% CI AOR95%CI Yes No Maternal education Illiterate 5 59 0.155(0.054–0.440) * 0.457(0.10-2.084) Primary (1–8) 5 103 0.089(0.032–0.249) * 0.160(0.040–0.649) ** Secondary (9–12) 9 90 0.183(.078-0.429) * 0.318(0.095–1.068) ≥ college 23 42 1 1 Occupation Housewife 5 129 1 1 Governmental employee 12 30 10.320(3.380-31.514) * 3.384(0.791–14.473 Private 15 90 4.300(1.509–12.255) * 4.269(1.280-14.234) ** Daily laborer 5 32 4.031(1.100-14.771) * 7.373(1.534–35.433) ** Student 5 13 9.923(2.535–38.837) * 11.004(1.602–75.572) ** Monthly Income (in ETB) =7901 9 30 6.400(2.116–19.359* 6.589(1.736–41.806) ** DISCUSSION Controlling and stabilizing the population is essential for the country's socioeconomic and social development. As a result, in a low-resource country like Ethiopia, the available contraceptive methods, especially long-acting ones like IUCD, are very feasible and cost-effective. This study aimed to find out how many women in public hospitals were accepted to use immediate PPIUCD and what factors influenced their decision. The acceptance rate and its related factors of immediate PPIUCD were found to be low in this research relative to other previous studies that were conducted in the different study areas. The most common reasons for rejecting immediate PPIUCD were not being a woman's preferred form 142 (42.3%), fear of side effects 132 (39.3%), and lack of knowledge about PPIUCD 118 (35.1%). This result was backed up by a study conducted in the Ambo area, West Shoa District, Oromia Region, which found that women preferred the method 32.5% of the time, were fear of side effects 29.6% of the time, and were lack of awareness about PPIUCD 24.5% of the time (18). The overall acceptance rate to use immediate PPIUCD and its associated factors was 12.5%. This finding was very low as compared to the study conducted in north India, primary health center, (39%) (19). also in Marathwada region, India (25%) (7). and in Rwanda a mixed-method study (28.1%) (14). This variance in acceptance rate may be due to the study setting, emphasis on actual use (usage) rather than intended use (intention), health care education access, counseling at ANC regarding PPIUCD, level of understanding, availability of IUCD due to Covid-19, various PPIUCD myths, sample size, and socio-demographic characteristics variation. In this study, the acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD was influenced by maternal education. The acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD was significantly associated among women who had primary (1–8) education attended 84% less likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than those who were women education attended college and above (AOR = 0.160, 95% CI: (0.040–0.649) (P < 0.010). This was in line with the findings of the 2016 EDHS, which found that (49%) of currently married women were not using contraceptive methods and 2% were uncertain. Contraceptive use increased dramatically with the level of education, with at least 51% of women with higher education using family planning, compared to 31% of women with no education (10) and inconsistent with Ruanda those mothers who had attended tertiary education 3 times more likely to have uptake to use immediate PPIUCD than mothers who had no education and Bahir Dar in which mothers who were college and above were 21.24 times higher for IUCD relative to women who were unable to read and write but mothers who were primary education 8.08 times higher as compared to read and write and Ambo those mothers who were diploma and above are 3 times more likely to involve than with no education (14)(18) This could be because education influences health behavior; educated women are more empowered to decide on fertility control, need to discuss contraceptive issues openly, have a better understanding of how to use PPIUCD, and can speculate on risk and benefit issues; and the possible reason for variation could be due to the study setting, sample size differences, or socio-demographic differences. The finding of maternal occupation to immediately delivered women who worked private employers and private workers, daily laborers and students were 4 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewives (AOR = 4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P < 0.018), 7 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewife (AOR = 7.373, 95% CI:(1.534–35.433) (P < 0.013) and 11 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewife (AOR = 11.004, 95% CI: (1.602–75.572) (P < 0.015) respectively. This finding was supported by the finding that was done in Ambo town which was private employers (18). However, daily laborers and students were also significantly associated in this research, which may be attributed to socio-demographic differences and occupation status (in Addis Ababa many women work as daily laborers due to the large city but in Ambo few women can participate as a daily laborer and similarly many reproductive-age women have scholarship chance including the extension in Addis Ababa). The participant’s monthly income contributes to immediate PPIUCD insertion. In this study women who were a monthly income increase (higher monthly income) were more likely to use immediate PPIUCD than women who had a low monthly income. Participants with monthly incomes of 3201–5250, 5251–7900, and women with monthly incomes greater than 7901 were 5 times more often accepted to use immediate PPIUCD when compared with those who were monthly income less than 3200 (AOR = 4.731, 95% CI: (1.497–14.949) (P < 0.008), 6 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women monthly income less than 3200 (AOR = 5.712, 95% CI: (1.489–21.910) (P < 0.011) and monthly income greater than 7901 were 7 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than participants monthly income less than 3200 (AOR = 6.589, 95% CI: (1.736–25.009) (P < 0.006) significantly associated to the acceptance rate and factors associated to PPIUCD respectively. This finding highly increased congruently to EDHS 2016, modern contraceptive usage increases income this was 20% for mothers in the lowest wealth to 47% for mothers in the highest income (10). and also congruent to that of the study done in Ambo town (18). The reason may be due to better wealth women get the best exposure to contraceptive methods due to access to IUCD everywhere including private clinics and a better understanding of PPIUCD. In addition to the above, the current study also revealed that accepting to use of immediate PPIUCD increased significantly among women with favorable (positive) attitudes. This was an attitude (43.2%) that was favorable, but 56.8% were unfavorable attitude due to this report majority of participants had a negative attitude about PPIUCD. Participants who had favorable (positive) attitudes about PPIUCD were 14 times more likely to accept to use of PPIUCD (AOR = 14.457, 95% CI: (4.999–41.806) (P < 0.000) than women with unfavorable (negative) attitudes. This finding was higher than the study done in Mekele town women who had a positive approach to long-acting reversible contraception (20). This disparity may be attributed to attitudes, perceptions of the advantages and complications of PPIUCD providing counseling, socio-demographic differences in a study subject, setting area, and sample size. Our study has various limitations; the cross-sectional nature of the study may make it difficult to determine the direction of the correlation between study variables, and the association can only be discussed in terms of plausible explanations. There was a danger of social desirability bias. The study was limited to the public facilities. Hence, it does not represent the proportion of acceptance to use immediate PPIUCD in private health facilities and governmental health centers and does not include the general community This study's merits include the use of a random sampling technique with a high sample size. Again, precautions were taken when selecting experienced data collectors. In conclusion, the acceptance of PPICD is low, the main reason is fear of side effects. Occupation, educational background, and monthly income of women were found to be associated with acceptance of postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive devices among women in the study area. Finally, public awareness using different communication channels to increase knowledge and acceptance of women and future research should investigate the potential influence of acceptance among women including the private sector users. Further analytical studies are recommended to identify the acceptance and discontinuous with follow-up. