Actuating Compact Augmented Reality Devices by Artificial Muscle

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Abstract

Abstract An artificial muscle actuator resolves practical engineering problems in compact wearable devices, which are limited to conventional actuators such as electromagnetic actuators. Abstracting the fundamental advantages of an artificial muscle actuator provides a small-scale, high-power actuating system for developing varifocal augmented reality (AR) glasses and naturally fit haptic gloves. Here, we design a shape memory alloy (SMA)-based lightweight and high-power artificial muscle actuator, the so-called compliant amplified SMA actuator (CASA). Despite its light weight (0.22 g), the CASA has a high power density of 1.7 kW/kg and an actuation strain of 300%. We show how CASA enables image depth control and an immersive tactile response in the form of AR glasses and haptic gloves whose thin form factor and high power density can hardly be achieved by conventional actuators.
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Actuating Compact Augmented Reality Devices by Artificial Muscle | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Actuating Compact Augmented Reality Devices by Artificial Muscle Dongjin Kim, Baekgyeom Kim, Bongsu Shin, Dongwook Shin, Chang-Kun Lee, and 12 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-907683/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Jul, 2022 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract An artificial muscle actuator resolves practical engineering problems in compact wearable devices, which are limited to conventional actuators such as electromagnetic actuators. Abstracting the fundamental advantages of an artificial muscle actuator provides a small-scale, high-power actuating system for developing varifocal augmented reality (AR) glasses and naturally fit haptic gloves. Here, we design a shape memory alloy (SMA)-based lightweight and high-power artificial muscle actuator, the so-called compliant amplified SMA actuator (CASA). Despite its light weight (0.22 g), the CASA has a high power density of 1.7 kW/kg and an actuation strain of 300%. We show how CASA enables image depth control and an immersive tactile response in the form of AR glasses and haptic gloves whose thin form factor and high power density can hardly be achieved by conventional actuators. Mechanical Engineering Photonics/optics Augmented reality (AR) glasses Vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) Shape memory alloy actuator Artificial muscle Wearable device Bistable compliant linear stage Adjustable near-eye display Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files S4HighspeedactuationofCASA.mp4 High-speed actuation of CASA InitialSubmissionNatureComSupp.docx S6ActuatingdepthswitchingmoduleinARdevice.mp4 Actuating depth switching module in AR device S8ScalingupactuationstrokeofCASA.mp4 Scaling up actuation stroke of CASA S7CASAintransparenthapticgloveforvisualization.mp4 CASA in transparent haptic glove for visualization S3ActuatingCASA.mp4 Actuating CASA S9Scalingupactuationstroke.mp4 Scaling up actuation stroke S5CASAwithBPSactuation.mp4 CASA with BPS actuation S1Adjustingdepthofvirtualimagewithdepthswitchingmodule.mp4 Adjusting depth of virtual image with depth switching module S2HighpoweractuationofCASAinthinandlighthapticglove.mp4 High-power actuation of CASA in thin and light haptic glove Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Jul, 2022 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-907683","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":52767373,"identity":"937bc35e-d9fa-4b10-9581-0c1660690a56","order_by":0,"name":"Dongjin Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ajou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dongjin","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":52767374,"identity":"18a7b257-c935-42e3-9f46-e8639ef439f4","order_by":1,"name":"Baekgyeom Kim","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7881","institution":"Department of Mechanical 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