Comparison of Cradle Breastfeeding Position With Cross Cradle Breastfeeding Position in Term Newborns on Their Weight Pattern

Comparison of Cradle Breastfeeding Position With Cross Cradle Breastfeeding Position in Term Newborns on Their Weight Pattern | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Comparison of Cradle Breastfeeding Position With Cross Cradle Breastfeeding Position in Term Newborns on Their Weight Pattern Shaily Patel, Ajay Gaur This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2877350/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives- Common breastfeeding (BF) positions are side-lying, cradle hold, cross cradle hold, football, laid-back. The literature to compare different BF positions in terms of maternal comfort is scarce. This study was conducted to see the effect of two BF positions, cradle and cross cradle, on weight pattern and urine frequency along with maternal comfort and latch score. Study Design- Randomised controlled trial is performed in 200 mother newborn dyads of gestational age between 36–40 weeks and weight loss pattern, maternal comfort and latch score compared between the two groups. Results- Study observed that the mean distribution of urinary flow was statistically highly significant (p value < 0.001) in cross cradle group. Cross cradle breastfeeding position showed higher maternal comfort score and latch score than cradle breastfeeding position. Conclusion- This study explores that cross cradle breastfeeding position is better in terms of maternal comfort and latch score than cradle breastfeeding position. Health sciences/Health care/Paediatrics Health sciences/Medical research/Outcomes research Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Summary WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN? The positioning of the baby’s body is important for good attachment and successful breastfeeding WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS? Cross cradle breastfeeding position is better in terms of maternal comfort and baby’s latchment which improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate. INTRODUCTION Breastfeeding is the best start, a tender gift to nurture life, a gift that lasts a life time and love in every drop that is needed for the survival and healthy growth of a baby into an adult [ 1 ] Breastfeeding is the act of milk transfer from mother to baby that is very important for the survival and growth of the baby. Breastfeeding creates a psycho social bond between the mother and baby, enhances modest cognitive development and it is the underpinning of the infant’s well being in the first year of life even into the second year of life with appropriate complementary foods from 6 months. Furthermore, breastfeeding reduces the risk of neonatal complications, respiratory and other varieties of illnesses [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] Appropriate breastfeeding position has effects on latching and breastfeeding duration.Common BF positions are side-lying hold, cradle hold (same arm), cross cradle hold (opposite arm), football hold, twins hold, laid-back breastfeeding (biological nurturing), laid back breastfeeding and babysitting breastfeeding. [ 5 ] The breastfeeding teaching process and practice empowers the mothers and helps make them breastfeed more effectively. An important part of successful breastfeeding is for the mother to relax and feel comfortable. [ 6 ] According to NHFS 5 data 63.7% of children under age of 6 months exclusively breastfed. The success of breastfeeding depends upon the preparation of mothers through effective antenatal education that helps them to know and learn breastfeeding techniques, positions, infant care, and parenting skill. Therefore, many studies have been done to conclude which breastfeeding position may be the best choice for the mother. [ 7 ] There is a little data available to compare different breastfeeding positions in terms of maternal comfort and also the effect of various positions on newborn growth and well being. This study was conducted with the objective to see the effect of breastfeeding positions on weight pattern and urine frequency along with maternal comfort and latch score. This will help doctors’ community workers to know what to promote to decrease incidence of failure to thrive, dehydration and other causes of mortality among newborns. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE AIMS To compare effect of two breastfeeding techniques (cradle and cross cradle) of mother delivered by normal vaginal delivery on weight pattern of term newborn. OBJECTIVES PRIMARY OBJECTIVE – To compare percentage of weight loss of newborns between group 1(cradle hold technique) and group 2 (cross cradle technique) SECONDARY OBJECTIVE 1) To compare maternal comfort and latch score between the two groups. 3) To Compare frequency of urine between the two groups MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized control trial was conducted in a government urban tertiary care hospital. Written informed consent from the parents was obtained. SETTING Government urban tertiary care hospital. STUDY DESIGN Randomised Control Trial DURATION OF STUDY Two years SAMPLE SIZE Two hundred cases In this study sample consist of 200 mothers who are undergoing normal vaginal delivery with 36–40 weeks of gestation. Considering the proportion of normal vaginal delivery from the past record Obst & Gynae Department 45% at 5% level of significance and 7% of relative error using the formula for sample size : where Z α/2 = 1.96 P = 45% Q = 55% d = 7% n = 194 ≅ 200 So total 200 females who will undergo normal vaginal delivery will be taken. INCLUSION CRITERIA : Postpartum women with normal vaginal delivery of Post Natal Ward with or without complications and those who intend to breast feed for at least 6 months are recruited. Mothers with normal vaginal delivery whose babies are admitted in Sick Newborn Care Unit are recruited. EXCLUSION CRITERIA : Postpartum women with elective cesarean section are excluded Mothers whose infant will diagnose with galactosemia are excluded. Babies with gross congenital malformation Birth weight < 1500 grams Any absolute contraindication of breast feeding Outborn babies Twins / multiplets Preterm babies METHODOLOGY: Newborns delivered in the Post-natal ward or admitted in Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a government urban tertiary care hospital, were considered for the study (shown in Fig. 1). Written informed consent is taken from the parents of all the study participants. Randomization was done using computer generated randome number tables, And divided into two groups - Cradle and Cross cradle groups, Daily monitoring was done for 3 days, Data collected, Processed and then result generated LATCH SCORE : Breastfeeding was assessed using the LATCH score assessment tool, which looks at five parameters: Latching on, Audible swallowing, Type of nipples, Comfort, and help (assistance requirement).