Perceptions of Water Security and Climate Change in Lima, Peru: Qualitative Study of Mothers and Healthcare Providers

Background Water insecurity, a global public health crisis, will be intensified by climate change. In coastal Peru, little is known about the health effects of water insecurity from a community perspective. Understanding first-hand experiences and perceptions of mothers and healthcare providers can inform strategies to mitigate the effects of water insecurity and climate change on health outcomes and health disparities. Methods This qualitative study took place in 2023 in Carabayllo, the Northernmost region of Lima, Peru comprised of urban and rural communities. We conducted six focus groups with 10 pregnant women and 23 mothers of children ages 0 to 10, as well as individual interviews with 22 healthcare providers. Data were analyzed through rapid qualitative analysis combining deductive and inductive methods. Principal findings Water insecurity was common among community members and was normalized as part of daily life. Access to water varied based on socioeconomic status and geography. Perceived health impacts were primarily related to hygiene and sanitation (e.g. diarrheal disease), water storage (dengue), and longer-term effects such as nutrition and child development. Respondents agreed that climate change would exacerbate water insecurity and endorsed strategies to take action. Conclusions and significance The lived experiences of water insecurity and its health impacts in Lima, Peru highlight the importance of mobilizing community stakeholders, health systems and local government to increase water security and support healthcare facilities and communities on water conservation and climate preparedness efforts.