Establishment and solution of a three-zone radial composite well test model for mixed gas drive production wells

Establishment and solution of a three-zone radial composite well test model for mixed gas drive production wells | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Establishment and solution of a three-zone radial composite well test model for mixed gas drive production wells Xiaoliang Zhao, Yu Cao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6211682/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Gas flooding, as a key enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, has seen extensive research on its miscible mechanisms and displacement characteristics. However, dynamic monitoring and analysis of realistic phase-state distribution in subsurface fluids during gas flooding remain insufficient. This study focuses on gas-crude oil interaction mechanisms by developing a three-zone radial composite well-testing model that incorporates interfacial skin effects and power-law variations in physical properties within the transition zone, aiming to reveal the spatial distribution patterns of fluid phases during gas injection. Interfacial coefficients are introduced to characterize pressure jump effects at zone boundaries. The model is solved using dimensionless transformation, Laplace transform, and the Stehfest numerical inversion method, identifying seven characteristic flow regimes in pressure transient curves: oil zone radial flow, transition zone power-law concave-slope flow, and pure gas zone horizontal stabilization. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that oil zone radius governs radial flow duration, transition zone radius regulates percolation scope, and power-law index controls derivative curve morphology. This research breaks through the homogenization assumptions of traditional composite reservoir models, establishing a theoretical framework for dynamic monitoring of miscible gas flooding wells and inversion of nonlinear reservoir parameters. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Fossil fuels/Crude oil Physical sciences/Physics/Fluid dynamics mixed gas drive dynamic inversion nonlinear seepage well test analysis sensitivity analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 20 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6211682","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":436170197,"identity":"92e5ef11-f7c2-47a1-b6fb-f2f267ff609f","order_by":0,"name":"Xiaoliang Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcYGFL4cG3v7AdK0GPPxnEkgoAWNnzhPwsEArw752c1tEh/bGPL4pduvSfPU3Elvk2BIYPhRsQ2nFoM7B9skZ7YxFEvOOVMmzXPsWW6bdOMBxp4zt3FrkUhsk+ZtY0jccCMnTZqH7XBum8yBBGbGNtxa5GdAtewHa/l3OJ1NIsEArxaGGzBbJNKPARmHEwhqMbiR2Gw54xxD4owbOcyWc/sOG7YBA/kgPr/Iz0h/eONDGUNiP4jx5tthefn29oMPflTgcRgDAwswav4DaR4TeBwdwKceCJg/QGj2xx8IqBwFo2AUjIIRCgBvT1kr9D5YZgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Petroleum (Beijing)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoliang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":436170198,"identity":"0e39661f-ea1d-4007-9f7c-fd4e2529a5a6","order_by":1,"name":"Yu Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"LiaoNing Petrochemical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-12 11:38:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6211682/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6211682/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00645-8","type":"published","date":"2025-05-07T15:57:09+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82537456,"identity":"0e982ba8-59d1-4b38-8c33-3d2bf5f41d71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-12 16:06:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":831445,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CYmanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6211682/v1_covered_554268b3-7fec-417a-8d59-3590167234ee.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Establishment and solution of a three-zone radial composite well test model for mixed gas drive production wells","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"mixed gas drive, dynamic inversion, nonlinear seepage, well test analysis, sensitivity analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6211682/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6211682/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eGas flooding, as a key enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, has seen extensive research on its miscible mechanisms and displacement characteristics. 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