The influence of spectral window smoothing on the calculation of high frequency attenuating factor (κ): A case study of the Luding magnitude 6.8 earthquake

The influence of spectral window smoothing on the calculation of high frequency attenuating factor (κ): A case study of the Luding magnitude 6.8 earthquake | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The influence of spectral window smoothing on the calculation of high frequency attenuating factor (κ): A case study of the Luding magnitude 6.8 earthquake Xiaonan Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295418/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Earth Science Informatics → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ground motion simulation can provide reference for buildings seismic design in areas lacking earthquake records. high frequency attenuating factor ( κ ) is an important parameter in ground motion simulation, controlling the drop of Fourier spectrum shape in the high frequency interval. Luring magnitude 6.8 earthquake records within 150 km of the epicenter are selected to develop κ . Parzen window is used to smooth the cluttered Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS). the frequency interval in FAS with the smallest p H function is selected to fit the κ . The approach improves accuracy of identifying lowest and highest frequency, and improve the stability of the calculation. κ are calculated based on 20 stations of horizontal records and the distribution trend of κ is analyzed. The results show that FAS is gradually smooth with the increase of the window width, and it is significantly different from the original spectrum when the window width is larger than 1Hz. Compared with 12 window widths, the window width of 0.4Hz is the best. The window of 0.4Hz width makes the curve smooth and the error of κ small. There was a significant directional difference in κ distribution. κ in EW direction increased with respect to epicenter distance, and κ in NS direction decreased with respect to PGA. high-frequency attenuation Parzen window Fourier amplitude spectrums Luding earthquake Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Earth Science Informatics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 13 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 13 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6295418","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":456640634,"identity":"73b6e687-8cc9-4240-a1cc-91c547d21d8a","order_by":0,"name":"Xiaonan Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQjFw8/ekHAgweCfHBt7+wGitMhI9hx4eOBDxQFjPp4zCURpsTG4kfj44IwzBxLnSTgY4NUhP7v52cOvbXd4DG4kJxzmbbuT3ibBkMDwo2IbTi2Mc46ZG8ucecYjeeYZSMuz3DbpxgOMPWdu49TCLJFgJi1RcZiH73gOSAtzbpvMgQRmxjbcWtgk0r9JSxgc5mE4kP8BpCWdTSLBAK8WHokcM8kPQFsETiQkAL1/OIGgFgmJnDJphjOHeYCBnAAM5DTDNmAgH8TnF/kZ6dskf7YdtgdGZfKHBAMbefn29oMPflTg1gIOAh50kQN41QMB4w9CKkbBKBgFo2BkAwD6cWHEySUH2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaonan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-24 12:38:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295418/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295418/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-025-02042-1","type":"published","date":"2025-10-23T16:16:19+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94490482,"identity":"9cccc877-baf6-4fb7-95a1-ffaa366f9cb7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-27 17:10:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3421448,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Theinfluenceofspectralwindowsmoothingonthecalculationofkappaparameters.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6295418/v1_covered_04955b1c-2152-4e10-97b0-7fd4daf06b17.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The influence of spectral window smoothing on the calculation of high frequency attenuating factor (κ): A case study of the Luding magnitude 6.8 earthquake","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"earth-science-informatics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"esin","sideBox":"Learn more about [Earth Science Informatics](http://link.springer.com/journal/12145)","snPcode":"12145","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12145/3","title":"Earth Science Informatics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"high-frequency attenuation, Parzen window, Fourier amplitude spectrums, Luding earthquake","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295418/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6295418/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eGround motion simulation can provide reference for buildings seismic design in areas lacking earthquake records. high frequency attenuating factor (\u003cem\u003eκ\u003c/em\u003e) is an important parameter in ground motion simulation, controlling the drop of Fourier spectrum shape in the high frequency interval. Luring magnitude 6.8 earthquake records within 150 km of the epicenter are selected to develop \u003cem\u003eκ\u003c/em\u003e. Parzen window is used to smooth the cluttered Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS). the frequency interval in FAS with the smallest \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003eH\u003c/sup\u003e function is selected to fit the \u003cem\u003eκ\u003c/em\u003e. The approach improves accuracy of identifying lowest and highest frequency, and improve the stability of the calculation. \u003cem\u003eκ\u003c/em\u003e are calculated based on 20 stations of horizontal records and the distribution trend of κ is analyzed. The results show that FAS is gradually smooth with the increase of the window width, and it is significantly different from the original spectrum when the window width is larger than 1Hz. Compared with 12 window widths, the window width of 0.4Hz is the best. The window of 0.4Hz width makes the curve smooth and the error of \u003cem\u003eκ\u003c/em\u003e small. 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