A Prefix Based Approach for Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation in Underwater Communication

A Prefix Based Approach for Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation in Underwater Communication | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Prefix Based Approach for Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation in Underwater Communication Vijay Singh Bhadouria, Monika Agrawal, Ritesh Kumar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-739437/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Developing a reliable and robust underwater acoustic communication system is a difficult task, due to the complicated nature of the underwater channel, non-stationary noise, and a number of other factors. Indeed, channel estimation or equalization presents numerous challenges in this non-stationary, highly Doppler, multipath environment; as a result, traditional equalizers and PLL-based methods have limited performance. Generally, communication over such time-varying channels is accomplished via packets that contain a prefix/preamble signal for training, a payload containing the actual data, and a silent period for proper alignment. The prefix signal must be designed properly because it is used to estimate the channel and also to determine the start of packet. This paper proposes a novel prefix signal based on the hyperbolic chirp signal, where its Doppler invariance properties enable the extraction of the entire packet even when Doppler and severe multipath are present. Additionally, this proposed prefix enables an efficient and accurate method for fully characterising an underwater channel. The proposed prefix signal is used to estimate the multipath delay and amplitude, and different Doppler scales. Extensive simulations using various channel models are used to determine the proposed method robustness and efficacy under a wide range of conditions. Additionally, the proposed algorithm has been validated on a real-world channel. Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-739437","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":136444834,"identity":"ea463446-3c38-468f-8a73-70ac10343146","order_by":0,"name":"Vijay Singh Bhadouria","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHjYGBiBiYGZgfADi8pGihdkAyiVWC5CUAJOENBicP3vswY8ym8Tt7czPKr/m2MmwMTA/fHQDn5YbeemGPefSEuccZjO7LbstGWgpm7FxDh4tkjN4zCR42w4nzmBmMLstuY0ZqIWHTRqvlv4zZpJ/wVrYvxVLbqsnrIWfIcdMGmILjxnjx22HidAikZcmLXMuzRiopViacdtxHjZmAn5h4z97TPJNmY3sDP7jGz/+3FZtz8/e/PAxPi0ogJkHTBKrHAQYf5CiehSMglEwCkYMAADRiz7FfSBhGAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-3783","institution":"IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vijay","middleName":"Singh","lastName":"Bhadouria","suffix":""},{"id":136444835,"identity":"a4c14741-57dd-4001-8ee0-9867b004a7e0","order_by":1,"name":"Monika Agrawal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Monika","middleName":"","lastName":"Agrawal","suffix":""},{"id":136444836,"identity":"ea7cf40f-ac91-41e4-978e-235478e470ce","order_by":2,"name":"Ritesh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ritesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-07-22 02:07:13","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-739437/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-739437/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":26735943,"identity":"cd4dfeaa-92f6-4152-b12f-cfaf1670dbc6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-09-20 22:21:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1136571,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptV1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-739437/v2_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"A Prefix Based Approach for Joint Doppler and Channel Estimation in Underwater Communication","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-739437/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-739437/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-739437/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Developing a reliable and robust underwater acoustic communication system is a difficult task, due to the complicated nature of the underwater channel, non-stationary noise, and a number of other factors. 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