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AOR: adjusted odds ratio, ANC antenatal care CS: Cesarean section, EDHS: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; HMIS: Health Management Information system, IUCD: Intrauterine contraceptive device, LACD: Long-acting contraceptive device, PPF: Post part-time family planning, PPH: Postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding), PPIUCD: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device, SVD: Spontaneous abortion, TASH: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, WHO: World Health Organizations, Declarations ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Addis Abeba University for supporting the study. We would like to thank all the study subjects for sharing such valuable information. We also thank all data collectors who participated in the process. Competing interests We declare that there are no financial or nonfinancial competing interests related to this study Funding This work was funded by Addis Ababa University, the funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data or in writing the manuscript Author’s Contribution WTG selected the title, wrote the proposal (conceptualized and designed the study), facilitated the data collection, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript paper. HMA approved the title, the proposal, and the thesis with some revisions. BM approved the proposal and thesis with some revisions. All the authors participated in developing tools, and data analysis, were involved in report write-up, read and revised drafts of the paper, and reviewed and approved the manuscript Author’s Information WTG: MSc and clinical staff at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, and MSc fellowship at Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia HMA: Ph.D. and Assistant Professor at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, department of preventive medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BM: MSc in maternity and Reproductive health and PhD fellow, Lecturer at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Availability of data All relevant data are within the paper. The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon reasonable request. It is part of Masters thesis available in Addis Ababa Repository URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/29149 References Kanhere A, Pateriya P, Jain M. Acceptability and Feasibility of Immediate post-partum IUCD insertion in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(1):1. Gabriel ID, Tudorache Ștefania, Vlădăreanu S, Oprescu ND, Mureșan MC, Drăgușin RC, et al. Birth Control and Family Planning Using Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). Fam Plann. 2018; Gonie A, Worku C, Assefa T, Bogale D, Girma A. Acceptability and factors associated with post-partum IUCD use among women who gave birth at bale zone health facilities, Southeast-Ethiopia. Contracept Reprod Med. 2018;3(1):1–8. Rana M, Atri SK, Chib V, Kumari N. Postpartum intrauterine contraception device, a method of contraception: A study from rural north India. Int J Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;3(1):169–73. Deshpande S, Gadappa S, Yelikar K, Wanjare N, Andurkar S, Professor A, et al. Awareness, acceptability and clinical outcome of post-placental insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device in Marathwada region, India. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2017;4(1):77–82. Gujju R, Prasad U, Prasad U. Study on the acceptance, complications and continuation rate of post-partum family planning using the post placental intrauterine contraceptive device among women delivering at a tertiary care hospital. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(2):388. Sharma A, Gupta V. A study of awareness and factors affecting acceptance of PPIUCD in South-East Rajasthan. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2017;4(8):2706. Castiglioni M, Dalla-Zuanna G TM. Post-transitional Demography and Convergence: What Can We Learn from Half a Century of World Population Prospects? Developments in Demographic Forecasting: Springer,Chem. 2020;63–7. World Health Organization. Maternal mortality Evidence brief. 2020;(1):1–4. Bekele T, Rahman B, Rawstorne P. The effect of access to water, sanitation and handwashing facilities on child growth indicators: Evidence from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(9 September):1–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239313 Ezugwu EC, Achara JI, Ezugwu OC EH. Acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women attending antenatal care in a low-resource setting in Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;148(2):181-6. Menon RM IM. Impact of body mass index on pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study. Paripex-Indian J Res. 2018;8(2). Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G. Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(4):e380–9. Kanakuze CA, Kaye DK, Musabirema P, Nkubito P, Mbalinda SN. Factors associated with the uptake of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) in Rwanda: a mixed methods study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1–11. Animen S, Lake S, Mekuriaw E. Utilization of intra uterine contraceptive device and associated factors among reproductive age group of family planning users in Han Health Center, Bahir Dar, North West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2018;11(1):1–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-4032-z Zenebe CB, Adefris M, Yenit MK, Gelaw YA. Factors associated with utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods among women who have decided not to have more children in Gondar city. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):1–7. Alemayehu M, Belachew T, Tilahun T. Factors associated with utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Mekelle town, Tigray region, north Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12. Gurmessa Daba, Jembere Tesfaye Deressa WS. Assessment of intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in ambo town public health institutions, Ethiopia, 2018. Contracept Reprod Med. 2021;6(1):10. Kant S, Archana S, Singh A, Ahamed F, Haldar P. Acceptance rate, probability of follow-up, and expulsion of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device offered at two primary health centers, North India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):770. Gebremichael H. Acceptance of Long Acting Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors among Women in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. Sci J Public Heal. 2014;2(4):349. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4429728","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":308200149,"identity":"b26ecd4b-8364-4eca-9424-7be987b22594","order_by":0,"name":"Wondossen Teklesilassie Geberemariam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wondossen","middleName":"Teklesilassie","lastName":"Geberemariam","suffix":""},{"id":308200154,"identity":"dd090875-152e-4cdc-a84b-5fce9b5bc237","order_by":1,"name":"Baize Mekonnen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Baize","middleName":"","lastName":"Mekonnen","suffix":""},{"id":308200155,"identity":"bf9d3200-767b-4a54-8c21-0c1df9011379","order_by":2,"name":"Hussen Mekonnen Asfaw","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAx0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAxhDgr2BgZlELTwHSNYikUCkFnOJ9McfPu5giJac+cbwc0GFDQN/e3cCXi2WM3LMJGeeYcidLZ1jLD3jTBqDxJmzG/A77EYOGzNvG0PuPOkcA2netsMMBhK5hLSkP/78F6RF8ozxbyK1JBhIMwK1zJbgMSPSljNvzCR7gVpm9qSVWfOcSeMh7JfjwBD7CdQy4/jhzbd5Kmzk+Nt78WuBgv9AzAGOIx5ilMMA+wNSVI+CUTAKRsEIAgAs7kSbrcxGwgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hussen","middleName":"Mekonnen","lastName":"Asfaw","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-16 08:48:53","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57937930,"identity":"abced0bd-d0e0-41d4-a706-12fe814f82a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 17:44:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":188493,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe pie chart shows the level of knowledge on the acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4429728/v1/d2739d199b20ce0979f4394f.jpg"},{"id":57937931,"identity":"c726e6a5-c5d0-4ef3-9d5b-4e02e40dbb49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 