(shown in Table 1 ) 0 1 2 TOTAL L LATCH Too sleepy or reductant Repeated attempts for sustained latch or suck. Hold nipple in mouth. Stimulate to suck Grasps breast Lips flanged Rhythmic sucking A AUDIBLE SWALLOWING None A few with stimulation Spontaneous and intermittent Spontaneous and frequent T TYPES OF NIPPLE Inverted Flat Everts after stimulation C COMFORT Engorged severe pain Filing red Soft Non tender H HOLD Full assist Minimal assist No assist STATISTICAL ANALYSIS- Collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2016 for further analysis. Qualitative data was expressed in terms of frequency and percentages while Quantitative data was expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, also in median and Inter Quartile range. Association between qualitative variable was assessed by using chi-square/fisher exact test . For quantitative data normality test was applied ( Shapiro willk test and found data to be not normal) so variable median difference between two position was assessed by using Man-whitney test ( Non-parametric Test). P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Statistical analysis was done in Statistical software SPSS Version 25. RESULTS The present study “comparison of cradle breast feeding position with cross cradle breastfeeding position in term newborn on their weight pattern” was conducted on 200 mother-newborn dyads at SNCU and PNW Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior(M.P) within a period of two years. Total 200 mother-newborn dyads included in the study who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and informed consent for the study. Demographic Profile The present study shows that 55.5% of newborns included in the study were male and 44.5% were females. Majority of newborns (71.5%) had gestational age of 40 weeks followed by 38 weeks(25.5%) followed by 37 weeks (3%). Most of newborns included in the study had birth weight between 2600-3000gms (47.5%) followed by between 2100–2500(31.5%) followed by 17% had birth weight more than 3000gms. Majority of the mothers belong to the age group of 21–25 years(48%), followed by 26–30 years (27.5%), more than 30 years (15%) and less than 20 years (9.5%) (Table 1 ) Table 1 Demographic Variables of the Study Group. Parameters Frequency Percentage Gender Male 111 55.5 Female 89 44.5 Gestational age 37 Weeks 6 3 38 Weeks 51 25.5 40 Weeks 143 71.5 Birth weight 1500–2500 71 35.5 >2500 129 64.5 Maternal age 30 years 30 30 Distribution of weight between two groups: This study compares weight pattern between two breastfeeding position. Between these two methods of breast feeding we did not observe any significant difference in mean and median weight of the babies on day 1, day 2 and day 3 at 5% level of significance(Table 2) Tables 2 Mean and Median Distribution of weight between two groups Weight GROUP 1 (Cradle Breast Feeding) GROUP 2 (Cross Cradle Breast Feeding) P-value Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Day 1 2.734 ± 0.39 2.8(2.4–3) 2.7601 ± 0.41 2.77(2.5–3) 0.818 Day 2 2.626 ± 0.38 2.7(2.3–2.8) 2.7225 ± 0.40 2.75(2.3–2.9) 0.187 Day 3 2.5762 ± 0.382 2.67(2.3–2.8) 2.68 ± 0.407 2.72(2.4–2.9) 0.119 Distribution of urinary flow between two groups: Mean and median distribution of urinary flow between Cradle Breast feeding and Cross cradle Breast feeding was observed to be statistically highly significant on all the Day 1 Day 2 and Day 3 at 5% level of significance.(Table 3) Tables 3 Mean and Median Distribution of Urinary Flow between two groups Urinary Flow GROUP 1 (Cradle Breast Feeding) GROUP 2 (Cross Cradle Breast Feeding) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) P-value Day 1 2.18 ± 1.388 2(1–3) 3.17 ± 1.826 2(2–4) < 0.001** Day 2 4.75 ± 1.23 4(4–6) 6.13 ± 1.58 6(5–8) < 0.001** Day 3 6.16 ± 1.36 6(5–8) 7.12 ± 1.313 8(6–8) < 0.001** **P-value < 0.01, highly significant at 5% level of significance Distribution of maternal comfort between two groups: It has been observed that Mothers those who were feeding their child by using cross cradle method, Found more comfort than cradle breastfeeding position and this difference between these two position was statistically highly significant for mean as well as median difference on all three days.(Table 4) Tables 4 Mean and Median Distribution of Maternal comfort between two groups Maternal Comfort Source GROUP 1 (Cradle Breast Feeding) GROUP 2 (Cross Cradle Breast Feeding) P-value Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Mean ± SD Median (IQR) Day 1 34.07 ± 0.913 34(34–34) 38 ± 1.752 38(36–40) < 0.001** Day 2 34.74 ± 1.116 34(34–36) 38.59 ± 1.28 38 (38–40) < 0.001** Day 3 34.99 ± 1.105 34 ( 34–36) 38.82 ± 1.306 39 ( 38–40) < 0.001** **P-value < 0.01, highly significant at 5% level of significance Association of Maternal comfort score with Gestational age and birth weight of newborn: This table shows association of birth weight, gestational age and maternal comfort and revealed that birth weight between 2600-3000gms showed maximum maternal comfort score similarly gestational age of 40 weeks showed maximum maternal comfort score.(Table 5 ) Table 5 Association of Maternal comfort score with Gestational age and birth weight of newborn Parameters Maternal Comfort Score (Median) Total Chi-square/ Fisher Exact P-Value 35 Birth Weight 1.50–2.0 Kg 3(1.70%) 5(2.90%) 8(4.60%) 4.27 0.23 2.1–2.5 Kg 39(22.40%) 24(13.80%) 63(36.20%) 2.60–3 Kg 45(25.90%) 50(28.70%) 95(54.60%) > 3 Kg 55(2.90%) 3(1.70%) 8(4.60%) Gestational Age 37 3(1.50%) 3(1.50%) 6(3%) 4.19 0.109 38 32(16.0%) 19(9.50%) 51(25.50%) 40 66(33.0%) 77(38.50%) 143(71.50%) Total 101(50.50%) 99(49.50%) 200(100%) Distribution of LATCH Score between two positions: In this study it has observed that there was highly statistically significant difference in mean and median of latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 between two postions.