Theoretical Model for Sub-Wavelength Atomic Localization Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion and Orbital Angular Momentum

Theoretical Model for Sub-Wavelength Atomic Localization Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion and Orbital Angular Momentum | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Theoretical Model for Sub-Wavelength Atomic Localization Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion and Orbital Angular Momentum Najm Uddin, Reem Altuijri, Mohamed R. Eid, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This manuscript theoretically investigates atomic microscopy at the interface of a silver-silica (AgSiO 2 ) Nano-composite and cesium atomic medium, incorporating surface plasmon polariton dispersion relations and the effect of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). The localization mechanism is determined by the absorption spectrum of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which is influenced by the imaginary part of the propagation constant [Im (ksp)]. Here's the simplified version. The position of atoms may be controlled by altering (OAM) and field parameters, including probe detuning (δ p ), control field detuning (δ 1,2 ), decay rates (γ 1,2,3,4 ), Nano-composite volume percentage (f v ), Rabi frequencies (Ω 1,2 ) and position independent part of Rabi frequencies (G 1,2 ). The suggested scheme gains sub-wavelength spatial resolution in atom localization, with potential applications in atom nanolithography and in the process of neutral atom trapping and laser cooling and more. These findings demonstrate how important quantum-plasmonic interactions are to sophisticated atomic manipulation methods. Surface plasmon polariton volume fraction change High resolution Atom localization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7284850","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":524512790,"identity":"7de71a9b-320a-4639-ab8b-b22dca02d912","order_by":0,"name":"Najm Uddin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Malakand","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Najm","middleName":"","lastName":"Uddin","suffix":""},{"id":524512791,"identity":"6feae4ee-a26c-40ac-a757-87340635555f","order_by":1,"name":"Reem Altuijri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Reem","middleName":"","lastName":"Altuijri","suffix":""},{"id":524512792,"identity":"04b09ef4-b059-4c82-bfe4-5d0c4d42679d","order_by":2,"name":"Mohamed R. Eid","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northern Border University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"R.","lastName":"Eid","suffix":""},{"id":524512793,"identity":"60dd91c3-60e0-462a-ba51-0e0bb3b7e64b","order_by":3,"name":"Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bisha","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdel-Haleem","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdel-Aty","suffix":""},{"id":524512794,"identity":"eda29cb0-cef8-4fe5-b763-69efb59a47df","order_by":4,"name":"Ali Akgul","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Siirt University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Akgul","suffix":""},{"id":524512795,"identity":"24294774-fa48-4021-b31f-938c4a999358","order_by":5,"name":"Murad Khan Hassani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ghazni University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Murad","middleName":"Khan","lastName":"Hassani","suffix":""},{"id":524512796,"identity":"52ac2a73-7d62-4cc7-bfe4-d9b4a26b061a","order_by":6,"name":"Attaullah Khan","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Malakand","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Attaullah","middleName":"","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-03 17:38:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92904215,"identity":"23889402-25ae-4c80-8a64-6ff588b755eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2882825,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PlasmonOAM.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/fe7ff6f38804c43f6e2228de.docx"},{"id":92904467,"identity":"12379345-286c-498b-8844-91dc3b2101f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:26:50","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7453,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba93726084b54915bca5644ef804fa8c.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/c3f64def3515b5acbe205145.json"},{"id":92904211,"identity":"9aef4f64-0689-4d25-ab05-40ed1ea8649c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":101490,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba93726084b54915bca5644ef804fa8c1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/f12f9ac5e882a3f6c525da77.xml"},{"id":92904213,"identity":"ca300d4c-4ca8-4f5f-9fde-5778885834be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":71710,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/996f868b4475352f609abcd0.png"},{"id":92904214,"identity":"e013a45e-234e-448e-8f42-bfa14adc25ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1311057,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/f3deecce12b10f2b8d368d94.png"},{"id":92904216,"identity":"c21068ca-f070-4fe0-8c33-6dc9759578ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":531481,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/453f2ac9f2c2d58e6517c517.png"},{"id":92904219,"identity":"0b14443b-f64b-4987-a13f-91861fe53a68","