17:44:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":178781,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4429728/v1/bfc4849b58d18cdc9c23f2d8.jpg"},{"id":57937932,"identity":"1272fe79-6e7d-40a5-a6cb-ad7d638e5b58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 17:44:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":270345,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe reason to reject the acceptance of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4429728/v1/dee091490467f0e02a282490.jpg"},{"id":57937933,"identity":"002009f7-db5c-4a00-bc33-c0275fc9785e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 17:44:27","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":229610,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe overall attitude level of the acceptance of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among women who were delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4429728/v1/01c129827b7b902f45a364e0.jpg"},{"id":57938262,"identity":"b2071657-6c52-4ac9-a1e7-cf18eb7112a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-07 17:52:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2001317,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4429728/v1/4a96827d-6f63-4dae-b6f6-4b26a61cb4da.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAcceptance of an immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eFamily planning is a crucial basic human right for the well-being of women, families, and communities (1) Contraception acceptance and use, as well as safer sexual habits, are improved by post-partum family planning and empowerment programs. Rapid and uncontrolled population growth is one of the most significant concerns facing rising countries (2)(3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe immediate intrauterine contraceptive system is extremely effective during the postpartum period, immediately reversible after termination, non-hormonal, long-acting contraception that can be started within 10 minutes or up to 48 hours after the third stage of labor and is safe for the majority of postpartum women. Although the majority of women did not wish to become pregnant shortly after giving delivery, there were no particular details about postpartum contraceptive use. According to the report, women who do not use contraception are responsible for 86 percent of unexpected postpartum pregnancies, and abortion is utilized to end 88 percent of pregnancies (4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the first year following birth, the Postpartum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device is used to prevent unexpected and closely spaced pregnancies. During family planning approaches, the mother and couples are strongly driven during the postpartum time, exposed to unplanned, unwanted pregnancy, and having an adverse consequence of pregnancy termination, early labor, PPH, underweight infant, fetal death, and maternal morbidity. In most healthcare institutions, intrauterine contraception is readily available. However, IUCD is poorly accepted by their spouse or family members due to denial, misinformation, or fear of associated difficulties(5)(6)(7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePregnancy-related maternal fatalities are disproportionately and unjustly rising. Globally, 295,000 women died during pregnancy and the postpartum period including childbirth in 2017 owing to pregnancy-related Causes. In 2020, the world population is expected to grow at a rate of roughly 1.05 percent per year, with an average annual increase of 81\u0026nbsp;million people. High population growth rates put pressure on developing countries infrastructure, expansion, housing, health care, educational facilities, work prospects, and efforts to reduce maternal and infant mortality(8). It accounts for 86% of global maternal deaths, including in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in developing countries (9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ratio of maternal mortality in Ethiopia was also estimated at 412 per 100,000 live births in EDHs 2016, which is volatile during labor and delivery, and postpartum time. In Ethiopia, the highest TFR (Total Fertility Rate) is 4.6%, given such unregulated population growth and its effect on society's socio-economic development, great emphasis has been put on family planning, which plays a major role in reducing fertility worldwide. However, the unmet need for FP is 22% (10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence rate of contraceptives is 15%, that estimated approximately 16% of married couples in Nigeria have an unmet need for contraception, either for spacing births or to limit births, and are at risk of unintended pregnancy. Among users of contraception, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are commonly used for family planning in Nigeria (11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort pregnancy and birth periods are correlated with abortion and negative health complications, premature labor, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), low birth weight infants, neonatal death, and suggest growth and development and malnutrition (12). In comparison to developed countries, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher in developing countries. Sexual, family planning and reproductive health care are also required to prevent unplanned pregnancy (13).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The study conducted in Ruanda indicated that health education of mothers and partners on PPIUCD, training of health care providers, and availability of supplies to provide PPIUCD influenced the use of PPIUCD (14). However, the use of IUCD is still very low in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), including Ethiopia where the level of fertility and unmet need for family planning is high (15)(16)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn general, it can be concluded from the above-mentioned discussion that, relative to other methods, The acceptance of PPIUCD is very low, and given the lack of understanding of the reasons for the stagnation or decrease in the use of IUCD in Ethiopia, the primary goal of this study was to identify the gap to address the rate of acceptance and the factors that affect the acceptance of PPIUCD during the immediate delivered postpartum women for the use of PPIUCD and the facts of the analysis in the study area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. According, to the World Population Review 2024; the city population was over 4.8\u0026nbsp;million people and a growth rate of 4.4%. Addis Ababa has 13 government hospitals spread across 11 sub-cities (five federal hospitals, six under the Addis Ababa health bureau, and two hospitals used by the uniformed community. Based on the lottery process, the hospitals can pick. Therefore, the current study was picking Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, ALERT Referral Hospital, St. Peter Specialized Hospital, and Gandhi Memorial Hospital. All public hospitals provide free family planning and prenatal (Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal) services including intrauterine contraceptive devices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design and sampling procedures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, from the beginning of February to the end of March 2021.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sample size was determined using a single population formula with the assumption of factors associated with the uptake of the immediate contraceptive devices being 28.1% (14) with a 5% level of significance, and a margin of error of 0.05, with the addition of a 10% non-response rate. With these assumptions, the minimum required sample size is 341. The sample size for different factors was calculated and the highest sample size 341 was taken to minimize sampling errors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondents were selected principally using lottery methods. Initially, unique identification numbers were given to each public hospital. Secondly, A total of four public hospitals were selected by lottery methods, then the proportion of sample size allocations was carried out according to the patient load in each public hospital. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study subjects from the selected sites.