(as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) Study results showed that mean Latch scores in cradle breastfeeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 8.67,8.84,9.01 and in cross cradle breast feeding positions on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 9.3,9.42,9.6. Discussion The study “THE IMPACT OF BREASTFEEDING POSITIONING ON MOTHER-NEWBORN DYAD: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL” was intended to assess the weight pattern in term newborns following two different breastfeeding position to help choosing mothers of newborns better breastfeeding position which has minimum weight loss, better latch score, optimum urine output and better maternal comfort. The present study shows that 55.5% of newborns included in the study were male and 44.5% were females. Majority of newborns (71.5%) had gestational age of 40 weeks followed by 38 weeks(25.5%) followed by 37 weeks (3%). Most of newborns included in the study had birth weight between 2600-3000gms (47.5%) followed by between 2100–2500(31.5%) followed by 17% had birth weight more than 3000gms. Majority of the mothers belong to the age group of 21–25 years(48%), followed by 26–30 years (27.5%), more than 30 years (15%) and less than 20 years (9.5%). Smitha et al observed in their study that majority of the samples, 40% of the mother belongs to the age group of 26 to 30 years, followed by 28.6% of the mothers were between 21 and 35 years and 22.8% of mothers were greater than 30 years [ 7 ] In this study the maternal comfort score was assessed between the two groups and it was found that mothers of cross cradle group agreed to majority statements of maternal comfort scale than cradle group and mothers felt more comfort in feeding their babies using cross cradle breast feeding position. It is evident by data as mean maternal comfort score in cross cradle breast feeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 is 38, 38.59, 38.82 respectively in comparison with cradle breast feeding position where mean maternal comfort score on day 1, day 2, day 3 was 34.07,34.74,34.99 respectively which is highly significant(p value < 0.001). Smitha et al observed in their study that mean maternal comfort score in cradle breast feeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 was 24.2, 28.88, 32.22 respectively. [ 7 ] Maria et al contradicted to the present study which revealed that there were no significant differences in the comfort scores between cradle hold and football breastfeeding. Both the position was equally effective for breastfeeding in terms of increased comfort of primiparous women. [ 9 ] In this study it has observed that there was highly statistically significant difference in mean and median of latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 between two positions.Study results showed that mean Latch scores in cradle breastfeeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 8.67,8.84,9.01 and in cross cradle breast feeding positions on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 9.3,9.42,9.6. Smitha et al observed in their study that mean Latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 in cradle breast feeding positions were 6.62,10.65,13.14 respectively. [ 7 ] Puapornpong et al observed in their study that 69% of mothers who are breastfeeding their babies using only one breastfeeding position had Latch score of more than 8 whereas 61% of mothers who breastfed their babies using two breastfeeding positions had latch score of more than 8. [ 10 ] This study also compared effect of two breastfeeding techniques (cradle and cross cradle) of mothers on weight pattern of term newborn and we did not observed any significant difference in mean weight pattern of babies on day 1, day 2, day 3 between the two groups. Relation of urine output and breastfeeding position also studied in this study and it was observed that mean and median distribution of urinary flow between Cradle Breast feeding and Cross cradle Breast feeding was statistically highly significant on all the Day 1 Day 2 and Day 3 at 5% level of significance with mean urinary flow in cross cradle breast feeding on all day was more compared to cradle breast feeding. Counselling has played a significant role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding and attaining good positioning. Preparation of mothers for delivery, child care, and breastfeeding is an important aspect of health education. Maternal comfort is very important to feed child for a longer duration. This study concluded that maternal comfort score and baby’s latch score was more in cross cradle breastfeeding position than cradle breastfeeding position on all three days, also as the days were increasing mean urinary flow among the babies from cross cradle group was increased. Furthermore, we recommend having more similar study trial can be conducted to add to the evidence IMPLICATION The result obtained from the study can help health care worker[HCW] in capacity building to promote infant and young child feeding strategy[IYCF] and exclusive breast feeding[EBW]. According to NHFS 5 data 63.7% of children under age of 6 months exclusively breastfed. This rate can be increased through timely initiation of breastfeeding [TIBF], Increased maternal comfort and baby’ latchment, and maternal counselling which is a key element of interpersonal communication[IPC]. In this work we have focused on these key aspects. Declarations Conflict of Interest Statement None Statement of Ethics Published research comply with the guidelines for human studies and was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Subjects have given their written informed consent and the study protocol was approved by the institute’s ethical committee. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by Institutional ethics committee (IEC), Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, M.P., India with the approval number- 111/IEC-GRMC/2020 Consent to participate statement: Written informed consent was obtained from parents/legal guardian to participate in the study. Data Availability Statement The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to patient confidentiality of individual cases, the datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Funding Sources No funding received. Author Contributions Dr Shaily patel has contributed in acquisition, analysis and drafting of the data. Dr Ajay Gaur contributed critically on the conception and design of the work. Also helped in drafting the work Acknowledgement We thank all the study participants for their participation and cooperation. References Murphy E. ‘Breast is best’: infant feeding decisions and maternal deviance. Social Health Illn 2009; 21 (02) 187-20 Mbada, Chidozie & Olowookere, Adekemi & Faronbi, Joel & Oyinlola-Aromolaran, Folasade & Faremi, Funmilola & Ogundele, Abiola & Awotidebe, Taofeek & Ojo, Adepeju & Augustine, Oluwakemi. (2013). Knowledge, attitude and techniques of breastfeeding among Nigerian mothers from a semi-urban community. BMC research notes. 6. 552. 10.1186/1756-0500-6-552. Bayissa ZB*, Gelaw BK, Geletaw A, Abdella A, Chinasho B, et al. (2015) Knowledge and Practice of Mothers towards Exclusive Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors in Ambo Woreda West Shoa Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Epidemiology(sunnyvale) 5: 182. Doi: 10.4172/2161-1165.1000182 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF): Tracking progress on child and maternal nutrition: a survival and development priority. 2009. http:// www.unicef.org. Assessed 11/06/2012. Piscopo D. Breastfeeding positioning method and device. Google Patents; 2003 Counselling for Maternal and Newborn Health Care: A Handbook for Building Skills. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. 