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":395862,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/1f102fabd688f81ec8c73dff.png"},{"id":92904218,"identity":"bee8be28-de59-4e84-a69b-624d992c8457","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":330505,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/50cdf4fd66e1f4ab1f4236db.png"},{"id":92904223,"identity":"4c21f566-7e13-4472-89b7-c8f9f30a28ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":186947,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/85cb894c8e2b1bb952586f51.png"},{"id":92904468,"identity":"2f8b5980-ac72-4ce2-a459-810ab770caee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:26:50","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/55011102fe6e8729e12f884e.png"},{"id":92904222,"identity":"5d00a6e2-1266-4cc9-bea1-3e4bf6fa3952","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":169112,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/54c9b05391c3ade85799a1e1.png"},{"id":92904224,"identity":"0920d711-cefb-4de3-9800-9b3c0a3a7134","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":80416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/317cdfeb968e90982676725a.png"},{"id":92904469,"identity":"ccf92ae1-45c1-4b50-a4e2-724b0cde828e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:26:50","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":77088,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/747d848830238035fc319d28.png"},{"id":92904470,"identity":"9374bfb9-80b6-4f17-b9f0-63d2e4b31d57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:26:50","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":61801,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/574c80f2a1f26a44e77c703b.png"},{"id":92904220,"identity":"4875f4fd-31e9-480d-b27a-f57e0c902b26","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":47692,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/850b82f0cb89622ba3dc3cae.png"},{"id":92904225,"identity":"576ce483-7a77-4dd8-84ef-bf76e9ac25b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"xml","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":102746,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba93726084b54915bca5644ef804fa8c1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/64bce37e9e946e6386f455de.xml"},{"id":92904228,"identity":"0d572d03-67c4-459f-b7cd-e70ba9aff078","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 23:18:50","extension":"html","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":115207,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1/0146191bd25ecc0b068eed6d.html"},{"id":105328780,"identity":"0ec0ca7a-5678-4ece-889e-1b6f3bbf6999","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-24 19:55:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":719860,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PlasmonOAM.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7284850/v1_covered_1bf93d5e-9936-44e1-b0b5-ede11cd35891.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Theoretical Model for Sub-Wavelength Atomic Localization Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion and Orbital Angular Momentum","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Surface plasmon polariton, volume fraction change, High resolution, Atom localization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript theoretically investigates atomic microscopy at the interface of a silver-silica (AgSiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) Nano-composite and cesium atomic medium, incorporating surface plasmon polariton dispersion relations and the effect of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM). The localization mechanism is determined by the absorption spectrum of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which is influenced by the imaginary part of the propagation constant [Im (ksp)]. Here's the simplified version. The position of atoms may be controlled by altering (OAM) and field parameters, including probe detuning (δ\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e), control field detuning (δ\u003csub\u003e1,2\u003c/sub\u003e), decay rates (γ\u003csub\u003e1,2,3,4\u003c/sub\u003e), Nano-composite volume percentage (f\u003csub\u003ev\u003c/sub\u003e), Rabi frequencies (Ω\u003csub\u003e1,2\u003c/sub\u003e) and position independent part of Rabi frequencies (G\u003csub\u003e1,2\u003c/sub\u003e). The suggested scheme gains sub-wavelength spatial resolution in atom localization, with potential applications in atom nanolithography and in the process of neutral atom trapping and laser cooling and more. These findings demonstrate how important quantum-plasmonic interactions are to sophisticated atomic manipulation methods.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Theoretical Model for Sub-Wavelength Atomic Localization Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton Dispersion and Orbital Angular Momentum","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-06 23:18:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7284850/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7b9da58e-cd83-4c30-8519-566818381fd4","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-24T19:54:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-06 23:18:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7284850","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7284850","identity":"rs-7284850","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}