Human-centered Campus: Development of Sustainable Canteen Wastewater Treatment System using Design Thinking and 5M+E Approaches

Human-centered Campus: Development of Sustainable Canteen Wastewater Treatment System using Design Thinking and 5M+E Approaches | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Human-centered Campus: Development of Sustainable Canteen Wastewater Treatment System using Design Thinking and 5M+E Approaches Rina Djunita Pasaribu, Deni Wahyu Dewanata, Mohammad Riza Sutjipto, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204350/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Water is fundamental to life; however, it is contaminated by numerous human activities. This issue extends to campus settings where canteen wastewater contributes to environmental pollution. Telkom University, a leading private institution in Indonesia, significantly emphasizes waste management. This study sought to identify solutions for the canteen wastewater problem at Telkom University's main Dayeuh Kolot, Bandung campus, and assess the outcomes. Additionally, this study aimed to uncover the critical success factors for sustaining the program. Design Thinking guides solution development for wastewater, while the analysis of program success factors employs the 5M + E framework, which considers Man, Machine, Method, Material, Money, and Environment. This study used qualitative methods such as observation, interviews, water acidity tests, open questionnaires, and focus group discussions with individuals involved in campus waste processing, and conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of wastewater solutions before and after implementation. This study presents a prototype solution for canteen wastewater, utilizing a multistage filtration system crafted from environmentally friendly materials consisting of banana stems, coconut fiber, red bricks, and charcoal. This system significantly enhances water and ditch quality, curbs pollution, and revitalizes aquatic life. The study also highlighted three crucial factors for the program's success: material selection, environmental considerations, and human resources, with the latter exemplified by the team leader’s commendable competence. This research illustrates that human-centered approaches rooted in social sciences can effectively address water quality issues, even without relying directly on watery scientific disciplines. Campus canteen wastewater environmentally-friendly human-based solutions design thinking 5M + E Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 11 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7204350","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":509855723,"identity":"32976d93-5aa9-4c14-bc17-c361f4f4b81d","order_by":0,"name":"Rina Djunita Pasaribu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Telkom University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rina","middleName":"Djunita","lastName":"Pasaribu","suffix":""},{"id":509855724,"identity":"ac36aa07-f442-466c-8e0d-7626bf523b7d","order_by":1,"name":"Deni Wahyu Dewanata","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Telkom 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