13. D'Souza, Smitha & Thomas, Timi & Paul, Shynee. (2019). Comparison of Two Breastfeeding Positions on Maternal Comfort and Infant Feeding Behaviors through Video Teaching among Postnatal Mothers. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 09. 104-115. Freitas MG, Werneck AL, Borim BC. Exclusive breastfeeding: adhesion and difficulties. J Nurs UFPE Online. 2018;12(9):2301-7. Bency G, Maria P, Anusuya VP. Comparison of maternal comfort between two breastfeeding positions. Int J Nurs Educ 2014;6(1):113–117 Puapornpong P, Raungrongmorakot K, Manolerdtewan W, Ketsuwan S, Sinutchanan W. The Number of Infant Feeding Positions and the 6-Month Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015 Nov;98(11):1075-81. Additional Declarations There is NO conflict of interest to disclose. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2877350","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":199164150,"identity":"ad251287-c30a-485f-822f-77f9a563d18f","order_by":0,"name":"Shaily 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exclusive breastfeeding rate.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding is the best start, a tender gift to nurture life, a gift that lasts a life time and love in every drop that is needed for the survival and healthy growth of a baby into an adult\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding is the act of milk transfer from mother to baby that is very important for the survival and growth of the baby. Breastfeeding creates a psycho social bond between the mother and baby, enhances modest cognitive development and it is the underpinning of the infant\u0026rsquo;s well being in the first year of life even into the second year of life with appropriate complementary foods from 6 months. Furthermore, breastfeeding reduces the risk of neonatal complications, respiratory and other varieties of illnesses \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAppropriate breastfeeding position has effects on latching and breastfeeding duration.Common BF positions are side-lying hold, cradle hold (same arm), cross cradle hold (opposite arm), football hold, twins hold, laid-back breastfeeding (biological nurturing), laid back breastfeeding and babysitting breastfeeding.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe breastfeeding teaching process and practice empowers the mothers and helps make them breastfeed more effectively. An important part of successful breastfeeding is for the mother to relax and feel comfortable.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to NHFS 5 data 63.7% of children under age of 6 months exclusively breastfed. The success of breastfeeding depends upon the preparation of mothers through effective antenatal education that helps them to know and learn breastfeeding techniques, positions, infant care, and parenting skill. Therefore, many studies have been done to conclude which breastfeeding position may be the best choice for the mother.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a little data available to compare different breastfeeding positions in terms of maternal comfort and also the effect of various positions on newborn growth and well being. This study was conducted with the objective to see the effect of breastfeeding positions on weight pattern and urine frequency along with maternal comfort and latch score. This will help doctors\u0026rsquo; community workers to know what to promote to decrease incidence of failure to thrive, dehydration and other causes of mortality among newborns.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAIMS AND OBJECTIVE\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAIMS\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo compare effect of two breastfeeding techniques (cradle and cross cradle) of mother delivered by normal vaginal delivery on weight pattern of term newborn.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOBJECTIVES\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePRIMARY OBJECTIVE\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo compare percentage of weight loss of newborns between group 1(cradle hold technique) and group 2 (cross cradle technique)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSECONDARY OBJECTIVE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1) To compare maternal comfort and latch score between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3) To Compare frequency of urine between the two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis randomized control trial was conducted in a government urban tertiary care hospital. Written informed consent from the parents was obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSETTING\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGovernment urban tertiary care hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTUDY DESIGN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRandomised Control Trial\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDURATION OF STUDY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo years\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSAMPLE SIZE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred cases\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study sample consist of 200 mothers who are undergoing normal vaginal delivery with 36\u0026ndash;40 weeks of gestation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsidering the proportion of normal vaginal delivery from the past record Obst \u0026amp; Gynae Department 45% at 5% level of significance and 7% of relative error using the formula for sample size :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"151\" height=\"84\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhere Z\u003csub\u003e\u0026alpha;/2\u003c/sub\u003e = 1.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;45%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;55%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ed\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;194 \u0026cong; 200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSo total 200 females who will undergo normal vaginal delivery will be taken.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINCLUSION CRITERIA\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostpartum women with normal vaginal delivery of Post Natal Ward with or without complications and those who intend to breast feed for at least 6 months are recruited.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMothers with normal vaginal delivery whose babies are admitted in Sick Newborn Care Unit are recruited.