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection procedures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data collection tools were adopted from previous similar studies (3) (14) (17), and adapted to the local context. The data collectors and supervisors were recruited based on their previous experience in data collection, relevance of qualification (BSc in midwifery); and ability of the local language. Training was given for three consultive days to make them familiar with the tool and interview techniques. Emphasis was given to ethical issues, privacy, and safety of the study subjects and the interviewers. The data collection tools were pre-tested in the randomly selected hospital out of the study site on 10% of the total sample size.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA field work manual was developed by the principal investigator and used by all research teams. To ensure the quality of the data and minimize inter-interviewer variation, about 5% of the respondents were reinterviewed at random by the principal investigator and supervisors and checked for consistency. In addition, daily cheek and follow up were done by the supervisors and investigator\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMeasurement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome variable was self-reported acceptance of to use immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PIUCD). Accepted to use PPIUCD to delay or to avoid pregnancy immediately after delivery?\u0026rdquo; women were free to respond \u0026ldquo;yes\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;No\u0026rdquo;. variables known to be associated with acceptance were included in the analysis to provide an adjusted estimate of association\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovariates included age, education, income, occupation, and marital status. Obstetric characteristics such as antenatal care visits, mode of delivery, use of family planning, number of pregnancies, number of living children, and desire to have children.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ePPIUCD: -\u003c/b\u003eImmediate postpartum IUCD insertion into the maternal uterus/womb after post-placental delivery, administered within 10 minutes to 48 hours by either SVD or CS (3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge of women about PPIUCD\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e-The total number of responses to 6 information objects, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 6, was calculated. It was categorized as \"high\" to quantify the information based on the percentage of people who knew 80 percent or more of the different qualities immediately PPIUCD, \"moderate\" to those who knew 60\u0026ndash;79 percent, and \"low\" to those who knew less than 60 percent (17) (18).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAttitude on PPIUCD: -\u003c/b\u003eThe attitude of immediate PPIUCD was grouped and submitted by using the \u0026ldquo;Likert scale\u0026rdquo;. To measure the attitude of immediate PPIUCD was assigned into two categories favorable attitude- women who score above the mean and unfavorable attitude those women who score the mean or below the mean to the attitude items (17)(18)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe completeness of the questionnaire collected was manually reviewed, coded, and double entered into EpiData version 4.6 software, to check its consistency then exported to SPSS for Windows version 25 for statistical analysis used were percentage, frequency, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables found to be ( P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 at the bivariate level were selected and included in the multiple logistic regression analysis model to calculate the adjusted Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval to estimate association and to control the potential confounding variables. The strength and direction of the association were presented using odds ratios relative to the reference category and 95% confidence levels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e The research was approved for scientific and ethical integrity by the Institutional Review Board of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, and the Addis Ababa Public Health Research and Emergency Management Directorate, Addis Ababa City Government Health Bureau. Written permission was obtained from the health bureau of the Addis Ababa city government. Consent was obtained from medical directors and respective unit heads at each health institution. Verbal consent was also obtained from individual clients. To make an informed decision, sufficient information was given to each participant. Confidentiality was strictly maintained for each piece of information and the interview was conducted in a strict private, well-lighted, ventilated, and clean place to respect their dignity and confidentiality. At the end of the interview general information, referral, and follow-up linkages were made for those who need. Finally, we declare this study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULT","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of the study participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 341 clients were approached for participation (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), of whom 336 (98.5%) respondents consented to participate in the study. One hundred forty-five (43.2%) of the respondents were in the age range of 25\u0026ndash;29 years. The mean age of the participants was 27.26 years (\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;5 SD).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of women who gave birth in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResidency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAddis Ababa\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOutside Addis Ababa\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\le 19\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\ge\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrthodox\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuslim\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtestant\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCatholic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e302\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDivorced\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWidowed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status of the mothers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary (1\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh school (9\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollege and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status of the husband (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;307)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElementary (1\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh school (9\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollege and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHousewife\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGovernmental work\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrivate worker\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDaily laborer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMonthly income (in ETB)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\le \\text{3,200}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3,201-5,250\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5,251\u0026ndash;7900\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\((\\ge\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e7,901\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than half of the study participants 169 (50.30%) were orthodox and 302 (89.9%) participants were married. One hundred eight (32.1%) were elementary (1\u0026ndash;8 grade) completed and 134 (39.9%) were housewives. The mean monthly income of the study participants was 4,209.60 (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\pm\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e 2449.38 SD) with a minimum and maximum monthly income of 400 and 1600 respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eObstetric characteristics of the participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf 336 participants 309 (92%) had ANC visits to either a health center