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEXCLUSION CRITERIA\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostpartum women with elective cesarean section are excluded\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMothers whose infant will diagnose with galactosemia are excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBabies with gross congenital malformation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBirth weight\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1500 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAny absolute contraindication of breast feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutborn babies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwins / multiplets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreterm babies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMETHODOLOGY:\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNewborns delivered in the Post-natal ward or admitted in Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a government urban tertiary care hospital, were considered for the study (shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;1). Written informed consent is taken from the parents of all the study participants. Randomization was done using computer generated randome number tables, And divided into two groups - Cradle and Cross cradle groups, Daily monitoring was done for 3 days, Data collected, Processed and then result generated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLATCH SCORE\u003c/strong\u003e: Breastfeeding was assessed using the LATCH score assessment tool, which looks at five parameters: Latching on, Audible swallowing, Type of nipples, Comfort, and help (assistance requirement).(shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTOTAL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLATCH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eToo sleepy or reductant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRepeated attempts for sustained latch or suck. Hold nipple in mouth. Stimulate to suck\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrasps breast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLips flanged\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRhythmic sucking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUDIBLE SWALLOWING\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA few with stimulation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous and intermittent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous and frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTYPES OF NIPPLE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInverted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEverts after stimulation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMFORT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEngorged severe pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFiling red\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon tender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHOLD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFull assist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal assist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo assist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS-\u003c/strong\u003e Collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2016 for further analysis. Qualitative data was expressed in terms of frequency and percentages while Quantitative data was expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, also in median and Inter Quartile range. Association between qualitative variable was assessed by using \u003cstrong\u003echi-square/fisher exact test\u003c/strong\u003e. For quantitative data normality test was applied ( \u003cstrong\u003eShapiro willk test\u003c/strong\u003e and found data to be not normal) so variable median difference between two position was assessed by using \u003cstrong\u003eMan-whitney test\u003c/strong\u003e( Non-parametric Test). P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Statistical analysis was done in Statistical software SPSS Version 25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study \u0026ldquo;comparison of cradle breast feeding position with cross cradle breastfeeding position in term newborn on their weight pattern\u0026rdquo; was conducted on 200 mother-newborn dyads at SNCU and PNW Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior(M.P) within a period of two years. Total 200 mother-newborn dyads included in the study who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and informed consent for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDemographic Profile\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present study shows that 55.5% of newborns included in the study were male and 44.5% were females. Majority of newborns (71.5%) had gestational age of 40 weeks followed by 38 weeks(25.5%) followed by 37 weeks (3%). Most of newborns included in the study had birth weight between 2600-3000gms (47.5%) followed by between 2100\u0026ndash;2500(31.5%) followed by 17% had birth weight more than 3000gms. Majority of the mothers belong to the age group of 21\u0026ndash;25 years(48%), followed by 26\u0026ndash;30 years (27.5%), more than 30 years (15%) and less than 20 years (9.5%) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDemographic Variables of the Study Group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGestational age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37 Weeks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38 Weeks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40 Weeks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e143\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e71.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth weight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1500\u0026ndash;2500\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e71\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;2500\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e129\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e64.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaternal age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;20 years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21\u0026ndash;25 years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e96\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e48\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26\u0026ndash;30 years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e55\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e27.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;30 years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDistribution of weight between two groups:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study compares weight pattern between two breastfeeding position. Between these two methods of breast feeding we did not observe any significant difference in mean and median weight of the babies on day 1, day 2 and day 3 at 5% level of significance(Table\u0026nbsp;2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean and Median Distribution of\u0026nbsp; weight between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeight\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cross Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.734\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.8(2.4\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.7601\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.77(2.5\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.818\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.626\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7(2.3\u0026ndash;2.8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7225\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.75(2.3\u0026ndash;2.9)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.187\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5762\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.382\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.67(2.3\u0026ndash;2.8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.407\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.72(2.4\u0026ndash;2.9)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.119\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDistribution of urinary flow between two groups:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean and median distribution of urinary flow between Cradle Breast feeding and Cross cradle Breast feeding was observed to be statistically highly significant on all the Day 1 Day 2 and Day 3 at 5% level of significance.(Table\u0026nbsp;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean and Median Distribution of Urinary Flow between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUrinary Flow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cross Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.388\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2(1\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.826\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2(2\u0026ndash;4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.23\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4(4\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.58\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6(5\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.36\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6(5\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.313\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8(6\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003ctfoot\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e**P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, highly significant at 5% level of significance\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tfoot\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDistribution of maternal comfort between two groups:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been observed that Mothers those who were feeding their child by using cross cradle method, Found more comfort than cradle breastfeeding position and this difference between these two position was statistically highly significant for mean as well as median difference on all three days.(Table\u0026nbsp;4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 4\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean and Median Distribution of Maternal comfort between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal Comfort Source\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGROUP 2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Cross Cradle Breast Feeding)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34(34\u0026ndash;34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.752\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38(36\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.116\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34(34\u0026ndash;36)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.28\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38 (38\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.105\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34 ( 34\u0026ndash;36)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.306\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e39 ( 38\u0026ndash;40)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003ctfoot\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e**P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, highly significant at 5% level of significance\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tfoot\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAssociation of Maternal comfort score with Gestational age and birth weight of newborn:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis table shows association of birth weight, gestational age and maternal comfort and revealed that birth weight between 2600-3000gms showed maximum maternal comfort score similarly gestational age of 40 weeks showed maximum maternal comfort score.(Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssociation of Maternal comfort score with Gestational age and birth weight of newborn\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal Comfort Score (Median)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-square/ Fisher Exact\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBirth Weight\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.50\u0026ndash;2.0 Kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3(1.70%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5(2.90%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8(4.60%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.27\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.23\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1\u0026ndash;2.5 Kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e39(22.40%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24(13.80%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e63(36.20%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.60\u0026ndash;3 Kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e45(25.90%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e50(28.70%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95(54.60%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3 Kg\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e55(2.90%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3(1.70%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8(4.60%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGestational Age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3(1.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3(1.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6(3%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.109\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e38\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32(16.0%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19(9.