or hospital. Concerning previous family planning methods, 190 (56.5%) were used; however, 146 (43.5%) were not. Among previous family planning consumers, the majority of the participants were used injectable 109 (32.4%) and Implanon/Jaddle 58 (17.3%). The mean number of pregnancies, number of children alive, and future children desires were 2.54 (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\pm 1.596)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, 2.08 (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\pm 1.239),\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eand 3.32 (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\pm 1.275)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eobstetrics characteristics of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;336\u003c/b\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntenatal care (ANC) visits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e309\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of visits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree-time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour-time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFive and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode of delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSVD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of previous FP method usage**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e190\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e56.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural family planning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntra uterine contraceptive devise (IUCD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePills\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondom\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplanon/Jaddle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInjectable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e109\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32.4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision on the Number of pregnancies to have\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWife\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoth\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e179\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of pregnancies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e187\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e55.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\ge\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of children alive\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e248\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e73.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\ge\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus of pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlanned\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e235\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e69.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnplanned\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of future pregnancy desire\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u0026ndash;4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e223\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e66.4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\ge\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eN.B;\u003cem\u003e** More than one option was possible\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAwareness of the participants towards immediate PPIUCD\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe greater number 218 (64.9%) of the participants reported that they had ever heard about immediate PPIUCD and the source of information for the majority of the participants were health professionals 136 (40.5%) and mass media 112 (33.3%). And women who had ever heard IUCD can be inserted immediately after delivery was 128 (38.1%), but 96 (28.6%) of the women from the participants had not ever heard (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAwareness of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;336)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHave you ever heard about IUCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource of information about PPIUCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeighbors/friends/relatives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth professional\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMass media\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHusband\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHave you ever heard IUCD inserted immediately after delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eN.B: more than one answer was possible\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKnowledge of the participants towards immediate PPIUCD usage\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study report showed that 130 (38.7%) of the participants had low knowledge, 30 (8.9%) had moderate knowledge, and 64 (19%) of the participant women had high knowledge about PPIUCD. One hundred twenty-eight (38.1%) of women know that IUCD prevents unwanted pregnancy for at least 3 years. One hundred twenty-seven (37.8%) of women know that IUCD is immediately reversible after termination at any time and the majority of the women 137 (40.8%) of women know that IUCD is family planning method that can be put into the uterine (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of acceptance rate and associated factors of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2021. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;336)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD prevents unintended pregnancies for at least three years?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e128\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e38.1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD is a contraceptive that can be inserted into the uterine?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e137\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e40.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD has a low chance of being transferred sexually transmitted disease?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD has no interference with sexual intercourse?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD can be reversed immediately after termination?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e127\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e37.8\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know IUCD does not cause cervical cancer?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e97\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28.9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe overall knowledge level of the women about immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of the participants 130 (38.7%) had low knowledge, sixty-four (19%) had high knowledge, and 30 (8.9%) women had moderate knowledge (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eThe acceptance of immediate PPIUCD\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study report showed that of the total participants 42 (12.5%) accepted to use PPIUCD immediately after delivery, on the other hand, the majority of the participants 294 (87.5%) rejected to accept PPIUCD (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main reason for rejecting immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices was reported the following. The majority of the women, did not have a preferred method 142 (42.3%), fear of side effects 132 (39.3%), and lack of awareness about PPIUCD 118 (35.1%) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eWomen's attitude towards immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cb\u003ePPIUCD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo report the women\u0026rsquo;s level attitude on the acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD, the women asked logical and serious questions that measured the opinion to accept immediate PPIUCD. After recording the variable, the score of the Likert scale ranged from 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly agrees to 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly disagree due to negative questions. The mean score of the attitude was 15.5 so, by using this cut-point, above the mean favorable attitude and below the mean unfavorable attitude.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study report showed that 145 (43.2%) were favorable attitudes, while 191 (56.8%) were unfavorable attitudes of immediately delivered women towards acceptance of PPIUCD (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFactors associated with acceptance of immediate Post Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devise\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the adjusted analysis maternal education, occupation, and monthly income were found to be associated with acceptance of immediate postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive devices. Immediate post-partum women who were elementary (1\u0026ndash;8) educated were less likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were college and above educated (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.160, 95% CI: (0.040\u0026ndash;0.649) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.010). on the other hand, Immediate post-partum women who were private employees (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.018), daily laborers (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.373, 95% CI:(1.534\u0026ndash;35.433) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.013), and students (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.004, 95% CI: (1.602\u0026ndash;75.572) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.015) were more likely to accept than women who were housewives\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmediate postpartum women who had monthly income of Birr 3201\u0026ndash;5250, (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.731, 95% CI: (1.497\u0026ndash;14.949) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.008), Birr 5251\u0026ndash;7900, (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.712, 95% CI: (1.489\u0026ndash;21.910) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.011) and maternal monthly income greater than Birr 7901 (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.589, 95% CI: (1.736\u0026ndash;25.009) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.006), were more likely to accept immediate PPIUCD than those who were monthly income less than Birr 3200 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the acceptance and associated factors of immediate PPIUCD among women who delivered in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;336).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccepted to use PPIUCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.155(0.054\u0026ndash;0.440) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.457(0.10-2.084)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary (1\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.089(0.032\u0026ndash;0.249) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.160(0.040\u0026ndash;0.649) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary (9\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.183(.078-0.429) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.318(0.095\u0026ndash;1.068)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge; college\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernmental employee\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.320(3.380-31.514) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.384(0.791\u0026ndash;14.473\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.300(1.509\u0026ndash;12.255) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.269(1.280-14.234) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaily laborer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.031(1.100-14.771) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.373(1.534\u0026ndash;35.433) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.923(2.535\u0026ndash;38.837) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.004(1.602\u0026ndash;75.572) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMonthly Income (in ETB)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;=3200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3201\u0026ndash;5250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.075(1.163\u0026ndash;8.129) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.731(1.497\u0026ndash;14.949) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5251\u0026ndash;7900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.387(3.178\u0026ndash;27.727) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.712(1.489\u0026ndash;21.910) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;=7901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.400(2.116\u0026ndash;19.359*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.589(1.736\u0026ndash;41.806) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eControlling and stabilizing the population is essential for the country's socioeconomic and social development. As a result, in a low-resource country like Ethiopia, the available contraceptive methods, especially long-acting ones like IUCD, are very feasible and cost-effective. This study aimed to find out how many women in public hospitals were accepted to use immediate PPIUCD and what factors influenced their decision.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe acceptance rate and its related factors of immediate PPIUCD were found to be low in this research relative to other previous studies that were conducted in the different study areas. The most common reasons for rejecting immediate PPIUCD were not being a woman's preferred form 142 (42.3%), fear of side effects 132 (39.3%), and lack of knowledge about PPIUCD 118 (35.1%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis result was backed up by a study conducted in the Ambo area, West Shoa District, Oromia Region, which found that women preferred the method 32.5% of the time, were fear of side effects 29.6% of the time, and were lack of awareness about PPIUCD 24.5% of the time (18).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe overall acceptance rate to use immediate PPIUCD and its associated factors was 12.5%. This finding was very low as compared to the study conducted in north India, primary health center, (39%) (19). also in Marathwada region, India (25%) (7). and in Rwanda a mixed-method study (28.1%) (14).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis variance in acceptance rate may be due to the study setting, emphasis on actual use (usage) rather than intended use (intention), health care education access, counseling at ANC regarding PPIUCD, level of understanding, availability of IUCD due to Covid-19, various PPIUCD myths, sample size, and socio-demographic characteristics variation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, the acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD was influenced by maternal education. The acceptance rate of immediate PPIUCD was significantly associated among women who had primary (1\u0026ndash;8) education attended 84% less likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than those who were women education attended college and above (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.160, 95% CI: (0.040\u0026ndash;0.649) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.010).