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51(25.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e66(33.0%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e77(38.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e143(71.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e101(50.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e99(49.50%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200(100%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDistribution of LATCH Score between two positions:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study it has observed that there was highly statistically significant difference in mean and median of latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 between two postions.(as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;2, Fig.\u0026nbsp;3, Fig.\u0026nbsp;4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy results showed that mean Latch scores in cradle breastfeeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 8.67,8.84,9.01 and in cross cradle breast feeding positions on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 9.3,9.42,9.6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study \u0026ldquo;THE IMPACT OF BREASTFEEDING POSITIONING ON MOTHER-NEWBORN DYAD: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL\u0026rdquo; was intended to assess the weight pattern in term newborns following two different breastfeeding position to help choosing mothers of newborns better breastfeeding position which has minimum weight loss, better latch score, optimum urine output and better maternal comfort.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present study shows that 55.5% of newborns included in the study were male and 44.5% were females. Majority of newborns (71.5%) had gestational age of 40 weeks followed by 38 weeks(25.5%) followed by 37 weeks (3%). Most of newborns included in the study had birth weight between 2600-3000gms (47.5%) followed by between 2100\u0026ndash;2500(31.5%) followed by 17% had birth weight more than 3000gms. Majority of the mothers belong to the age group of 21\u0026ndash;25 years(48%), followed by 26\u0026ndash;30 years (27.5%), more than 30 years (15%) and less than 20 years (9.5%). \u003cstrong\u003eSmitha et al\u003c/strong\u003e observed in their study that majority of the samples, 40% of the mother belongs to the age group of 26 to 30 years, followed by 28.6% of the mothers were between 21 and 35 years and 22.8% of mothers were greater than 30 years\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study the maternal comfort score was assessed between the two groups and it was found that mothers of cross cradle group agreed to majority statements of maternal comfort scale than cradle group and mothers felt more comfort in feeding their babies using cross cradle breast feeding position. It is evident by data as mean maternal comfort score in cross cradle breast feeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 is 38, 38.59, 38.82 respectively in comparison with cradle breast feeding position where mean maternal comfort score on day 1, day 2, day 3 was 34.07,34.74,34.99 respectively which is highly significant(p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). \u003cstrong\u003eSmitha et al\u003c/strong\u003e observed in their study that mean maternal comfort score in cradle breast feeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 was 24.2, 28.88, 32.22 respectively.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eMaria et al\u003c/strong\u003e contradicted to the present study which revealed that there were no significant differences in the comfort scores between cradle hold and football breastfeeding. Both the position was equally effective for breastfeeding in terms of increased comfort of primiparous women.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study it has observed that there was highly statistically significant difference in mean and median of latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 between two positions.Study results showed that mean Latch scores in cradle breastfeeding position on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 8.67,8.84,9.01 and in cross cradle breast feeding positions on day 1, day 2, day 3 were 9.3,9.42,9.6. \u003cstrong\u003eSmitha et al\u003c/strong\u003e observed in their study that mean Latch scores on day 1, day 2, day 3 in cradle breast feeding positions were 6.62,10.65,13.14 respectively.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePuapornpong et al\u003c/strong\u003e observed in their study that 69% of mothers who are breastfeeding their babies using only one breastfeeding position had Latch score of more than 8 whereas 61% of mothers who breastfed their babies using two breastfeeding positions had latch score of more than 8.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study also compared effect of two breastfeeding techniques (cradle and cross cradle) of mothers on weight pattern of term newborn and we did not observed any significant difference in mean weight pattern of babies on day 1, day 2, day 3 between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelation of urine output and breastfeeding position also studied in this study and it was observed that mean and median distribution of urinary flow between Cradle Breast feeding and Cross cradle Breast feeding was statistically highly significant on all the Day 1 Day 2 and Day 3 at 5% level of significance with mean urinary flow in cross cradle breast feeding on all day was more compared to cradle breast feeding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCounselling has played a significant role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding and attaining good positioning. Preparation of mothers for delivery, child care, and breastfeeding is an important aspect of health education. Maternal comfort is very important to feed child for a longer duration. This study concluded that maternal comfort score and baby\u0026rsquo;s latch score was more in cross cradle breastfeeding position than cradle breastfeeding position on all three days, also as the days were increasing mean urinary flow among the babies from cross cradle group was increased. Furthermore, we recommend having more similar study trial can be conducted to add to the evidence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eIMPLICATION\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe result obtained from the study can help health care worker[HCW] in capacity building to promote infant and young child feeding strategy[IYCF] and exclusive breast feeding[EBW]. According to NHFS 5 data 63.7% of children under age of 6 months exclusively breastfed. This rate can be increased through timely initiation of breastfeeding [TIBF], Increased maternal comfort and baby\u0026rsquo; latchment, and maternal counselling which is a key element of interpersonal communication[IPC]. In this work we have focused on these key aspects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eConflict of Interest Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStatement of Ethics\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublished research comply with the guidelines for human studies and was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Subjects have given their written informed consent and the study protocol was approved by the institute\u0026rsquo;s ethical committee. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis study protocol was reviewed and approved by Institutional ethics committee (IEC), Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, M.P., India with the approval number- \u003c/em\u003e111/IEC-GRMC/2020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent to participate statement: Written informed consent was obtained from parents/legal guardian to participate in the study. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to patient confidentiality of individual cases, the datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding Sources\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding received.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr Shaily patel has contributed in acquisition, analysis and drafting of the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr Ajay Gaur contributed critically on the conception and design of the work. Also helped in drafting the work\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement \u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank all the study participants for their participation and cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMurphy E. \u0026lsquo;Breast is best\u0026rsquo;: infant feeding decisions and maternal deviance. Social Health Illn 2009; 21 (02) 187-20\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMbada, Chidozie \u0026amp; Olowookere, Adekemi \u0026amp; Faronbi, Joel \u0026amp; Oyinlola-Aromolaran, Folasade \u0026amp; Faremi, Funmilola \u0026amp; Ogundele, Abiola \u0026amp; Awotidebe, Taofeek \u0026amp; Ojo, Adepeju \u0026amp; Augustine, Oluwakemi. (2013). Knowledge, attitude and techniques of breastfeeding among Nigerian mothers from a semi-urban community. BMC research notes. 6. 552. 10.1186/1756-0500-6-552.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBayissa ZB*, Gelaw BK, Geletaw A, Abdella A, Chinasho B, et al. (2015) Knowledge and Practice of Mothers towards Exclusive Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors in Ambo Woreda West Shoa Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Epidemiology(sunnyvale) 5: 182. Doi: 10.4172/2161-1165.1000182\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnited Nations Children\u0026rsquo;s Fund (UNICEF): Tracking progress on child and maternal nutrition: a survival and development priority. 2009. http:// www.unicef.org. Assessed 11/06/2012.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiscopo D. Breastfeeding positioning method and device. Google Patents; 2003\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCounselling for Maternal and Newborn Health Care: A Handbook for Building Skills. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. 13.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD\u0026apos;Souza, Smitha \u0026amp; Thomas, Timi \u0026amp; Paul, Shynee. (2019). Comparison of Two Breastfeeding Positions on Maternal Comfort and Infant Feeding Behaviors through Video Teaching among Postnatal Mothers. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 09. 104-115.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFreitas MG, Werneck AL, Borim BC. Exclusive breastfeeding: adhesion and difficulties. J Nurs UFPE Online. 2018;12(9):2301-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBency G, Maria P, Anusuya VP. Comparison of maternal comfort between two breastfeeding positions. Int J Nurs Educ 2014;6(1):113\u0026ndash;117\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePuapornpong P, Raungrongmorakot K, Manolerdtewan W, Ketsuwan S, Sinutchanan W. The Number of Infant Feeding Positions and the 6-Month Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015 Nov;98(11):1075-81.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2877350/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2877350/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObjectives-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon breastfeeding (BF) positions are side-lying, cradle hold, cross cradle hold, football, laid-back. The literature to compare different BF positions in terms of maternal comfort is scarce. This study was conducted to see the effect of two BF positions, cradle and cross cradle, on weight pattern and urine frequency along with maternal comfort and latch score.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy Design-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRandomised controlled trial is performed in 200 mother newborn dyads of gestational age between 36\u0026ndash;40 weeks and weight loss pattern, maternal comfort and latch score compared between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy observed that the mean distribution of urinary flow was statistically highly significant (p value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) in cross cradle group. Cross cradle breastfeeding position showed higher maternal comfort score and latch score than cradle breastfeeding position.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusion-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study explores that cross cradle breastfeeding position is better in terms of maternal comfort and latch score than cradle breastfeeding position.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison of Cradle Breastfeeding Position With Cross Cradle Breastfeeding Position in Term Newborns on Their Weight Pattern","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-05-15 22:26:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2877350/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f95566c2-cd18-4198-a684-e8b47778e861","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 15th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":21526124,"name":"Health sciences/Health care/Paediatrics"},{"id":21526125,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research/Outcomes research"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-05-15T22:26:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-05-15 22:26:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2877350","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2877350","identity":"rs-2877350","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}