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis was in line with the findings of the 2016 EDHS, which found that (49%) of currently married women were not using contraceptive methods and 2% were uncertain. Contraceptive use increased dramatically with the level of education, with at least 51% of women with higher education using family planning, compared to 31% of women with no education (10) and inconsistent with Ruanda those mothers who had attended tertiary education 3 times more likely to have uptake to use immediate PPIUCD than mothers who had no education and Bahir Dar in which mothers who were college and above were 21.24 times higher for IUCD relative to women who were unable to read and write but mothers who were primary education 8.08 times higher as compared to read and write and Ambo those mothers who were diploma and above are 3 times more likely to involve than with no education (14)(18)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis could be because education influences health behavior; educated women are more empowered to decide on fertility control, need to discuss contraceptive issues openly, have a better understanding of how to use PPIUCD, and can speculate on risk and benefit issues; and the possible reason for variation could be due to the study setting, sample size differences, or socio-demographic differences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe finding of maternal occupation to immediately delivered women who worked private employers and private workers, daily laborers and students were 4 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewives (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.018), 7 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewife (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.373, 95% CI:(1.534\u0026ndash;35.433) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.013) and 11 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women who were housewife (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.004, 95% CI: (1.602\u0026ndash;75.572) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.015) respectively. This finding was supported by the finding that was done in Ambo town which was private employers (18). However, daily laborers and students were also significantly associated in this research, which may be attributed to socio-demographic differences and occupation status (in Addis Ababa many women work as daily laborers due to the large city but in Ambo few women can participate as a daily laborer and similarly many reproductive-age women have scholarship chance including the extension in Addis Ababa).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe participant\u0026rsquo;s monthly income contributes to immediate PPIUCD insertion. In this study women who were a monthly income increase (higher monthly income) were more likely to use immediate PPIUCD than women who had a low monthly income. Participants with monthly incomes of 3201\u0026ndash;5250, 5251\u0026ndash;7900, and women with monthly incomes greater than 7901 were 5 times more often accepted to use immediate PPIUCD when compared with those who were monthly income less than 3200 (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.731, 95% CI: (1.497\u0026ndash;14.949) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.008), 6 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than women monthly income less than 3200 (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.712, 95% CI: (1.489\u0026ndash;21.910) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.011) and monthly income greater than 7901 were 7 times more likely to accept to use immediate PPIUCD than participants monthly income less than 3200 (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.589, 95% CI: (1.736\u0026ndash;25.009) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.006) significantly associated to the acceptance rate and factors associated to PPIUCD respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding highly increased congruently to EDHS 2016, modern contraceptive usage increases income this was 20% for mothers in the lowest wealth to 47% for mothers in the highest income (10). and also congruent to that of the study done in Ambo town (18). The reason may be due to better wealth women get the best exposure to contraceptive methods due to access to IUCD everywhere including private clinics and a better understanding of PPIUCD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to the above, the current study also revealed that accepting to use of immediate PPIUCD increased significantly among women with favorable (positive) attitudes. This was an attitude (43.2%) that was favorable, but 56.8% were unfavorable attitude due to this report majority of participants had a negative attitude about PPIUCD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants who had favorable (positive) attitudes about PPIUCD were 14 times more likely to accept to use of PPIUCD (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.457, 95% CI: (4.999\u0026ndash;41.806) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) than women with unfavorable (negative) attitudes. This finding was higher than the study done in Mekele town women who had a positive approach to long-acting reversible contraception (20). This disparity may be attributed to attitudes, perceptions of the advantages and complications of PPIUCD providing counseling, socio-demographic differences in a study subject, setting area, and sample size.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study has various limitations; the cross-sectional nature of the study may make it difficult to determine the direction of the correlation between study variables, and the association can only be discussed in terms of plausible explanations. There was a danger of social desirability bias. The study was limited to the public facilities. Hence, it does not represent the proportion of acceptance to use immediate PPIUCD in private health facilities and governmental health centers and does not include the general community\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study's merits include the use of a random sampling technique with a high sample size. Again, precautions were taken when selecting experienced data collectors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the acceptance of PPICD is low, the main reason is fear of side effects. Occupation, educational background, and monthly income of women were found to be associated with acceptance of postpartum intra-uterine contraceptive devices among women in the study area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, public awareness using different communication channels to increase knowledge and acceptance of women and future research should investigate the potential influence of acceptance among women including the private sector users. Further analytical studies are recommended to identify the acceptance and discontinuous with follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR: adjusted odds ratio, ANC antenatal care CS: Cesarean section, EDHS: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; HMIS: Health Management Information system, IUCD: Intrauterine contraceptive device, LACD: Long-acting contraceptive device, PPF: Post part-time family planning, PPH: Postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding), PPIUCD: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device, SVD: Spontaneous abortion, TASH: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, WHO: World Health Organizations,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are grateful to Addis Abeba University for supporting the study. We would like to thank all the study subjects for sharing such valuable information. We also thank all data collectors who participated in the process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe declare that\u0026nbsp;there are\u0026nbsp;no financial or\u0026nbsp;nonfinancial\u0026nbsp;competing interests related to this study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was funded by Addis Ababa University, the funder had no role in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ethe design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data or\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ein writing the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWTG selected the title, wrote the proposal (conceptualized and designed the study), facilitated the data collection, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHMA approved the title, the proposal, and the thesis with some revisions. BM approved the proposal and thesis with some revisions.\u0026nbsp;All the authors participated in developing tools, and data analysis, were involved in report write-up, read and\u0026nbsp;revised drafts of the paper, and reviewed and\u0026nbsp;approved the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWTG: MSc and clinical staff at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, and MSc fellowship at Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHMA: Ph.D. and Assistant Professor at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, department of preventive medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBM: \u0026nbsp;MSc in maternity and Reproductive health and PhD fellow, Lecturer at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll relevant data are within the paper. The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon reasonable request. It is part of Masters thesis available in Addis Ababa Repository URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/29149 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKanhere A, Pateriya P, Jain M. Acceptability and Feasibility of Immediate post-partum IUCD insertion in a tertiary care centre in Central India. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(1):1.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGabriel ID, Tudorache Ștefania, Vlădăreanu S, Oprescu ND, Mureșan MC, Drăgușin RC, et al. Birth Control and Family Planning Using Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). Fam Plann. 2018;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGonie A, Worku C, Assefa T, Bogale D, Girma A. Acceptability and factors associated with post-partum IUCD use among women who gave birth at bale zone health facilities, Southeast-Ethiopia. Contracept Reprod Med. 2018;3(1):1\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRana M, Atri SK, Chib V, Kumari N. Postpartum intrauterine contraception device, a method of contraception: A study from rural north India. Int J Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;3(1):169\u0026ndash;73.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeshpande S, Gadappa S, Yelikar K, Wanjare N, Andurkar S, Professor A, et al. Awareness, acceptability and clinical outcome of post-placental insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device in Marathwada region, India. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2017;4(1):77\u0026ndash;82.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGujju R, Prasad U, Prasad U. Study on the acceptance, complications and continuation rate of post-partum family planning using the post placental intrauterine contraceptive device among women delivering at a tertiary care hospital. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(2):388.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSharma A, Gupta V. A study of awareness and factors affecting acceptance of PPIUCD in South-East Rajasthan. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2017;4(8):2706.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCastiglioni M, Dalla-Zuanna G TM. Post-transitional Demography and Convergence: What Can We Learn from Half a Century of World Population Prospects? Developments in Demographic Forecasting: Springer,Chem. 2020;63\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. Maternal mortality Evidence brief. 2020;(1):1\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBekele T, Rahman B, Rawstorne P. The effect of access to water, sanitation and handwashing facilities on child growth indicators: Evidence from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(9 September):1\u0026ndash;21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239313\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEzugwu EC, Achara JI, Ezugwu OC EH. Acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women attending antenatal care in a low-resource setting in Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;148(2):181-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMenon RM IM. Impact of body mass index on pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study. Paripex-Indian J Res. 2018;8(2).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G. Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(4):e380\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKanakuze CA, Kaye DK, Musabirema P, Nkubito P, Mbalinda SN. Factors associated with the uptake of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) in Rwanda: a mixed methods study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):1\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnimen S, Lake S, Mekuriaw E. Utilization of intra uterine contraceptive device and associated factors among reproductive age group of family planning users in Han Health Center, Bahir Dar, North West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2018;11(1):1\u0026ndash;6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-4032-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZenebe CB, Adefris M, Yenit MK, Gelaw YA. Factors associated with utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods among women who have decided not to have more children in Gondar city. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlemayehu M, Belachew T, Tilahun T. Factors associated with utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Mekelle town, Tigray region, north Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGurmessa Daba, Jembere Tesfaye Deressa WS. Assessment of intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in ambo town public health institutions, Ethiopia, 2018. Contracept Reprod Med. 2021;6(1):10.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKant S, Archana S, Singh A, Ahamed F, Haldar P. Acceptance rate, probability of follow-up, and expulsion of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device offered at two primary health centers, North India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2016;5(4):770.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGebremichael H. Acceptance of Long Acting Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors among Women in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. Sci J Public Heal. 2014;2(4):349.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Acceptance, Immediate postpartum, Intrauterine contraceptive device, women, health facility, Ethiopia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the post-partum intrauterine device being highly effective, inexpensive, non-hormonal, and reversible its acceptance is very low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Considering the importance of the use of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptives is a valuable means to keep women and children healthy. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of an immediate post-partum contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA health institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 336 women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa from the beginning of February to March 2021. Information was gathered by using interviewers administered questionnaires. Data were double entered in Epidata version 4.6 statistical package, cleaned, and exported to IBM SPSS statistics version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to predict the association of outcome variables and adjusted for possible confounders\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResult\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eOverall, a total of\u003c/b\u003e 42 (12.5%) of women accepted to use the immediate use of post-partum intrauterine devices. Woman's employment status such as (Private employees (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.269, 95% CI: (1.280-14.234) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.018), daily laborer (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.373, 95% CI: (1.534\u0026ndash;35.433) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.013), student (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.004, 95% CI: (1.602\u0026ndash;75.572) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.015)), and monthly income of the mother Birr greater than 7,901.00 (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.589, 95%CI: (1.736\u0026ndash;25.009) (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.006) were found to accept the immediate post-partum contraceptive device than women with monthly income of less than Birr 3,200 and less.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe acceptance of an immediate intrauterine contraceptive device among women giving birth in the study areas was low. Public Awareness by using different communication menses and tarnishing of health care workers were recommended.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Acceptance of an immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device and associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-07 17:44:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4429728/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"10a329e5-7bec-47e4-8921-4eac419f7c19","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 7th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-07T17:44:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-07 17:44:22","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4429728","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4429728","identity":"rs-4429728","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}